diff --git a/readthedocs/config/config.py b/readthedocs/config/config.py
index e2307b23f8f..68b4d0f62ca 100644
--- a/readthedocs/config/config.py
+++ b/readthedocs/config/config.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import os
 import re
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import lru_cache
 
 from django.conf import settings
 
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@
 from .find import find_one
 from .models import (
     Build,
+    BuildTool,
+    BuildWithTools,
     Conda,
     Mkdocs,
     Python,
@@ -252,14 +255,33 @@ def pop_config(self, key, default=None, raise_ex=False):
     def validate(self):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
+    @property
+    def using_build_tools(self):
+        return isinstance(self.build, BuildWithTools)
+
     @property
     def python_interpreter(self):
+        if self.using_build_tools:
+            tool = self.build.tools.get('python')
+            if tool and tool.version.startswith('mamba'):
+                return 'mamba'
+            if tool and tool.version.startswith('miniconda'):
+                return 'conda'
+            if tool:
+                return 'python'
+            return None
         version = self.python_full_version
         if version.startswith('pypy'):
             # Allow to specify ``pypy3.5`` as Python interpreter
             return version
         return f'python{version}'
 
+    @property
+    def docker_image(self):
+        if self.using_build_tools:
+            return self.settings['os'][self.build.os]
+        return self.build.image
+
     @property
     def python_full_version(self):
         version = self.python.version
@@ -618,6 +640,7 @@ def conda(self):
         return None
 
     @property
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1)
     def build(self):
         """The docker image used by the builders."""
         return Build(**self._config['build'])
@@ -671,6 +694,10 @@ class BuildConfigV2(BuildConfigBase):
         'singlehtml': 'sphinx_singlehtml',
     }
 
+    @property
+    def settings(self):
+        return settings.RTD_DOCKER_BUILD_SETTINGS
+
     def validate(self):
         """
         Validates and process ``raw_config`` and ``env_config``.
@@ -723,15 +750,52 @@ def validate_conda(self):
             conda['environment'] = validate_path(environment, self.base_path)
         return conda
 
-    def validate_build(self):
+    def validate_build_config_with_tools(self):
         """
-        Validates the build object.
+        Validates the build object (new format).
+
+        At least one element must be provided in ``build.tools``.
+        """
+        build = {}
+        with self.catch_validation_error('build.os'):
+            build_os = self.pop_config('build.os', raise_ex=True)
+            build['os'] = validate_choice(build_os, self.settings['os'].keys())
+
+        tools = {}
+        with self.catch_validation_error('build.tools'):
+            tools = self.pop_config('build.tools')
+            validate_dict(tools)
+            for tool in tools.keys():
+                validate_choice(tool, self.settings['tools'].keys())
+
+        if not tools:
+            self.error(
+                key='build.tools',
+                message=(
+                    'At least one tools of [{}] must be provided.'.format(
+                        ' ,'.join(self.settings['tools'].keys())
+                    )
+                ),
+                code=CONFIG_REQUIRED,
+            )
+
+        build['tools'] = {}
+        for tool, version in tools.items():
+            with self.catch_validation_error(f'build.tools.{tool}'):
+                build['tools'][tool] = validate_choice(
+                    version,
+                    self.settings['tools'][tool].keys(),
+                )
+
+        build['apt_packages'] = self.validate_apt_packages()
+        return build
+
+    def validate_old_build_config(self):
+        """
+        Validates the build object (old format).
 
         It prioritizes the value from the default image if exists.
         """
-        raw_build = self._raw_config.get('build', {})
-        with self.catch_validation_error('build'):
-            validate_dict(raw_build)
         build = {}
         with self.catch_validation_error('build.image'):
             image = self.pop_config('build.image', self.default_build_image)
@@ -748,6 +812,11 @@ def validate_build(self):
             if config_image:
                 build['image'] = config_image
 
+        build['apt_packages'] = self.validate_apt_packages()
+        return build
+
+    def validate_apt_packages(self):
+        apt_packages = []
         with self.catch_validation_error('build.apt_packages'):
             raw_packages = self._raw_config.get('build', {}).get('apt_packages', [])
             validate_list(raw_packages)
@@ -756,14 +825,22 @@ def validate_build(self):
                 list_to_dict(raw_packages)
             )
 
-            build['apt_packages'] = [
+            apt_packages = [
                 self.validate_apt_package(index)
                 for index in range(len(raw_packages))
             ]
             if not raw_packages:
                 self.pop_config('build.apt_packages')
 
-        return build
+        return apt_packages
+
+    def validate_build(self):
+        raw_build = self._raw_config.get('build', {})
+        with self.catch_validation_error('build'):
+            validate_dict(raw_build)
+        if 'os' in raw_build:
+            return self.validate_build_config_with_tools()
+        return self.validate_old_build_config()
 
     def validate_apt_package(self, index):
         """
@@ -821,24 +898,27 @@ def validate_python(self):
         .. note::
            - ``version`` can be a string or number type.
            - ``extra_requirements`` needs to be used with ``install: 'pip'``.
+           - If the new build config is used (``build.os``),
+             ``python.version`` shouldn't exist.
         """
         raw_python = self._raw_config.get('python', {})
         with self.catch_validation_error('python'):
             validate_dict(raw_python)
 
         python = {}
-        with self.catch_validation_error('python.version'):
-            version = self.pop_config('python.version', '3')
-            if version == 3.1:
-                # Special case for ``python.version: 3.10``,
-                # yaml will transform this to the numeric value of `3.1`.
-                # Save some frustration to users.
-                version = '3.10'
-            version = str(version)
-            python['version'] = validate_choice(
-                version,
-                self.get_valid_python_versions(),
-            )
+        if not self.using_build_tools:
+            with self.catch_validation_error('python.version'):
+                version = self.pop_config('python.version', '3')
+                if version == 3.1:
+                    # Special case for ``python.version: 3.10``,
+                    # yaml will transform this to the numeric value of `3.1`.
+                    # Save some frustration to users.
+                    version = '3.10'
+                version = str(version)
+                python['version'] = validate_choice(
+                    version,
+                    self.get_valid_python_versions(),
+                )
 
         with self.catch_validation_error('python.install'):
             raw_install = self._raw_config.get('python', {}).get('install', [])
@@ -1172,8 +1252,23 @@ def conda(self):
         return None
 
     @property
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1)
     def build(self):
-        return Build(**self._config['build'])
+        build = self._config['build']
+        if 'os' in build:
+            tools = {
+                tool: BuildTool(
+                    version=version,
+                    full_version=self.settings['tools'][tool][version],
+                )
+                for tool, version in build['tools'].items()
+            }
+            return BuildWithTools(
+                os=build['os'],
+                tools=tools,
+                apt_packages=build['apt_packages'],
+            )
+        return Build(**build)
 
     @property
     def python(self):
@@ -1185,7 +1280,7 @@ def python(self):
             elif 'path' in install:
                 python_install.append(PythonInstall(**install),)
         return Python(
-            version=python['version'],
+            version=python.get('version'),
             install=python_install,
             use_system_site_packages=python['use_system_site_packages'],
         )
diff --git a/readthedocs/config/models.py b/readthedocs/config/models.py
index 95159940f0f..8e0ed70881a 100644
--- a/readthedocs/config/models.py
+++ b/readthedocs/config/models.py
@@ -35,6 +35,20 @@ def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
 
+class BuildWithTools(Base):
+
+    __slots__ = ('os', 'tools', 'apt_packages')
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault('apt_packages', [])
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+
+class BuildTool(Base):
+
+    __slots__ = ('version', 'full_version')
+
+
 class Python(Base):
 
     __slots__ = ('version', 'install', 'use_system_site_packages')
diff --git a/readthedocs/config/tests/test_config.py b/readthedocs/config/tests/test_config.py
index 56d832befd6..4068c3c9ced 100644
--- a/readthedocs/config/tests/test_config.py
+++ b/readthedocs/config/tests/test_config.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import os
+from django.conf import settings
 import re
 import textwrap
 from collections import OrderedDict
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@
     VERSION_INVALID,
 )
 from readthedocs.config.models import (
+    Build,
+    BuildWithTools,
     Conda,
     PythonInstall,
     PythonInstallRequirements,
@@ -904,6 +907,8 @@ def test_build_image_over_empty_default(self, image):
     def test_build_image_default_value(self):
         build = self.get_build_config({})
         build.validate()
+        assert not build.using_build_tools
+        assert isinstance(build.build, Build)
         assert build.build.image == 'readthedocs/build:latest'
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('value', [3, [], 'invalid'])
@@ -920,6 +925,93 @@ def test_build_image_check_invalid_type(self, value):
             build.validate()
         assert excinfo.value.key == 'build.image'
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('value', ['', None, 'latest'])
+    def test_new_build_config_invalid_os(self, value):
+        build = self.get_build_config(
+            {
+                'build': {
+                    'os': value,
+                    'tools': {'python': '3'},
+                },
+            },
+        )
+        with raises(InvalidConfig) as excinfo:
+            build.validate()
+        assert excinfo.value.key == 'build.os'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('value', ['', None, 'python', ['python', 'nodejs'], {}, {'cobol': '99'}])
+    def test_new_build_config_invalid_tools(self, value):
+        build = self.get_build_config(
+            {
+                'build': {
+                    'os': 'ubuntu-20.04',
+                    'tools': value,
+                },
+            },
+        )
+        with raises(InvalidConfig) as excinfo:
+            build.validate()
+        assert excinfo.value.key == 'build.tools'
+
+    def test_new_build_config_invalid_tools_version(self):
+        build = self.get_build_config(
+            {
+                'build': {
+                    'os': 'ubuntu-20.04',
+                    'tools': {'python': '2.6'},
+                },
+            },
+        )
+        with raises(InvalidConfig) as excinfo:
+            build.validate()
+        assert excinfo.value.key == 'build.tools.python'
+
+    def test_new_build_config(self):
+        build = self.get_build_config(
+            {
+                'build': {
+                    'os': 'ubuntu-20.04',
+                    'tools': {'python': '3.9'},
+                },
+            },
+        )
+        build.validate()
+        assert build.using_build_tools
+        assert isinstance(build.build, BuildWithTools)
+        assert build.build.os == 'ubuntu-20.04'
+        assert build.build.tools['python'].version == '3.9'
+        full_version = settings.RTD_DOCKER_BUILD_SETTINGS['tools']['python']['3.9']
+        assert build.build.tools['python'].full_version == full_version
+        assert build.python_interpreter == 'python'
+
+    def test_new_build_config_conflict_with_build_image(self):
+        build = self.get_build_config(
+            {
+                'build': {
+                    'image': 'latest',
+                    'os': 'ubuntu-20.04',
+                    'tools': {'python': '3.9'},
+                },
+            },
+        )
+        with raises(InvalidConfig) as excinfo:
+            build.validate()
+        assert excinfo.value.key == 'build.image'
+
+    def test_new_build_config_conflict_with_build_python_version(self):
+        build = self.get_build_config(
+            {
+                'build': {
+                    'os': 'ubuntu-20.04',
+                    'tools': {'python': '3.8'},
+                },
+                'python': {'version': '3.8'},
+            },
+        )
+        with raises(InvalidConfig) as excinfo:
+            build.validate()
+        assert excinfo.value.key == 'python.version'
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         'value',
         [
@@ -2163,3 +2255,73 @@ def test_as_dict(self, tmpdir):
             },
         }
         assert build.as_dict() == expected_dict
+
+    def test_as_dict_new_build_config(self, tmpdir):
+        build = self.get_build_config(
+            {
+                'version': 2,
+                'formats': ['pdf'],
+                'build': {
+                    'os': 'ubuntu-20.04',
+                    'tools': {
+                        'python': '3.9',
+                        'nodejs': '16',
+                    },
+                },
+                'python': {
+                    'install': [{
+                        'requirements': 'requirements.txt',
+                    }],
+                },
+            },
+            source_file=str(tmpdir.join('readthedocs.yml')),
+        )
+        build.validate()
+        expected_dict = {
+            'version': '2',
+            'formats': ['pdf'],
+            'python': {
+                'version': None,
+                'install': [{
+                    'requirements': 'requirements.txt',
+                }],
+                'use_system_site_packages': False,
+            },
+            'build': {
+                'os': 'ubuntu-20.04',
+                'tools': {
+                    'python': {
+                        'version': '3.9',
+                        'full_version': settings.RTD_DOCKER_BUILD_SETTINGS['tools']['python']['3.9'],
+                    },
+                    'nodejs': {
+                        'version': '16',
+                        'full_version': settings.RTD_DOCKER_BUILD_SETTINGS['tools']['nodejs']['16'],
+                    },
+                },
+                'apt_packages': [],
+            },
+            'conda': None,
+            'sphinx': {
+                'builder': 'sphinx',
+                'configuration': None,
+                'fail_on_warning': False,
+            },
+            'mkdocs': None,
+            'doctype': 'sphinx',
+            'submodules': {
+                'include': [],
+                'exclude': ALL,
+                'recursive': False,
+            },
+            'search': {
+                'ranking': {},
+                'ignore': [
+                    'search.html',
+                    'search/index.html',
+                    '404.html',
+                    '404/index.html',
+                ],
+            },
+        }
+        assert build.as_dict() == expected_dict
diff --git a/readthedocs/rtd_tests/fixtures/spec/v2/schema.json b/readthedocs/rtd_tests/fixtures/spec/v2/schema.json
index cb91c6b7e98..d0fe4bb8cdc 100644
--- a/readthedocs/rtd_tests/fixtures/spec/v2/schema.json
+++ b/readthedocs/rtd_tests/fixtures/spec/v2/schema.json
@@ -54,27 +54,97 @@
       "title": "Build",
       "description": "Configuration for the documentation build process.",
       "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "image": {
-          "title": "Image",
-          "description": "The build docker image to be used.",
-          "enum": [
-            "stable",
-            "latest"
-          ],
-          "default": "latest"
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "properties": {
+            "image": {
+              "title": "Image",
+              "description": "The build docker image to be used.",
+              "enum": [
+                "stable",
+                "latest"
+              ],
+              "default": "latest"
+            },
+            "apt_packages": {
+              "title": "APT Packages",
+              "description": "List of packages to be installed with apt-get.",
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "title": "APT Package",
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "default": []
+            }
+          },
+          "additionalProperties": false
         },
-        "apt_packages": {
-          "title": "APT Packages",
-          "description": "List of packages to be installed with apt-get.",
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "title": "APT Package",
-            "type": "string"
+        {
+          "properties": {
+            "os": {
+              "title": "Operating System",
+              "description": "Operating system to be used in the build.",
+              "enum": [
+                "ubuntu-20.04"
+              ]
+            },
+            "tools": {
+              "title": "Tools",
+              "description": "Tools and their version to be used in the build.",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {
+                "python": {
+                  "enum": [
+                    "2.7",
+                    "3",
+                    "3.6",
+                    "3.7",
+                    "3.8",
+                    "3.9",
+                    "3.10",
+                    "pypy3.7",
+                    "miniconda3-4.7",
+                    "mambaforge-4.10"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "nodejs": {
+                  "enum": [
+                    "14",
+                    "16"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "rust": {
+                  "enum": [
+                    "1.55"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "golang": {
+                  "enum": [
+                    "1.17"
+                  ]
+                }
+              },
+              "minProperties": 1,
+              "additionalProperties": false
+            },
+            "apt_packages": {
+              "title": "APT Packages",
+              "description": "List of packages to be installed with apt-get.",
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "title": "APT Package",
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "default": []
+            }
           },
-          "default": []
+          "required": [
+            "os",
+            "tools"
+          ],
+          "additionalProperties": false
         }
-      }
+      ]
     },
     "python": {
       "title": "Python",
@@ -156,7 +226,8 @@
             ]
           }
         }
-      }
+      },
+      "additionalProperties": false
     },
     "sphinx": {
       "title": "Sphix",
@@ -184,7 +255,8 @@
           "type": "boolean",
           "default": false
         }
-      }
+      },
+      "additionalProperties": false
     },
     "mkdocs": {
       "title": "mkdocs",
@@ -202,7 +274,8 @@
           "type": "boolean",
           "default": false
         }
-      }
+      },
+      "additionalProperties": false
     },
     "submodules": {
       "title": "Submodules",
@@ -251,7 +324,8 @@
           "type": "boolean",
           "default": false
         }
-      }
+      },
+      "additionalProperties": false
     },
     "search": {
       "title": "search",
@@ -281,10 +355,12 @@
             "404/index.html"
           ]
         }
-      }
+      },
+      "additionalProperties": false
     }
   },
   "required": [
     "version"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "additionalProperties": false
 }
diff --git a/readthedocs/settings/base.py b/readthedocs/settings/base.py
index 85cf6f2cbb4..ab8e1be8883 100644
--- a/readthedocs/settings/base.py
+++ b/readthedocs/settings/base.py
@@ -520,6 +520,41 @@ def TEMPLATES(self):
     # Additional binds for the build container
     RTD_DOCKER_ADDITIONAL_BINDS = {}
 
+    # When updating this options,
+    # update the readthedocs/rtd_tests/fixtures/spec/v2/schema.json file as well.
+    RTD_DOCKER_BUILD_SETTINGS = {
+        # Mapping of build.os options to docker image.
+        'os': {
+            'ubuntu-20.04': f'{DOCKER_DEFAULT_IMAGE}:ubuntu20',
+        },
+        # Mapping of build.tools options to specific versions.
+        'tools': {
+            'python': {
+                '2.7': '2.7.18',
+                '3.6': '3.6.15',
+                '3.7': '3.7.12',
+                '3.8': '3.8.12',
+                '3.9': '3.9.7',
+                '3.10': '3.10.0rc2',
+                'pypy3.7': 'pypy3.7-7.3.5',
+                'miniconda3-4.7': 'miniconda3-4.7.12',
+                'mambaforge-4.10': 'mambaforge-4.10.1-5',
+            },
+            'nodejs': {
+                '14': '14.17.6',
+                '16': '16.9.1',
+            },
+            'rust': {
+                '1.55': '1.55.0',
+            },
+            'golang': {
+                '1.17': '1.17.1',
+            },
+        },
+    }
+    # Always point to the latest stable release.
+    RTD_DOCKER_BUILD_SETTINGS['tools']['python']['3'] = RTD_DOCKER_BUILD_SETTINGS['tools']['python']['3.9']
+
     def _get_docker_memory_limit(self):
         try:
             total_memory = int(subprocess.check_output(