diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
index 3506fb55e0d4c..13fb9cfc4c0e4 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
@@ -2985,3 +2985,14 @@ def test_groupby_agg_namedagg_with_duplicate_columns():
     )
 
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+def test_groupby_multi_index_codes():
+    # GH#54347
+    df = DataFrame(
+        {"A": [1, 2, 3, 4], "B": [1, float("nan"), 2, float("nan")], "C": [2, 4, 6, 8]}
+    )
+    df_grouped = df.groupby(["A", "B"], dropna=False).sum()
+
+    index = df_grouped.index
+    tm.assert_index_equal(index, MultiIndex.from_frame(index.to_frame()))