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How to make Box Plots in Python with Plotly.
statistical
python
base
Box Plots
2
example_index
python/box-plots/
thumbnail/box.jpg
/python/box/
/python/basic_statistics/

A box plot is a statistical representation of numerical data through their quartiles. The ends of the box represent the lower and upper quartiles, while the median (second quartile) is marked by a line inside the box. For other statistical representations of numerical data, see other statistical charts.

Box Plot with plotly.express

Plotly Express is the easy-to-use, high-level interface to Plotly, which operates on "tidy" data.

In a box plot created by px.box, the distribution of the column given as y argument is represented.

import plotly.express as px
tips = px.data.tips()
fig = px.box(tips, y="total_bill")
fig.show()

If a column name is given as x argument, a box plot is drawn for each value of x.

import plotly.express as px
tips = px.data.tips()
fig = px.box(tips, x="time", y="total_bill")
fig.show()

Display the underlying data

With the points argument, display underlying data points with either all points (all), outliers only (outliers, default), or none of them (False).

import plotly.express as px
tips = px.data.tips()
fig = px.box(tips, x="time", y="total_bill", points="all")
fig.show()

Styled box plot

For the interpretation of the notches, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_plot#Variations.

import plotly.express as px
tips = px.data.tips()
fig = px.box(tips, x="time", y="total_bill", color="smoker",
             notched=True, # used notched shape
             title="Box plot of total bill",
             hover_data=["day"] # add day column to hover data
            )
fig.show()

Box plot with go.Box

If Plotly Express does not provide a good starting point, it is also possible to use the more generic go.Box function from plotly.graph_objects. All available options for go.Box are described in the reference page https://plot.ly/python/reference/#box.

Basic Box Plot

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(1)

y0 = np.random.randn(50) - 1
y1 = np.random.randn(50) + 1

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Box(y=y0))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(y=y1))

fig.show()

Basic Horizontal Box Plot

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np

x0 = np.random.randn(50)
x1 = np.random.randn(50) + 2 # shift mean

fig = go.Figure()
# Use x instead of y argument for horizontal plot
fig.add_trace(go.Box(x=x0))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(x=x1))

fig.show()

Box Plot That Displays the Underlying Data

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Box(y=[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21],
            boxpoints='all', # can also be outliers, or suspectedoutliers, or False
            jitter=0.3, # add some jitter for a better separation between points
            pointpos=-1.8 # relative position of points wrt box
              )])

fig.show()

Colored Box Plot

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np

y0 = np.random.randn(50)
y1 = np.random.randn(50) + 1 # shift mean

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Box(y=y0, name='Sample A',
                marker_color = 'indianred'))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(y=y1, name = 'Sample B',
                marker_color = 'lightseagreen'))

fig.show()

Box Plot Styling Mean & Standard Deviation

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    y=[2.37, 2.16, 4.82, 1.73, 1.04, 0.23, 1.32, 2.91, 0.11, 4.51, 0.51, 3.75, 1.35, 2.98, 4.50, 0.18, 4.66, 1.30, 2.06, 1.19],
    name='Only Mean',
    marker_color='darkblue',
    boxmean=True # represent mean
))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    y=[2.37, 2.16, 4.82, 1.73, 1.04, 0.23, 1.32, 2.91, 0.11, 4.51, 0.51, 3.75, 1.35, 2.98, 4.50, 0.18, 4.66, 1.30, 2.06, 1.19],
    name='Mean & SD',
    marker_color='royalblue',
    boxmean='sd' # represent mean and standard deviation
))

fig.show()

Styling Outliers

The example below shows how to use the boxpoints argument. If "outliers", only the sample points lying outside the whiskers are shown. If "suspectedoutliers", the outlier points are shown and points either less than 4Q1-3Q3 or greater than 4Q3-3Q1 are highlighted (using outliercolor). If "all", all sample points are shown. If False, only the boxes are shown with no sample points.

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    y=[0.75, 5.25, 5.5, 6, 6.2, 6.6, 6.80, 7.0, 7.2, 7.5, 7.5, 7.75, 8.15,
       8.15, 8.65, 8.93, 9.2, 9.5, 10, 10.25, 11.5, 12, 16, 20.90, 22.3, 23.25],
    name="All Points",
    jitter=0.3,
    pointpos=-1.8,
    boxpoints='all', # represent all points
    marker_color='rgb(7,40,89)',
    line_color='rgb(7,40,89)'
))

fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    y=[0.75, 5.25, 5.5, 6, 6.2, 6.6, 6.80, 7.0, 7.2, 7.5, 7.5, 7.75, 8.15,
        8.15, 8.65, 8.93, 9.2, 9.5, 10, 10.25, 11.5, 12, 16, 20.90, 22.3, 23.25],
    name="Only Whiskers",
    boxpoints=False, # no data points
    marker_color='rgb(9,56,125)',
    line_color='rgb(9,56,125)'
))

fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    y=[0.75, 5.25, 5.5, 6, 6.2, 6.6, 6.80, 7.0, 7.2, 7.5, 7.5, 7.75, 8.15,
        8.15, 8.65, 8.93, 9.2, 9.5, 10, 10.25, 11.5, 12, 16, 20.90, 22.3, 23.25],
    name="Suspected Outliers",
    boxpoints='suspectedoutliers', # only suspected outliers
    marker=dict(
        color='rgb(8,81,156)',
        outliercolor='rgba(219, 64, 82, 0.6)',
        line=dict(
            outliercolor='rgba(219, 64, 82, 0.6)',
            outlierwidth=2)),
    line_color='rgb(8,81,156)'
))

fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    y=[0.75, 5.25, 5.5, 6, 6.2, 6.6, 6.80, 7.0, 7.2, 7.5, 7.5, 7.75, 8.15,
        8.15, 8.65, 8.93, 9.2, 9.5, 10, 10.25, 11.5, 12, 16, 20.90, 22.3, 23.25],
    name="Whiskers and Outliers",
    boxpoints='outliers', # only outliers
    marker_color='rgb(107,174,214)',
    line_color='rgb(107,174,214)'
))


fig.update_layout(title_text="Box Plot Styling Outliers")
fig.show()

Grouped Box Plots

import plotly.graph_objects as go

x = ['day 1', 'day 1', 'day 1', 'day 1', 'day 1', 'day 1',
     'day 2', 'day 2', 'day 2', 'day 2', 'day 2', 'day 2']

fig = go.Figure()

fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    y=[0.2, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 0.5, 0.4, 0.2, 0.7, 0.9, 0.1, 0.5, 0.3],
    x=x,
    name='kale',
    marker_color='#3D9970'
))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    y=[0.6, 0.7, 0.3, 0.6, 0.0, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 0.5, 0.8, 0.7, 0.2],
    x=x,
    name='radishes',
    marker_color='#FF4136'
))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    y=[0.1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.9, 0.6, 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 0.5],
    x=x,
    name='carrots',
    marker_color='#FF851B'
))

fig.update_layout(
    yaxis_title='normalized moisture',
    boxmode='group' # group together boxes of the different traces for each value of x
)
fig.show()

Grouped Horizontal Box Plot

import plotly.graph_objects as go

y = ['day 1', 'day 1', 'day 1', 'day 1', 'day 1', 'day 1',
     'day 2', 'day 2', 'day 2', 'day 2', 'day 2', 'day 2']

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    x=[0.2, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 0.5, 0.4, 0.2, 0.7, 0.9, 0.1, 0.5, 0.3],
    y=y,
    name='kale',
    marker_color='#3D9970'
))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    x=[0.6, 0.7, 0.3, 0.6, 0.0, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 0.5, 0.8, 0.7, 0.2],
    y=y,
    name='radishes',
    marker_color='#FF4136'
))
fig.add_trace(go.Box(
    x=[0.1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.9, 0.6, 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 0.5],
    y=y,
    name='carrots',
    marker_color='#FF851B'
))

fig.update_layout(
    xaxis=dict(title='normalized moisture', zeroline=False),
    boxmode='group'
)

fig.update_traces(orientation='h') # horizontal box plots
fig.show()

Rainbow Box Plots

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np

N = 30     # Number of boxes

# generate an array of rainbow colors by fixing the saturation and lightness of the HSL
# representation of colour and marching around the hue.
# Plotly accepts any CSS color format, see e.g. http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css_colors_legal.asp.
c = ['hsl('+str(h)+',50%'+',50%)' for h in np.linspace(0, 360, N)]

# Each box is represented by a dict that contains the data, the type, and the colour.
# Use list comprehension to describe N boxes, each with a different colour and with different randomly generated data:
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Box(
    y=3.5 * np.sin(np.pi * i/N) + i/N + (1.5 + 0.5 * np.cos(np.pi*i/N)) * np.random.rand(10),
    marker_color=c[i]
    ) for i in range(int(N))])

# format the layout
fig.update_layout(
    xaxis=dict(showgrid=False, zeroline=False, showticklabels=False),
    yaxis=dict(zeroline=False, gridcolor='white'),
    paper_bgcolor='rgb(233,233,233)',
    plot_bgcolor='rgb(233,233,233)',
)

fig.show()

Fully Styled Box Plots

import plotly.graph_objects as go

x_data = ['Carmelo Anthony', 'Dwyane Wade',
          'Deron Williams', 'Brook Lopez',
          'Damian Lillard', 'David West',]

N = 50

y0 = (10 * np.random.randn(N) + 30).astype(np.int)
y1 = (13 * np.random.randn(N) + 38).astype(np.int)
y2 = (11 * np.random.randn(N) + 33).astype(np.int)
y3 = (9 * np.random.randn(N) + 36).astype(np.int)
y4 = (15 * np.random.randn(N) + 31).astype(np.int)
y5 = (12 * np.random.randn(N) + 40).astype(np.int)

y_data = [y0, y1, y2, y3, y4, y5]

colors = ['rgba(93, 164, 214, 0.5)', 'rgba(255, 144, 14, 0.5)', 'rgba(44, 160, 101, 0.5)',
          'rgba(255, 65, 54, 0.5)', 'rgba(207, 114, 255, 0.5)', 'rgba(127, 96, 0, 0.5)']

fig = go.Figure()

for xd, yd, cls in zip(x_data, y_data, colors):
        fig.add_trace(go.Box(
            y=yd,
            name=xd,
            boxpoints='all',
            jitter=0.5,
            whiskerwidth=0.2,
            fillcolor=cls,
            marker_size=2,
            line_width=1)
        )

fig.update_layout(
    title='Points Scored by the Top 9 Scoring NBA Players in 2012',
    yaxis=dict(
        autorange=True,
        showgrid=True,
        zeroline=True,
        dtick=5,
        gridcolor='rgb(255, 255, 255)',
        gridwidth=1,
        zerolinecolor='rgb(255, 255, 255)',
        zerolinewidth=2,
    ),
    margin=dict(
        l=40,
        r=30,
        b=80,
        t=100,
    ),
    paper_bgcolor='rgb(243, 243, 243)',
    plot_bgcolor='rgb(243, 243, 243)',
    showlegend=False
)

fig.show()

Dash Example

Dash is an Open Source Python library which can help you convert plotly figures into a reactive, web-based application. Below is a simple example of a dashboard created using Dash. Its source code can easily be deployed to a PaaS.

from IPython.display import IFrame
IFrame(src= "https://dash-simple-apps.plotly.host/dash-boxplot/", width="100%", height="650px", frameBorder="0")
from IPython.display import IFrame
IFrame(src= "https://dash-simple-apps.plotly.host/dash-boxplot/code", width="100%", height=500, frameBorder="0")

Reference

See https://plot.ly/python/reference/#box for more information and chart attribute options!