line-and-scatter.md

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jupytext kernelspec language_info plotly notebook_metadata_filter text_representation all extension format_name format_version jupytext_version .md markdown 1.1 1.1.1 display_name language name Python 3 python python3 codemirror_mode file_extension mimetype name nbconvert_exporter pygments_lexer version name version ipython 3 .py text/x-python python python ipython3 3.6.7 description display_as has_thumbnail ipynb language layout name order page_type permalink redirect_from thumbnail title v4upgrade How to make scatter plots in Python with Plotly. basic true ~notebook_demo/2 python user-guide Scatter Plots 2 example_index python/line-and-scatter/ python/line-and-scatter-plots-tutorial/ thumbnail/line-and-scatter.jpg Python Scatter Plots | plotly true

Scatter plot with plotly express

Plotly Express functions take as a first argument a tidy pandas.DataFrame. With px.scatter, each data point is represented as a marker point, which location is given by the x and y columns.

import plotly.express as px
iris = px.data.iris()
fig = px.scatter(iris, x="sepal_width", y="sepal_length")
fig.show()

Set size and color with column names

Note that color and size data are added to hover information. You can add other columns to hover data with the hover_data argument of px.scatter.

import plotly.express as px
iris = px.data.iris()
fig = px.scatter(iris, x="sepal_width", y="sepal_length", color="species",
                 size='petal_length', hover_data=['petal_width'])
fig.show()

Line plot with plotly express

import plotly.express as px
gapminder = px.data.gapminder().query("continent == 'Oceania'")
fig = px.line(gapminder, x='year', y='lifeExp', color='country')
fig.show()

Scatter and line plot with go.Scatter

When data are not available as tidy dataframes, it is possible to use the more generic go.Scatter function from plotly.graph_objects. Whereas plotly.express has two functions scatter and line, go.Scatter can be used both for plotting points (makers) or lines, depending on the value of mode. The different options of go.Scatter are documented in its reference page.

Simple Scatter Plot

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np

N = 1000
t = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
y = np.sin(t)

fig = go.Figure(data=go.Scatter(x=t, y=y, mode='markers'))

fig.show()

Line and Scatter Plots

Use mode argument to choose between markers, lines, or a combination of both. For more options about line plots, see also the line charts notebook and the filled area plots notebook.

import plotly.graph_objects as go

# Create random data with numpy
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(1)

N = 100
random_x = np.linspace(0, 1, N)
random_y0 = np.random.randn(N) + 5
random_y1 = np.random.randn(N)
random_y2 = np.random.randn(N) - 5

fig = go.Figure()

# Add traces
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=random_x, y=random_y0,
                    mode='markers',
                    name='markers'))
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=random_x, y=random_y1,
                    mode='lines+markers',
                    name='lines+markers'))
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=random_x, y=random_y2,
                    mode='lines',
                    name='lines'))

fig.show()

Bubble Scatter Plots

In bubble charts, a third dimension of the data is shown through the size of markers. For more examples, see the bubble chart notebook

import plotly.graph_objects as go

fig = go.Figure(data=go.Scatter(
    x=[1, 2, 3, 4],
    y=[10, 11, 12, 13],
    mode='markers',
    marker=dict(size=[40, 60, 80, 100],
                color=[0, 1, 2, 3])
))

fig.show()

Style Scatter Plots

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np


t = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)

fig = go.Figure()

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=t, y=np.sin(t),
    name='sin',
    mode='markers',
    marker_color='rgba(152, 0, 0, .8)'
))

fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
    x=t, y=np.cos(t),
    name='cos',
    marker_color='rgba(255, 182, 193, .9)'
))

# Set options common to all traces with fig.update_traces
fig.update_traces(mode='markers', marker_line_width=2, marker_size=10)
fig.update_layout(title='Styled Scatter',
                  yaxis_zeroline=False, xaxis_zeroline=False)


fig.show()

Data Labels on Hover

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import pandas as pd

data= pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/2014_usa_states.csv")

fig = go.Figure(data=go.Scatter(x=data['Postal'],
                                y=data['Population'],
                                mode='markers',
                                marker_color=data['Population'],
                                text=data['State'])) # hover text goes here

fig.update_layout(title='Population of USA States')
fig.show()

Scatter with a Color Dimension

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np

fig = go.Figure(data=go.Scatter(
    y = np.random.randn(500),
    mode='markers',
    marker=dict(
        size=16,
        color=np.random.randn(500), #set color equal to a variable
        colorscale='Viridis', # one of plotly colorscales
        showscale=True
    )
))

fig.show()

Large Data Sets

Now in Ploty you can implement WebGL with Scattergl() in place of Scatter()
for increased speed, improved interactivity, and the ability to plot even more data!

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np

N = 100000
fig = go.Figure(data=go.Scattergl(
    x = np.random.randn(N),
    y = np.random.randn(N),
    mode='markers',
    marker=dict(
        color=np.random.randn(N),
        colorscale='Viridis',
        line_width=1
    )
))

fig.show()

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np

N = 100000
r = np.random.uniform(0, 1, N)
theta = np.random.uniform(0, 2*np.pi, N)

fig = go.Figure(data=go.Scattergl(
    x = r * np.cos(theta), # non-uniform distribution
    y = r * np.sin(theta), # zoom to see more points at the center
    mode='markers',
    marker=dict(
        color=np.random.randn(N),
        colorscale='Viridis',
        line_width=1
    )
))

fig.show()

Dash Example

Dash is an Open Source Python library which can help you convert plotly figures into a reactive, web-based application. Below is a simple example of a dashboard created using Dash. Its source code can easily be deployed to a PaaS.

from IPython.display import IFrame
IFrame(src= "https://dash-simple-apps.plotly.host/dash-linescatterplot/", width="100%",height="750px", frameBorder="0")

from IPython.display import IFrame
IFrame(src= "https://dash-simple-apps.plotly.host/dash-linescatterplot/code", width="100%",height=500, frameBorder="0")

Reference

See https://plot.ly/python/reference/#scatter or https://plot.ly/python/reference/#scattergl for more information and chart attribute options!