lines-on-maps.md

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jupytext kernelspec language_info plotly notebook_metadata_filter text_representation all extension format_name format_version jupytext_version .md markdown 1.1 1.1.1 display_name language name Python 3 python python3 codemirror_mode file_extension mimetype name nbconvert_exporter pygments_lexer version name version ipython 3 .py text/x-python python python ipython3 3.6.7 description display_as language layout name order page_type permalink thumbnail How to draw lines, great circles, and contours on maps in Python. maps python base Lines on Maps 7 u-guide python/lines-on-maps/ thumbnail/flight-paths.jpg

Below we show how to create geographical line plots using either Plotly Express with px.line_geo function or the lower-level go.Scattergeo object.

Base Map Configuration

Plotly figures made with px.scatter_geo, px.line_geo or px.choropleth functions or containing go.Choropleth or go.Scattergeo graph objects have a go.layout.Geo object which can be used to control the appearance of the base map onto which data is plotted.

Lines on Maps with Plotly Express

Plotly Express is the easy-to-use, high-level interface to Plotly, which operates on "tidy" data and produces easy-to-style figures.

import plotly.express as px
df = px.data.gapminder().query("year == 2007")
fig = px.line_geo(df, locations="iso_alpha",
                  color="continent", # "continent" is one of the columns of gapminder
                  projection="orthographic")
fig.show()

Lines on Maps with plotly.graph_objects

US Flight Paths Map

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import pandas as pd

df_airports = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/2011_february_us_airport_traffic.csv')
df_airports.head()

df_flight_paths = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/2011_february_aa_flight_paths.csv')
df_flight_paths.head()

fig = go.Figure()

fig.add_trace(go.Scattergeo(
    locationmode = 'USA-states',
    lon = df_airports['long'],
    lat = df_airports['lat'],
    hoverinfo = 'text',
    text = df_airports['airport'],
    mode = 'markers',
    marker = dict(
        size = 2,
        color = 'rgb(255, 0, 0)',
        line = dict(
            width = 3,
            color = 'rgba(68, 68, 68, 0)'
        )
    )))

flight_paths = []
for i in range(len(df_flight_paths)):
    fig.add_trace(
        go.Scattergeo(
            locationmode = 'USA-states',
            lon = [df_flight_paths['start_lon'][i], df_flight_paths['end_lon'][i]],
            lat = [df_flight_paths['start_lat'][i], df_flight_paths['end_lat'][i]],
            mode = 'lines',
            line = dict(width = 1,color = 'red'),
            opacity = float(df_flight_paths['cnt'][i]) / float(df_flight_paths['cnt'].max()),
        )
    )

fig.update_layout(
    title_text = 'Feb. 2011 American Airline flight paths<br>(Hover for airport names)',
    showlegend = False,
    geo = dict(
        scope = 'north america',
        projection_type = 'azimuthal equal area',
        showland = True,
        landcolor = 'rgb(243, 243, 243)',
        countrycolor = 'rgb(204, 204, 204)',
    ),
)

fig.show()

London to NYC Great Circle

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure(data=go.Scattergeo(
    lat = [40.7127, 51.5072],
    lon = [-74.0059, 0.1275],
    mode = 'lines',
    line = dict(width = 2, color = 'blue'),
))

fig.update_layout(
    title_text = 'London to NYC Great Circle',
    showlegend = False,
    geo = dict(
        resolution = 50,
        showland = True,
        showlakes = True,
        landcolor = 'rgb(204, 204, 204)',
        countrycolor = 'rgb(204, 204, 204)',
        lakecolor = 'rgb(255, 255, 255)',
        projection_type = "equirectangular",
        coastlinewidth = 2,
        lataxis = dict(
            range = [20, 60],
            showgrid = True,
            dtick = 10
        ),
        lonaxis = dict(
            range = [-100, 20],
            showgrid = True,
            dtick = 20
        ),
    )
)

fig.show()

Contour lines on globe

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/globe_contours.csv')
df.head()


scl = ['rgb(213,62,79)', 'rgb(244,109,67)', 'rgb(253,174,97)', \
    'rgb(254,224,139)', 'rgb(255,255,191)', 'rgb(230,245,152)', \
    'rgb(171,221,164)', 'rgb(102,194,165)', 'rgb(50,136,189)'
]
n_colors = len(scl)

fig = go.Figure()

for i, (lat, lon) in enumerate(zip(df.columns[::2], df.columns[1::2])):
    fig.add_trace(go.Scattergeo(
        lon = df[lon],
        lat = df[lat],
        mode = 'lines',
        line = dict(width = 2, color = scl[i % n_colors]
        )))

fig.update_layout(
    title_text = 'Contour lines over globe<br>(Click and drag to rotate)',
    showlegend = False,
    geo = dict(
        showland = True,
        showcountries = True,
        showocean = True,
        countrywidth = 0.5,
        landcolor = 'rgb(230, 145, 56)',
        lakecolor = 'rgb(0, 255, 255)',
        oceancolor = 'rgb(0, 255, 255)',
        projection = dict(
            type = 'orthographic',
            rotation = dict(
                lon = -100,
                lat = 40,
                roll = 0
            )
        ),
        lonaxis = dict(
            showgrid = True,
            gridcolor = 'rgb(102, 102, 102)',
            gridwidth = 0.5
        ),
        lataxis = dict(
            showgrid = True,
            gridcolor = 'rgb(102, 102, 102)',
            gridwidth = 0.5
        )
    )
)

fig.show()

Reference

See https://plotly.com/python/reference/#scattergeo for more information and chart attribute options!