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shapes.md

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jupyter
jupytext kernelspec language_info plotly
notebook_metadata_filter text_representation
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extension format_name format_version jupytext_version
.md
markdown
1.2
1.3.2
display_name language name
Python 3
python
python3
codemirror_mode file_extension mimetype name nbconvert_exporter pygments_lexer version
name version
ipython
3
.py
text/x-python
python
python
ipython3
3.7.3
description display_as language layout name order permalink thumbnail
How to make SVG shapes in python. Examples of lines, circle, rectangle, and path.
file_settings
python
base
Shapes
24
python/shapes/
thumbnail/shape.jpg

Filled Area Chart

There are two ways to draw filled shapes: scatter traces and layout.shapes which is mostly useful for the 2d subplots, and defines the shape type to be drawn, and can be rectangle, circle, line, or path (a custom SVG path). You also can use scatterpolar, scattergeo, scattermapbox to draw filled shapes on any kind of subplots. To set an area to be filled with a solid color, you need to define Scatter.fill="toself" that connects the endpoints of the trace into a closed shape. If mode=line (default value), then you need to repeat the initial point of a shape at the of the sequence to have a closed shape.

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure(go.Scatter(x=[0,1,2,0], y=[0,2,0,0], fill="toself"))
fig.show()

You can have more shapes either by adding more traces or interrupting the series with None.

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure(go.Scatter(x=[0,1,2,0,None,3,3,5,5,3], y=[0,2,0,0,None,0.5,1.5,1.5,0.5,0.5], fill="toself"))
fig.show()

Vertical and Horizontal Lines Positioned Relative to the Axes

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

# Create scatter trace of text labels
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[2, 3.5, 6],
    y=[1, 1.5, 1],
    text=["Vertical Line",
          "Horizontal Dashed Line",
          "Diagonal dotted Line"],
    mode="text",
))

# Set axes ranges
fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 7])
fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 2.5])

# Add shapes
fig.add_shape(
        # Line Vertical
        dict(
            type="line",
            x0=1,
            y0=0,
            x1=1,
            y1=2,
            line=dict(
                color="RoyalBlue",
                width=3
            )
))
fig.add_shape(
        # Line Horizontal
            type="line",
            x0=2,
            y0=2,
            x1=5,
            y1=2,
            line=dict(
                color="LightSeaGreen",
                width=4,
                dash="dashdot",
            ),
    )
fig.add_shape(
        # Line Diagonal
            type="line",
            x0=4,
            y0=0,
            x1=6,
            y1=2,
            line=dict(
                color="MediumPurple",
                width=4,
                dash="dot",
            )
)
fig.update_shapes(dict(xref='x', yref='y'))
fig.show()

Lines Positioned Relative to the Plot & to the Axes

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

# Create scatter trace of text labels
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[2, 6],
    y=[1, 1],
    text=["Line positioned relative to the plot",
          "Line positioned relative to the axes"],
    mode="text",
))

# Set axes ranges
fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 8])
fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 2])

# Add shapes
fig.add_shape(
        # Line reference to the axes
            type="line",
            xref="x",
            yref="y",
            x0=4,
            y0=0,
            x1=8,
            y1=1,
            line=dict(
                color="LightSeaGreen",
                width=3,
            ),
        )
fig.add_shape(
            type="line",
            xref="paper",
            yref="paper",
            x0=0,
            y0=0,
            x1=0.5,
            y1=0.5,
            line=dict(
                color="DarkOrange",
                width=3,
            ),
        )

fig.show()

Creating Tangent Lines with Shapes

import plotly.graph_objects as go

import numpy as np

# Generate data
x0 = np.linspace(1, 3, 200)
y0 = x0 * np.sin(np.power(x0, 2)) + 1

# Create figure with scatter trace
fig = go.Figure()

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=x0,
    y=y0,
))

# Set title text
fig.update_layout(
    title_text="$f(x)=x\\sin(x^2)+1\\\\ f\'(x)=\\sin(x^2)+2x^2\\cos(x^2)$"
)

# Add tangent line shapes
fig.add_shape(
            type="line",
            x0=1,
            y0=2.30756,
            x1=1.75,
            y1=2.30756,
        )
fig.add_shape(
            type="line",
            x0=2.5,
            y0=3.80796,
            x1=3.05,
            y1=3.80796,
        )
fig.add_shape(
            type="line",
            x0=1.90,
            y0=-1.1827,
            x1=2.50,
            y1=-1.1827,
        )
fig.update_shapes(dict(
    xref="x",
    yref="y",
    opacity=0.7,
    line=dict(
        color="Crimson",
        width=2.5,
        )))
fig.show()

Rectangles Positioned Relative to the Axes

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[1.5, 4.5],
    y=[0.75, 0.75],
    text=["Unfilled Rectangle", "Filled Rectangle"],
    mode="text",
))

# Set axes properties
fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 7], showgrid=False)
fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 3.5])

# Add shapes
fig.add_shape(
        # unfilled Rectangle
            type="rect",
            x0=1,
            y0=1,
            x1=2,
            y1=3,
            line=dict(
                color="RoyalBlue",
            ),
        )
fig.add_shape(
        # filled Rectangle
            type="rect",
            x0=3,
            y0=1,
            x1=6,
            y1=2,
            line=dict(
                color="RoyalBlue",
                width=2,
            ),
            fillcolor="LightSkyBlue",
        )
fig.update_shapes(dict(xref='x', yref='y'))
fig.show()

Rectangle Positioned Relative to the Plot & to the Axes

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

# Create scatter trace of text labels
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[1.5, 3],
    y=[2.5, 2.5],
    text=["Rectangle reference to the plot",
          "Rectangle reference to the axes"],
    mode="text",
))

# Set axes properties
fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 4], showgrid=False)
fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 4])

# Add shapes
fig.add_shape(
        # Rectangle reference to the axes
            type="rect",
            xref="x",
            yref="y",
            x0=2.5,
            y0=0,
            x1=3.5,
            y1=2,
            line=dict(
                color="RoyalBlue",
                width=3,
            ),
            fillcolor="LightSkyBlue",
        )
fig.add_shape(
        # Rectangle reference to the plot
            type="rect",
            xref="paper",
            yref="paper",
            x0=0.25,
            y0=0,
            x1=0.5,
            y1=0.5,
            line=dict(
                color="LightSeaGreen",
                width=3,
            ),
            fillcolor="PaleTurquoise",
        )

fig.show()

Highlighting Time Series Regions with Rectangle Shapes

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

# Add scatter trace for line
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=["2015-02-01", "2015-02-02", "2015-02-03", "2015-02-04", "2015-02-05",
       "2015-02-06", "2015-02-07", "2015-02-08", "2015-02-09", "2015-02-10",
       "2015-02-11", "2015-02-12", "2015-02-13", "2015-02-14", "2015-02-15",
       "2015-02-16", "2015-02-17", "2015-02-18", "2015-02-19", "2015-02-20",
       "2015-02-21", "2015-02-22", "2015-02-23", "2015-02-24", "2015-02-25",
       "2015-02-26", "2015-02-27", "2015-02-28"],
    y=[-14, -17, -8, -4, -7, -10, -12, -14, -12, -7, -11, -7, -18, -14, -14,
       -16, -13, -7, -8, -14, -8, -3, -9, -9, -4, -13, -9, -6],
    mode="lines",
    name="temperature"
))

# Add shape regions
fig.update_layout(
    shapes=[
        # 1st highlight during Feb 4 - Feb 6
        dict(
            type="rect",
            # x-reference is assigned to the x-values
            xref="x",
            # y-reference is assigned to the plot paper [0,1]
            yref="paper",
            x0="2015-02-04",
            y0=0,
            x1="2015-02-06",
            y1=1,
            fillcolor="LightSalmon",
            opacity=0.5,
            layer="below",
            line_width=0,
        ),
        # 2nd highlight during Feb 20 - Feb 23
        dict(
            type="rect",
            xref="x",
            yref="paper",
            x0="2015-02-20",
            y0=0,
            x1="2015-02-22",
            y1=1,
            fillcolor="LightSalmon",
            opacity=0.5,
            layer="below",
            line_width=0,
        )
    ]
)

fig.show()

Circles Positioned Relative to the Axes

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

# Create scatter trace of text labels
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[1.5, 3.5],
    y=[0.75, 2.5],
    text=["Unfilled Circle",
          "Filled Circle"],
    mode="text",
))

# Set axes properties
fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 4.5], zeroline=False)
fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 4.5])

# Add circles
fig.update_layout(
    shapes=[
        # unfilled circle
        dict(
            type="circle",
            xref="x",
            yref="y",
            x0=1,
            y0=1,
            x1=3,
            y1=3,
            line_color="LightSeaGreen",
        ),
        # filled circle
        dict(
            type="circle",
            xref="x",
            yref="y",
            fillcolor="PaleTurquoise",
            x0=3,
            y0=3,
            x1=4,
            y1=4,
            line_color="LightSeaGreen",
        ),
    ]
)

# Set figure size
fig.update_layout(width=800, height=800)

fig.show()

Highlighting Clusters of Scatter Points with Circle Shapes

import plotly.graph_objects as go

import numpy as np
np.random.seed(1)

# Generate data
x0 = np.random.normal(2, 0.45, 300)
y0 = np.random.normal(2, 0.45, 300)

x1 = np.random.normal(6, 0.4, 200)
y1 = np.random.normal(6, 0.4, 200)

x2 = np.random.normal(4, 0.3, 200)
y2 = np.random.normal(4, 0.3, 200)

# Create figure
fig = go.Figure()

# Add scatter traces
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=x0,
    y=y0,
    mode="markers",
))

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=x1,
    y=y1,
    mode="markers"
))

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=x2,
    y=y2,
    mode="markers"
))

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=x1,
    y=y0,
    mode="markers"
))

# Add shapes
fig.update_layout(
    shapes=[
        dict(
            type="circle",
            xref="x",
            yref="y",
            x0=min(x0),
            y0=min(y0),
            x1=max(x0),
            y1=max(y0),
            opacity=0.2,
            fillcolor="blue",
            line_color="blue",
        ),
        dict(
            type="circle",
            xref="x",
            yref="y",
            x0=min(x1),
            y0=min(y1),
            x1=max(x1),
            y1=max(y1),
            opacity=0.2,
            fillcolor="orange",
            line_color="orange",
        ),
        dict(
            type="circle",
            xref="x",
            yref="y",
            x0=min(x2),
            y0=min(y2),
            x1=max(x2),
            y1=max(y2),
            opacity=0.2,
            fillcolor="green",
            line_color="green",
        ),
        dict(
            type="circle",
            xref="x",
            yref="y",
            x0=min(x1),
            y0=min(y0),
            x1=max(x1),
            y1=max(y0),
            opacity=0.2,
            fillcolor="red",
            line_color="red",
        ),
    ],
)

# Hide legend
fig.update_layout(showlegend=False)

fig.show()

Venn Diagram with Circle Shapes

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

# Create scatter trace of text labels
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[1, 1.75, 2.5],
    y=[1, 1, 1],
    text=["$A$", "$A+B$", "$B$"],
    mode="text",
    textfont=dict(
        color="black",
        size=18,
        family="Arail",
    )
))

# Update axes properties
fig.update_xaxes(
    showticklabels=False,
    showgrid=False,
    zeroline=False,
)

fig.update_yaxes(
    showticklabels=False,
    showgrid=False,
    zeroline=False,
)

# Add circles
fig.add_shape(
            type="circle",
            fillcolor="blue",
            x0=0,
            y0=0,
            x1=2,
            y1=2,
            line_color="blue"
        )
fig.add_shape(
            type="circle",
            fillcolor="gray",
            x0=1.5,
            y0=0,
            x1=3.5,
            y1=2,
            line_color="gray"
        )
fig.update_shapes(dict(
    opacity=0.3,
    xref="x",
    yref="y",
    layer="below"
))
# Update figure dimensions
fig.update_layout(
    margin=dict(
        l=20,
        r=20,
        b=100
    ),
    height=600,
    width=800,
    plot_bgcolor="white"
)

fig.show()

Adding Shapes to Subplots

Here we use the different axes (x1, x2) created by make_subplots as reference in order to draw shapes in figure subplots.

import plotly.graph_objects as go
from plotly.subplots import make_subplots

# Create Subplots
fig = make_subplots(rows=2, cols=2)

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[2, 6], y=[1,1]), row=1, col=1)
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=[1,2,3], y=[4,5,6]), row=1, col=2)
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[10,20], y=[40,50]), row=2, col=1)
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=[11,13,15], y=[8,11,20]), row=2, col=2)

# Add shapes
fig.update_layout(
    shapes=[
        dict(type="line", xref="x1", yref="y1",
            x0=3, y0=0.5, x1=5, y1=0.8, line_width=3),
        dict(type="rect", xref="x2", yref='y2',
             x0=4, y0=2, x1=5, y1=6),
        dict(type="rect", xref="x3", yref="y3",
             x0=10, y0=20, x1=15, y1=30),
        dict(type="circle", xref="x4", yref="y4",
             x0=5, y0=12, x1=10, y1=18)])
fig.show()

SVG Paths

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()

# Create scatter trace of text labels
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=[2, 1, 8, 8],
    y=[0.25, 9, 2, 6],
    text=["Filled Triangle",
          "Filled Polygon",
          "Quadratic Bezier Curves",
          "Cubic Bezier Curves"],
    mode="text",
))

# Update axes properties
fig.update_xaxes(
    range=[0, 9],
    zeroline=False,
)

fig.update_yaxes(
    range=[0, 11],
    zeroline=False,
)

# Add shapes
fig.update_layout(
    shapes=[
        # Quadratic Bezier Curves
        dict(
            type="path",
            path="M 4,4 Q 6,0 8,4",
            line_color="RoyalBlue",
        ),
        # Cubic Bezier Curves
        dict(
            type="path",
            path="M 1,4 C 2,8 6,4 8,8",
            line_color="MediumPurple",
        ),
        # filled Triangle
        dict(
            type="path",
            path=" M 1 1 L 1 3 L 4 1 Z",
            fillcolor="LightPink",
            line_color="Crimson",
        ),
        # filled Polygon
        dict(
            type="path",
            path=" M 3,7 L2,8 L2,9 L3,10, L4,10 L5,9 L5,8 L4,7 Z",
            fillcolor="PaleTurquoise",
            line_color="LightSeaGreen",
        ),
    ]
)

fig.show()

Reference

See https://plot.ly/python/reference/#layout-shapes for more information and chart attribute options!