bpo-44806: Fix __init__ in subclasses of protocols (GH-27545)

Non-protocol subclasses of protocol ignore now the __init__ method
inherited from protocol base classes.

Author: serhiy-storchaka

Diff for: Lib/test/test_typing.py

@@ -881,6 +881,9 @@ class P(Protocol): pass
         class C(P): pass
 
         self.assertIsInstance(C(), C)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            C(42)
+
         T = TypeVar('T')
 
         class PG(Protocol[T]): pass
@@ -895,6 +898,8 @@ class PG(Protocol[T]): pass
         class CG(PG[T]): pass
 
         self.assertIsInstance(CG[int](), CG)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            CG[int](42)
 
     def test_cannot_instantiate_abstract(self):
         @runtime_checkable
@@ -1322,6 +1327,37 @@ def __init__(self):
 
         self.assertEqual(C[int]().test, 'OK')
 
+        class B:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.test = 'OK'
+
+        class D1(B, P[T]):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(D1[int]().test, 'OK')
+
+        class D2(P[T], B):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(D2[int]().test, 'OK')
+
+    def test_new_called(self):
+        T = TypeVar('T')
+
+        class P(Protocol[T]): pass
+
+        class C(P[T]):
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                self = super().__new__(cls, *args)
+                self.test = 'OK'
+                return self
+
+        self.assertEqual(C[int]().test, 'OK')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            C[int](42)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            C[int](a=42)
+
     def test_protocols_bad_subscripts(self):
         T = TypeVar('T')
         S = TypeVar('S')

Diff for: Lib/typing.py

@@ -1381,8 +1381,7 @@ def _is_callable_members_only(cls):
 
 
 def _no_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
-    if type(self)._is_protocol:
-        raise TypeError('Protocols cannot be instantiated')
+    raise TypeError('Protocols cannot be instantiated')
 
 def _caller(depth=1, default='__main__'):
     try:
@@ -1522,6 +1521,15 @@ def _proto_hook(other):
 
         # We have nothing more to do for non-protocols...
         if not cls._is_protocol:
+            if cls.__init__ == _no_init:
+                for base in cls.__mro__:
+                    init = base.__dict__.get('__init__', _no_init)
+                    if init != _no_init:
+                        cls.__init__ = init
+                        break
+                else:
+                    # should not happen
+                    cls.__init__ = object.__init__
             return
 
         # ... otherwise check consistency of bases, and prohibit instantiation.

Diff for: Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2021-08-02-14-37-32.bpo-44806.wOW_Qn.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Non-protocol subclasses of :class:`typing.Protocol` ignore now the
+``__init__`` method inherited from protocol base classes.