Rollup merge of rust-lang#129195 - RalfJung:const-mut-refs, r=fee1-dead

Stabilize `&mut` (and `*mut`) as well as `&Cell` (and `*const Cell`) in const

This stabilizes `const_mut_refs` and `const_refs_to_cell`. That allows a bunch of new things in const contexts:
- Mentioning `&mut` types
- Creating `&mut` and `*mut` values
- Creating `&T` and `*const T` values where `T` contains interior mutability
- Dereferencing `&mut` and `*mut` values (both for reads and writes)

The same rules as at runtime apply: mutating immutable data is UB. This includes mutation through pointers derived from shared references; the following is diagnosed with a hard error:
```rust
#[allow(invalid_reference_casting)]
const _: () = {
    let mut val = 15;
    let ptr = &val as *const i32 as *mut i32;
    unsafe { *ptr = 16; }
};
```

The main limitation that is enforced is that the final value of a const (or non-`mut` static) may not contain `&mut` values nor interior mutable `&` values. This is necessary because the memory those references point to becomes *read-only* when the constant is done computing, so (interior) mutable references to such memory would be pretty dangerous. We take a multi-layered approach here to ensuring no mutable references escape the initializer expression:
- A static analysis rejects (interior) mutable references when the referee looks like it may outlive the current MIR body.
- To be extra sure, this static check is complemented by a "safety net" of dynamic checks. ("Dynamic" in the sense of "running during/after const-evaluation, e.g. at runtime of this code" -- in contrast to "static" which works entirely by looking at the MIR without evaluating it.)
  - After the final value is computed, we do a type-driven traversal of the entire value, and if we find any `&mut` or interior-mutable `&` we error out.
  - However, the type-driven traversal cannot traverse `union` or raw pointers, so there is a second dynamic check where if the final value of the const contains any pointer that was not derived from a shared reference, we complain. This is currently a future-compat lint, but will become an ICE in rust-lang#128543. On the off-chance that it's actually possible to trigger this lint on stable, I'd prefer if we could make it an ICE before stabilizing const_mut_refs, but it's not a hard blocker. This part of the "safety net" is only active for mutable references since with shared references, it has false positives.

Altogether this should prevent people from leaking (interior) mutable references out of the const initializer.

While updating the tests I learned that surprisingly, this code gets rejected:
```rust
const _: Vec<i32> = {
    let mut x = Vec::<i32>::new(); //~ ERROR destructor of `Vec<i32>` cannot be evaluated at compile-time
    let r = &mut x;
    let y = x;
    y
};
```
The analysis that rejects destructors in `const` is very conservative when it sees an `&mut` being created to `x`, and then considers `x` to be always live. See [here](rust-lang#65394 (comment)) for a longer explanation. `const_precise_live_drops` will solve this, so I consider this problem to be tracked by rust-lang#73255.

Cc `@rust-lang/wg-const-eval` `@rust-lang/lang`
Cc rust-lang#57349
Cc rust-lang#80384

Author: matthiaskrgr

Diff for: compiler/rustc_const_eval/messages.ftl

@@ -134,9 +134,6 @@ const_eval_incompatible_return_types =
 const_eval_incompatible_types =
     calling a function with argument of type {$callee_ty} passing data of type {$caller_ty}
 
-const_eval_interior_mutability_borrow =
-    cannot borrow here, since the borrowed element may contain interior mutability
-
 const_eval_interior_mutable_data_refer =
     {const_eval_const_context}s cannot refer to interior mutable data
     .label = this borrow of an interior mutable value may end up in the final value
@@ -230,9 +227,6 @@ const_eval_memory_exhausted =
 const_eval_modified_global =
     modifying a static's initial value from another static's initializer
 
-const_eval_mut_deref =
-    mutation through a reference is not allowed in {const_eval_const_context}s
-
 const_eval_mutable_ptr_in_final = encountered mutable pointer in final value of {const_eval_intern_kind}
 
 const_eval_nested_static_in_thread_local = #[thread_local] does not support implicit nested statics, please create explicit static items and refer to them instead
@@ -363,10 +357,6 @@ const_eval_too_generic =
 const_eval_too_many_caller_args =
     calling a function with more arguments than it expected
 
-const_eval_transient_mut_borrow = mutable references are not allowed in {const_eval_const_context}s
-
-const_eval_transient_mut_raw = raw mutable pointers are not allowed in {const_eval_const_context}s
-
 const_eval_try_block_from_output_non_const =
     `try` block cannot convert `{$ty}` to the result in {const_eval_const_context}s
 const_eval_unallowed_fn_pointer_call = function pointer calls are not allowed in {const_eval_const_context}s

Diff for: compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/check_consts/check.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_infer::traits::{ImplSource, Obligation, ObligationCause};
-use rustc_middle::mir::{self, CallSource};
+use rustc_middle::mir::CallSource;
 use rustc_middle::span_bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::{with_no_trimmed_paths, PrintTraitRefExt as _};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
@@ -391,27 +391,12 @@ impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for LiveDrop<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-/// A borrow of a type that contains an `UnsafeCell` somewhere. The borrow never escapes to
-/// the final value of the constant.
-pub(crate) struct TransientCellBorrow;
-impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for TransientCellBorrow {
-    fn status_in_item(&self, _: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>) -> Status {
-        Status::Unstable(sym::const_refs_to_cell)
-    }
-    fn build_error(&self, ccx: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>, span: Span) -> Diag<'tcx> {
-        ccx.tcx
-            .sess
-            .create_feature_err(errors::InteriorMutabilityBorrow { span }, sym::const_refs_to_cell)
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
 /// A borrow of a type that contains an `UnsafeCell` somewhere. The borrow might escape to
 /// the final value of the constant, and thus we cannot allow this (for now). We may allow
 /// it in the future for static items.
-pub(crate) struct CellBorrow;
-impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for CellBorrow {
+pub(crate) struct EscapingCellBorrow;
+impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for EscapingCellBorrow {
     fn importance(&self) -> DiagImportance {
         // Most likely the code will try to do mutation with these borrows, which
         // triggers its own errors. Only show this one if that does not happen.
@@ -431,9 +416,9 @@ impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for CellBorrow {
 /// This op is for `&mut` borrows in the trailing expression of a constant
 /// which uses the "enclosing scopes rule" to leak its locals into anonymous
 /// static or const items.
-pub(crate) struct MutBorrow(pub hir::BorrowKind);
+pub(crate) struct EscapingMutBorrow(pub hir::BorrowKind);
 
-impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for MutBorrow {
+impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for EscapingMutBorrow {
     fn status_in_item(&self, _ccx: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>) -> Status {
         Status::Forbidden
     }
@@ -460,49 +445,6 @@ impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for MutBorrow {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct TransientMutBorrow(pub hir::BorrowKind);
-
-impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for TransientMutBorrow {
-    fn status_in_item(&self, _: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>) -> Status {
-        Status::Unstable(sym::const_mut_refs)
-    }
-
-    fn build_error(&self, ccx: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>, span: Span) -> Diag<'tcx> {
-        let kind = ccx.const_kind();
-        match self.0 {
-            hir::BorrowKind::Raw => ccx
-                .tcx
-                .sess
-                .create_feature_err(errors::TransientMutRawErr { span, kind }, sym::const_mut_refs),
-            hir::BorrowKind::Ref => ccx.tcx.sess.create_feature_err(
-                errors::TransientMutBorrowErr { span, kind },
-                sym::const_mut_refs,
-            ),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct MutDeref;
-impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for MutDeref {
-    fn status_in_item(&self, _: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>) -> Status {
-        Status::Unstable(sym::const_mut_refs)
-    }
-
-    fn importance(&self) -> DiagImportance {
-        // Usually a side-effect of a `TransientMutBorrow` somewhere.
-        DiagImportance::Secondary
-    }
-
-    fn build_error(&self, ccx: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>, span: Span) -> Diag<'tcx> {
-        ccx.tcx.sess.create_feature_err(
-            errors::MutDerefErr { span, kind: ccx.const_kind() },
-            sym::const_mut_refs,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
 /// A call to a `panic()` lang item where the first argument is _not_ a `&str`.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct PanicNonStr;
@@ -524,24 +466,6 @@ impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for RawPtrComparison {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct RawMutPtrDeref;
-impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for RawMutPtrDeref {
-    fn status_in_item(&self, _: &ConstCx<'_, '_>) -> Status {
-        Status::Unstable(sym::const_mut_refs)
-    }
-
-    #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)] // FIXME: make this translatable
-    fn build_error(&self, ccx: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>, span: Span) -> Diag<'tcx> {
-        feature_err(
-            &ccx.tcx.sess,
-            sym::const_mut_refs,
-            span,
-            format!("dereferencing raw mutable pointers in {}s is unstable", ccx.const_kind(),),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
 /// Casting raw pointer or function pointer to an integer.
 /// Not currently intended to ever be allowed, even behind a feature gate: operation depends on
 /// allocation base addresses that are not known at compile-time.
@@ -588,33 +512,3 @@ impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for ThreadLocalAccess {
         ccx.dcx().create_err(errors::ThreadLocalAccessErr { span })
     }
 }
-
-/// Types that cannot appear in the signature or locals of a `const fn`.
-pub(crate) mod mut_ref {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    pub(crate) struct MutRef(pub mir::LocalKind);
-    impl<'tcx> NonConstOp<'tcx> for MutRef {
-        fn status_in_item(&self, _ccx: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>) -> Status {
-            Status::Unstable(sym::const_mut_refs)
-        }
-
-        fn importance(&self) -> DiagImportance {
-            match self.0 {
-                mir::LocalKind::Temp => DiagImportance::Secondary,
-                mir::LocalKind::ReturnPointer | mir::LocalKind::Arg => DiagImportance::Primary,
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[allow(rustc::untranslatable_diagnostic)] // FIXME: make this translatable
-        fn build_error(&self, ccx: &ConstCx<'_, 'tcx>, span: Span) -> Diag<'tcx> {
-            feature_err(
-                &ccx.tcx.sess,
-                sym::const_mut_refs,
-                span,
-                format!("mutable references are not allowed in {}s", ccx.const_kind()),
-            )
-        }
-    }
-}

Diff for: compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/check_consts/ops.rs

@@ -93,30 +93,6 @@ pub(crate) struct PanicNonStrErr {
     pub span: Span,
 }
 
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(const_eval_mut_deref, code = E0658)]
-pub(crate) struct MutDerefErr {
-    #[primary_span]
-    pub span: Span,
-    pub kind: ConstContext,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(const_eval_transient_mut_borrow, code = E0658)]
-pub(crate) struct TransientMutBorrowErr {
-    #[primary_span]
-    pub span: Span,
-    pub kind: ConstContext,
-}
-
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(const_eval_transient_mut_raw, code = E0658)]
-pub(crate) struct TransientMutRawErr {
-    #[primary_span]
-    pub span: Span,
-    pub kind: ConstContext,
-}
-
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(const_eval_max_num_nodes_in_const)]
 pub(crate) struct MaxNumNodesInConstErr {
@@ -217,13 +193,6 @@ pub(crate) struct InteriorMutableDataRefer {
     pub teach: bool,
 }
 
-#[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(const_eval_interior_mutability_borrow)]
-pub(crate) struct InteriorMutabilityBorrow {
-    #[primary_span]
-    pub span: Span,
-}
-
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
 #[diag(const_eval_long_running)]
 #[note]

Diff for: compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/errors.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ A mutable reference was used in a constant.
 Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0764
-#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
-
 fn main() {
     const OH_NO: &'static mut usize = &mut 1; // error!
 }
@@ -26,8 +24,6 @@ Remember: you cannot use a function call inside a constant or static. However,
 you can totally use it in constant functions:
 
 ```
-#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
-
 const fn foo(x: usize) -> usize {
     let mut y = 1;
     let z = &mut y;

Diff for: compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0764.md

@@ -143,10 +143,14 @@ declare_features! (
     (accepted, const_let, "1.33.0", Some(48821)),
     /// Allows the use of `loop` and `while` in constants.
     (accepted, const_loop, "1.46.0", Some(52000)),
+    /// Allows using `&mut` in constant functions.
+    (accepted, const_mut_refs, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(57349)),
     /// Allows panicking during const eval (producing compile-time errors).
     (accepted, const_panic, "1.57.0", Some(51999)),
     /// Allows dereferencing raw pointers during const eval.
     (accepted, const_raw_ptr_deref, "1.58.0", Some(51911)),
+    /// Allows references to types with interior mutability within constants
+    (accepted, const_refs_to_cell, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(80384)),
     /// Allows implementing `Copy` for closures where possible (RFC 2132).
     (accepted, copy_closures, "1.26.0", Some(44490)),
     /// Allows `crate` in paths.

Diff for: compiler/rustc_feature/src/accepted.rs

@@ -403,12 +403,8 @@ declare_features! (
     (incomplete, const_closures, "1.68.0", Some(106003)),
     /// Allows `for _ in _` loops in const contexts.
     (unstable, const_for, "1.56.0", Some(87575)),
-    /// Allows using `&mut` in constant functions.
-    (unstable, const_mut_refs, "1.41.0", Some(57349)),
     /// Be more precise when looking for live drops in a const context.
     (unstable, const_precise_live_drops, "1.46.0", Some(73255)),
-    /// Allows references to types with interior mutability within constants
-    (unstable, const_refs_to_cell, "1.51.0", Some(80384)),
     /// Allows creating pointers and references to `static` items in constants.
     (unstable, const_refs_to_static, "1.78.0", Some(119618)),
     /// Allows `impl const Trait for T` syntax.

Diff for: compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs

@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@
 #![feature(const_maybe_uninit_write)]
 #![feature(const_option)]
 #![feature(const_pin)]
-#![feature(const_refs_to_cell)]
 #![feature(const_size_of_val)]
 #![feature(core_intrinsics)]
 #![feature(deprecated_suggestion)]
@@ -164,13 +163,14 @@
 //
 // Language features:
 // tidy-alphabetical-start
+#![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(const_mut_refs))]
+#![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(const_refs_to_cell))]
 #![cfg_attr(not(test), feature(coroutine_trait))]
 #![cfg_attr(test, feature(panic_update_hook))]
 #![cfg_attr(test, feature(test))]
 #![feature(allocator_internals)]
 #![feature(allow_internal_unstable)]
 #![feature(cfg_sanitize)]
-#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
 #![feature(const_precise_live_drops)]
 #![feature(const_ptr_write)]
 #![feature(const_try)]

Diff for: library/alloc/src/lib.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #![feature(cow_is_borrowed)]
 #![feature(const_cow_is_borrowed)]
 #![feature(const_heap)]
-#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
+#![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(const_mut_refs))]
 #![feature(const_slice_from_raw_parts_mut)]
 #![feature(const_ptr_write)]
 #![feature(const_try)]

Diff for: library/alloc/tests/lib.rs

@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@
 //
 // Language features:
 // tidy-alphabetical-start
+#![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(const_mut_refs))]
+#![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(const_refs_to_cell))]
 #![feature(abi_unadjusted)]
 #![feature(adt_const_params)]
 #![feature(allow_internal_unsafe)]
@@ -201,9 +203,7 @@
 #![feature(cfg_target_has_atomic_equal_alignment)]
 #![feature(cfg_ub_checks)]
 #![feature(const_for)]
-#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
 #![feature(const_precise_live_drops)]
-#![feature(const_refs_to_cell)]
 #![feature(decl_macro)]
 #![feature(deprecated_suggestion)]
 #![feature(doc_cfg)]

Diff for: library/core/src/lib.rs

@@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
     ///
     /// ```
     /// #![feature(const_pointer_is_aligned)]
-    /// #![feature(const_mut_refs)]
+    /// # #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(const_mut_refs))]
     ///
     /// // On some platforms, the alignment of primitives is less than their size.
     /// #[repr(align(4))]
@@ -1695,7 +1695,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
     /// ```
     /// #![feature(pointer_is_aligned_to)]
     /// #![feature(const_pointer_is_aligned)]
-    /// #![feature(const_mut_refs)]
+    /// # #![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(const_mut_refs))]
     ///
     /// // On some platforms, the alignment of i32 is less than 4.
     /// #[repr(align(4))]

Diff for: library/core/src/ptr/mut_ptr.rs

@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ impl<T> [T] {
     /// [`as_mut_ptr`]: slice::as_mut_ptr
     #[stable(feature = "slice_ptr_range", since = "1.48.0")]
     #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_ptr_offset", since = "1.61.0")]
-    #[rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(const_mut_refs)]
+    #[cfg_attr(bootstrap, rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable(const_mut_refs, const_refs_to_cell))]
     #[inline]
     #[must_use]
     pub const fn as_mut_ptr_range(&mut self) -> Range<*mut T> {

Diff for: library/core/src/slice/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // tidy-alphabetical-start
+#![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(const_mut_refs))]
 #![cfg_attr(target_has_atomic = "128", feature(integer_atomics))]
 #![cfg_attr(test, feature(cfg_match))]
 #![feature(alloc_layout_extra)]
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@
 #![feature(const_ipv6)]
 #![feature(const_likely)]
 #![feature(const_maybe_uninit_as_mut_ptr)]
-#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
 #![feature(const_nonnull_new)]
 #![feature(const_option)]
 #![feature(const_option_ext)]

Diff for: library/core/tests/lib.rs

@@ -272,6 +272,7 @@
 //
 // Language features:
 // tidy-alphabetical-start
+#![cfg_attr(bootstrap, feature(const_mut_refs))]
 #![feature(alloc_error_handler)]
 #![feature(allocator_internals)]
 #![feature(allow_internal_unsafe)]
@@ -281,7 +282,6 @@
 #![feature(cfg_target_thread_local)]
 #![feature(cfi_encoding)]
 #![feature(concat_idents)]
-#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
 #![feature(decl_macro)]
 #![feature(deprecated_suggestion)]
 #![feature(doc_cfg)]