Auto merge of rust-lang#113797 - RalfJung:offset_from_docs, r=workingjubilee

offset_from: docs improvements

This is the part of rust-lang#112837 that doesn't add a new function, just tweaks the existing docs.

Author: bors

Diff for: library/core/src/ptr/const_ptr.rs

@@ -607,7 +607,16 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *const T {
     /// Calculates the distance between two pointers. The returned value is in
     /// units of T: the distance in bytes divided by `mem::size_of::<T>()`.
     ///
-    /// This function is the inverse of [`offset`].
+    /// This is equivalent to `(self as isize - origin as isize) / (mem::size_of::<T>() as isize)`,
+    /// except that it has a lot more opportunities for UB, in exchange for the compiler
+    /// better understanding what you are doing.
+    ///
+    /// The primary motivation of this method is for computing the `len` of an array/slice
+    /// of `T` that you are currently representing as a "start" and "end" pointer
+    /// (and "end" is "one past the end" of the array).
+    /// In that case, `end.offset_from(start)` gets you the length of the array.
+    ///
+    /// All of the following safety requirements are trivially satisfied for this usecase.
     ///
     /// [`offset`]: #method.offset
     ///
@@ -616,7 +625,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *const T {
     /// If any of the following conditions are violated, the result is Undefined
     /// Behavior:
     ///
-    /// * Both the starting and other pointer must be either in bounds or one
+    /// * Both `self` and `origin` must be either in bounds or one
     ///   byte past the end of the same [allocated object].
     ///
     /// * Both pointers must be *derived from* a pointer to the same object.
@@ -646,6 +655,14 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *const T {
     /// (Note that [`offset`] and [`add`] also have a similar limitation and hence cannot be used on
     /// such large allocations either.)
     ///
+    /// The requirement for pointers to be derived from the same allocated object is primarily
+    /// needed for `const`-compatibility: the distance between pointers into *different* allocated
+    /// objects is not known at compile-time. However, the requirement also exists at
+    /// runtime and may be exploited by optimizations. If you wish to compute the difference between
+    /// pointers that are not guaranteed to be from the same allocation, use `(self as isize -
+    /// origin as isize) / mem::size_of::<T>()`.
+    // FIXME: recommend `addr()` instead of `as usize` once that is stable.
+    ///
     /// [`add`]: #method.add
     /// [allocated object]: crate::ptr#allocated-object
     ///
@@ -703,7 +720,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *const T {
     /// units of **bytes**.
     ///
     /// This is purely a convenience for casting to a `u8` pointer and
-    /// using [offset_from][pointer::offset_from] on it. See that method for
+    /// using [`offset_from`][pointer::offset_from] on it. See that method for
     /// documentation and safety requirements.
     ///
     /// For non-`Sized` pointees this operation considers only the data pointers,

Diff for: library/core/src/ptr/mut_ptr.rs

@@ -781,7 +781,16 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
     /// Calculates the distance between two pointers. The returned value is in
     /// units of T: the distance in bytes divided by `mem::size_of::<T>()`.
     ///
-    /// This function is the inverse of [`offset`].
+    /// This is equivalent to `(self as isize - origin as isize) / (mem::size_of::<T>() as isize)`,
+    /// except that it has a lot more opportunities for UB, in exchange for the compiler
+    /// better understanding what you are doing.
+    ///
+    /// The primary motivation of this method is for computing the `len` of an array/slice
+    /// of `T` that you are currently representing as a "start" and "end" pointer
+    /// (and "end" is "one past the end" of the array).
+    /// In that case, `end.offset_from(start)` gets you the length of the array.
+    ///
+    /// All of the following safety requirements are trivially satisfied for this usecase.
     ///
     /// [`offset`]: pointer#method.offset-1
     ///
@@ -790,7 +799,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
     /// If any of the following conditions are violated, the result is Undefined
     /// Behavior:
     ///
-    /// * Both the starting and other pointer must be either in bounds or one
+    /// * Both `self` and `origin` must be either in bounds or one
     ///   byte past the end of the same [allocated object].
     ///
     /// * Both pointers must be *derived from* a pointer to the same object.
@@ -820,6 +829,14 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
     /// (Note that [`offset`] and [`add`] also have a similar limitation and hence cannot be used on
     /// such large allocations either.)
     ///
+    /// The requirement for pointers to be derived from the same allocated object is primarily
+    /// needed for `const`-compatibility: the distance between pointers into *different* allocated
+    /// objects is not known at compile-time. However, the requirement also exists at
+    /// runtime and may be exploited by optimizations. If you wish to compute the difference between
+    /// pointers that are not guaranteed to be from the same allocation, use `(self as isize -
+    /// origin as isize) / mem::size_of::<T>()`.
+    // FIXME: recommend `addr()` instead of `as usize` once that is stable.
+    ///
     /// [`add`]: #method.add
     /// [allocated object]: crate::ptr#allocated-object
     ///
@@ -875,7 +892,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
     /// units of **bytes**.
     ///
     /// This is purely a convenience for casting to a `u8` pointer and
-    /// using [offset_from][pointer::offset_from] on it. See that method for
+    /// using [`offset_from`][pointer::offset_from] on it. See that method for
     /// documentation and safety requirements.
     ///
     /// For non-`Sized` pointees this operation considers only the data pointers,