Properly resolve prelude paths inside modules inside blocks

I.e. the following situation:
```
fn foo() {
    mod bar {
        fn qux() {
            // Prelude path here (e.g. macro use prelude or extern prelude).
        }
    }
}
```
Those were previously unresolved, because, in order to support `self` and `super` properly, since rust-lang#15148 we do not ascend block paths when there is a module in between, but only crate def maps register preludes, not block def maps, and we can't change this because block def map prelude can always be overridden by another block. E.g.
```
fn foo() {
    struct WithTheSameNameAsPreludeItem;
    {
        WithTheSameNameAsPreludeItem
    }
}
```
Here `WithTheSameNameAsPreludeItem` refer to the item from the top block, but if we would register prelude items in each block the child block would overwrite it incorrectly.

Author: ChayimFriedman2

src/tools/rust-analyzer/crates/hir-def/src/nameres/path_resolution.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 //!
 //! `ReachedFixedPoint` signals about this.
 
+use either::Either;
 use hir_expand::{name::Name, Lookup};
 use span::Edition;
 use triomphe::Arc;
@@ -150,17 +151,8 @@ impl DefMap {
 
         let mut arc;
         let mut current_map = self;
-        loop {
-            let new = current_map.resolve_path_fp_with_macro_single(
-                db,
-                mode,
-                original_module,
-                path,
-                shadow,
-                expected_macro_subns,
-            );
 
-            // Merge `new` into `result`.
+        let mut merge = |new: ResolvePathResult| {
             result.resolved_def = result.resolved_def.or(new.resolved_def);
             if result.reached_fixedpoint == ReachedFixedPoint::No {
                 result.reached_fixedpoint = new.reached_fixedpoint;
@@ -171,7 +163,9 @@ impl DefMap {
                 (Some(old), Some(new)) => Some(old.max(new)),
                 (None, new) => new,
             };
+        };
 
+        loop {
             match current_map.block {
                 Some(block) if original_module == Self::ROOT => {
                     // Block modules "inherit" names from its parent module.
@@ -180,8 +174,38 @@ impl DefMap {
                     current_map = &arc;
                 }
                 // Proper (non-block) modules, including those in block `DefMap`s, don't.
-                _ => return result,
+                _ => {
+                    if original_module != Self::ROOT && current_map.block.is_some() {
+                        // A module inside a block. Do not resolve items declared in upper blocks, but we do need to get
+                        // the prelude items (which are not inserted into blocks because they can be overridden there).
+                        original_module = Self::ROOT;
+                        arc = db.crate_def_map(self.krate);
+                        current_map = &arc;
+
+                        let new = current_map.resolve_path_fp_in_all_preludes(
+                            db,
+                            mode,
+                            original_module,
+                            path,
+                            shadow,
+                        );
+                        merge(new);
+                    }
+
+                    return result;
+                }
             }
+
+            let new = current_map.resolve_path_fp_with_macro_single(
+                db,
+                mode,
+                original_module,
+                path,
+                shadow,
+                expected_macro_subns,
+            );
+
+            merge(new);
         }
     }
 
@@ -195,7 +219,7 @@ impl DefMap {
         expected_macro_subns: Option<MacroSubNs>,
     ) -> ResolvePathResult {
         let mut segments = path.segments().iter().enumerate();
-        let mut curr_per_ns = match path.kind {
+        let curr_per_ns = match path.kind {
             PathKind::DollarCrate(krate) => {
                 if krate == self.krate {
                     cov_mark::hit!(macro_dollar_crate_self);
@@ -296,25 +320,96 @@ impl DefMap {
 
                 PerNs::types(module.into(), Visibility::Public, None)
             }
-            PathKind::Abs => {
-                // 2018-style absolute path -- only extern prelude
-                let segment = match segments.next() {
-                    Some((_, segment)) => segment,
+            PathKind::Abs => match self.resolve_path_abs(&mut segments, path) {
+                Either::Left(it) => it,
+                Either::Right(reached_fixed_point) => {
+                    return ResolvePathResult::empty(reached_fixed_point)
+                }
+            },
+        };
+
+        self.resolve_remaining_segments(segments, curr_per_ns, path, db, shadow, original_module)
+    }
+
+    /// Resolves a path only in the preludes, without accounting for item scopes.
+    pub(super) fn resolve_path_fp_in_all_preludes(
+        &self,
+        db: &dyn DefDatabase,
+        mode: ResolveMode,
+        original_module: LocalModuleId,
+        path: &ModPath,
+        shadow: BuiltinShadowMode,
+    ) -> ResolvePathResult {
+        let mut segments = path.segments().iter().enumerate();
+        let curr_per_ns = match path.kind {
+            // plain import or absolute path in 2015: crate-relative with
+            // fallback to extern prelude (with the simplification in
+            // rust-lang/rust#57745)
+            // FIXME there must be a nicer way to write this condition
+            PathKind::Plain | PathKind::Abs
+                if self.data.edition == Edition::Edition2015
+                    && (path.kind == PathKind::Abs || mode == ResolveMode::Import) =>
+            {
+                let (_, segment) = match segments.next() {
+                    Some((idx, segment)) => (idx, segment),
                     None => return ResolvePathResult::empty(ReachedFixedPoint::Yes),
                 };
-                if let Some(&(def, extern_crate)) = self.data.extern_prelude.get(segment) {
-                    tracing::debug!("absolute path {:?} resolved to crate {:?}", path, def);
-                    PerNs::types(
-                        def.into(),
-                        Visibility::Public,
-                        extern_crate.map(ImportOrExternCrate::ExternCrate),
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    return ResolvePathResult::empty(ReachedFixedPoint::No); // extern crate declarations can add to the extern prelude
+                tracing::debug!("resolving {:?} in crate root (+ extern prelude)", segment);
+                self.resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(segment)
+            }
+            PathKind::Plain => {
+                let (_, segment) = match segments.next() {
+                    Some((idx, segment)) => (idx, segment),
+                    None => return ResolvePathResult::empty(ReachedFixedPoint::Yes),
+                };
+                tracing::debug!("resolving {:?} in module", segment);
+                self.resolve_name_in_all_preludes(db, segment)
+            }
+            PathKind::Abs => match self.resolve_path_abs(&mut segments, path) {
+                Either::Left(it) => it,
+                Either::Right(reached_fixed_point) => {
+                    return ResolvePathResult::empty(reached_fixed_point)
                 }
+            },
+            PathKind::DollarCrate(_) | PathKind::Crate | PathKind::Super(_) => {
+                return ResolvePathResult::empty(ReachedFixedPoint::Yes)
             }
         };
 
+        self.resolve_remaining_segments(segments, curr_per_ns, path, db, shadow, original_module)
+    }
+
+    /// 2018-style absolute path -- only extern prelude
+    fn resolve_path_abs<'a>(
+        &self,
+        segments: &mut impl Iterator<Item = (usize, &'a Name)>,
+        path: &ModPath,
+    ) -> Either<PerNs, ReachedFixedPoint> {
+        let segment = match segments.next() {
+            Some((_, segment)) => segment,
+            None => return Either::Right(ReachedFixedPoint::Yes),
+        };
+        if let Some(&(def, extern_crate)) = self.data.extern_prelude.get(segment) {
+            tracing::debug!("absolute path {:?} resolved to crate {:?}", path, def);
+            Either::Left(PerNs::types(
+                def.into(),
+                Visibility::Public,
+                extern_crate.map(ImportOrExternCrate::ExternCrate),
+            ))
+        } else {
+            Either::Right(ReachedFixedPoint::No) // extern crate declarations can add to the extern prelude
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_remaining_segments<'a>(
+        &self,
+        segments: impl Iterator<Item = (usize, &'a Name)>,
+        mut curr_per_ns: PerNs,
+        path: &ModPath,
+        db: &dyn DefDatabase,
+        shadow: BuiltinShadowMode,
+        original_module: LocalModuleId,
+    ) -> ResolvePathResult {
         for (i, segment) in segments {
             let (curr, vis, imp) = match curr_per_ns.take_types_full() {
                 Some(r) => r,
@@ -475,24 +570,9 @@ impl DefMap {
                 // they might been shadowed by local names.
                 return PerNs::none();
             }
-            self.data.extern_prelude.get(name).map_or(PerNs::none(), |&(it, extern_crate)| {
-                PerNs::types(
-                    it.into(),
-                    Visibility::Public,
-                    extern_crate.map(ImportOrExternCrate::ExternCrate),
-                )
-            })
-        };
-        let macro_use_prelude = || {
-            self.macro_use_prelude.get(name).map_or(PerNs::none(), |&(it, _extern_crate)| {
-                PerNs::macros(
-                    it,
-                    Visibility::Public,
-                    // FIXME?
-                    None, // extern_crate.map(ImportOrExternCrate::ExternCrate),
-                )
-            })
+            self.resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(name)
         };
+        let macro_use_prelude = || self.resolve_in_macro_use_prelude(name);
         let prelude = || {
             if self.block.is_some() && module == DefMap::ROOT {
                 return PerNs::none();
@@ -507,6 +587,38 @@ impl DefMap {
             .or_else(prelude)
     }
 
+    fn resolve_name_in_all_preludes(&self, db: &dyn DefDatabase, name: &Name) -> PerNs {
+        // Resolve in:
+        //  - extern prelude / macro_use prelude
+        //  - std prelude
+        let extern_prelude = self.resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(name);
+        let macro_use_prelude = || self.resolve_in_macro_use_prelude(name);
+        let prelude = || self.resolve_in_prelude(db, name);
+
+        extern_prelude.or_else(macro_use_prelude).or_else(prelude)
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(&self, name: &Name) -> PerNs {
+        self.data.extern_prelude.get(name).map_or(PerNs::none(), |&(it, extern_crate)| {
+            PerNs::types(
+                it.into(),
+                Visibility::Public,
+                extern_crate.map(ImportOrExternCrate::ExternCrate),
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_in_macro_use_prelude(&self, name: &Name) -> PerNs {
+        self.macro_use_prelude.get(name).map_or(PerNs::none(), |&(it, _extern_crate)| {
+            PerNs::macros(
+                it,
+                Visibility::Public,
+                // FIXME?
+                None, // extern_crate.map(ImportOrExternCrate::ExternCrate),
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
     fn resolve_name_in_crate_root_or_extern_prelude(
         &self,
         db: &dyn DefDatabase,
@@ -525,16 +637,7 @@ impl DefMap {
                 // Don't resolve extern prelude in pseudo-module of a block.
                 return PerNs::none();
             }
-            self.data.extern_prelude.get(name).copied().map_or(
-                PerNs::none(),
-                |(it, extern_crate)| {
-                    PerNs::types(
-                        it.into(),
-                        Visibility::Public,
-                        extern_crate.map(ImportOrExternCrate::ExternCrate),
-                    )
-                },
-            )
+            self.resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(name)
         };
 
         from_crate_root.or_else(from_extern_prelude)

src/tools/rust-analyzer/crates/ide-diagnostics/src/handlers/unresolved_macro_call.rs

@@ -82,4 +82,29 @@ self::m!(); self::m2!();
 "#,
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn no_unresolved_panic_inside_mod_inside_fn() {
+        check_diagnostics(
+            r#"
+//- /core.rs library crate:core
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! panic {
+    () => {};
+}
+
+//- /lib.rs crate:foo deps:core
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate core;
+
+fn foo() {
+    mod init {
+        pub fn init() {
+            panic!();
+        }
+    }
+}
+    "#,
+        );
+    }
 }