diff --git a/pandas/core/generic.py b/pandas/core/generic.py
index 8cccb7001eb7b..8e2524c21d31e 100644
--- a/pandas/core/generic.py
+++ b/pandas/core/generic.py
@@ -7487,9 +7487,13 @@ def replace(
                 if inplace:
                     return None
                 return self.copy(deep=False)
-
             if is_dict_like(to_replace):
                 if is_dict_like(value):  # {'A' : NA} -> {'A' : 0}
+                    if isinstance(self, ABCSeries):
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "to_replace and value cannot be dict-like for "
+                            "Series.replace"
+                        )
                     # Note: Checking below for `in foo.keys()` instead of
                     #  `in foo` is needed for when we have a Series and not dict
                     mapping = {
diff --git a/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_replace.py b/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_replace.py
index de0855bf7192e..611fcc114db6c 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_replace.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_replace.py
@@ -496,6 +496,15 @@ def test_replace_only_one_dictlike_arg(self, fixed_now_ts):
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
             ser.replace(to_replace, value)
 
+    def test_replace_dict_like_with_dict_like(self):
+        # GH 59452
+        s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        to_replace = pd.Series([1])
+        value = pd.Series([75])
+        msg = "to_replace and value cannot be dict-like for Series.replace"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            s.replace(to_replace, value)
+
     def test_replace_extension_other(self, frame_or_series):
         # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/34530
         obj = frame_or_series(pd.array([1, 2, 3], dtype="Int64"))