Fix regression for loc and __setitem__ when one-dimensional tuple was given for MultiIndex (pandas-dev#37787)

Author: phofl

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.1.5.rst

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Fixed regressions
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 - Regression in addition of a timedelta-like scalar to a :class:`DatetimeIndex` raising incorrectly (:issue:`37295`)
 - Fixed regression in :meth:`Series.groupby` raising when the :class:`Index` of the :class:`Series` had a tuple as its name (:issue:`37755`)
+- Fixed regression in :meth:`DataFrame.loc` and :meth:`Series.loc` for ``__setitem__`` when one-dimensional tuple was given to select from :class:`MultiIndex` (:issue:`37711`)
 -
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

pandas/core/indexing.py

@@ -650,9 +650,9 @@ def _ensure_listlike_indexer(self, key, axis=None, value=None):
         if self.ndim != 2:
             return
 
-        if isinstance(key, tuple):
+        if isinstance(key, tuple) and not isinstance(self.obj.index, ABCMultiIndex):
             # key may be a tuple if we are .loc
-            # in that case, set key to the column part of key
+            # if index is not a MultiIndex, set key to column part
             key = key[column_axis]
             axis = column_axis
 

pandas/tests/indexing/multiindex/test_loc.py

@@ -288,6 +288,23 @@ def convert_nested_indexer(indexer_type, keys):
 
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
+    def test_multiindex_loc_one_dimensional_tuple(self, frame_or_series):
+        # GH#37711
+        mi = MultiIndex.from_tuples([("a", "A"), ("b", "A")])
+        obj = frame_or_series([1, 2], index=mi)
+        obj.loc[("a",)] = 0
+        expected = frame_or_series([0, 2], index=mi)
+        tm.assert_equal(obj, expected)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("indexer", [("a",), ("a")])
+    def test_multiindex_one_dimensional_tuple_columns(self, indexer):
+        # GH#37711
+        mi = MultiIndex.from_tuples([("a", "A"), ("b", "A")])
+        obj = DataFrame([1, 2], index=mi)
+        obj.loc[indexer, :] = 0
+        expected = DataFrame([0, 2], index=mi)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(obj, expected)
+
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "indexer, pos",