From 64736059c83eb9daf5b3cfde87556a9d80568f59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2024 12:15:55 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/39] API: Check index and column classess exactly by default

---
 pandas/_testing/asserters.py | 24 ++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/_testing/asserters.py b/pandas/_testing/asserters.py
index 3aacd3099c334..5da1edb41286e 100644
--- a/pandas/_testing/asserters.py
+++ b/pandas/_testing/asserters.py
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def assert_dict_equal(left, right, compare_keys: bool = True) -> None:
 def assert_index_equal(
     left: Index,
     right: Index,
-    exact: bool | str = "equiv",
+    exact: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
     check_names: bool = True,
     check_exact: bool = True,
     check_categorical: bool = True,
@@ -201,6 +201,9 @@ def assert_index_equal(
         Whether to check the Index class, dtype and inferred_type
         are identical. If 'equiv', then RangeIndex can be substituted for
         Index with an int64 dtype as well.
+
+        ..  versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The default changed from ``'equiv'`` to ``True``
     check_names : bool, default True
         Whether to check the names attribute.
     check_exact : bool, default True
@@ -828,7 +831,7 @@ def assert_series_equal(
     left,
     right,
     check_dtype: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
-    check_index_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = "equiv",
+    check_index_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
     check_series_type: bool = True,
     check_names: bool = True,
     check_exact: bool | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
@@ -856,6 +859,9 @@ def assert_series_equal(
     check_index_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default 'equiv'
         Whether to check the Index class, dtype and inferred_type
         are identical.
+
+        ..  versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The default changed from ``'equiv'`` to ``True``
     check_series_type : bool, default True
          Whether to check the Series class is identical.
     check_names : bool, default True
@@ -1095,8 +1101,8 @@ def assert_frame_equal(
     left,
     right,
     check_dtype: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
-    check_index_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = "equiv",
-    check_column_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = "equiv",
+    check_index_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
+    check_column_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
     check_frame_type: bool = True,
     check_names: bool = True,
     by_blocks: bool = False,
@@ -1126,13 +1132,19 @@ def assert_frame_equal(
         Second DataFrame to compare.
     check_dtype : bool, default True
         Whether to check the DataFrame dtype is identical.
-    check_index_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default 'equiv'
+    check_index_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default True
         Whether to check the Index class, dtype and inferred_type
         are identical.
-    check_column_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default 'equiv'
+
+        ..  versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The default changed from ``'equiv'`` to ``True``
+    check_column_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default True
         Whether to check the columns class, dtype and inferred_type
         are identical. Is passed as the ``exact`` argument of
         :func:`assert_index_equal`.
+
+        ..  versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The default changed from ``'equiv'`` to ``True``
     check_frame_type : bool, default True
         Whether to check the DataFrame class is identical.
     check_names : bool, default True

From 35ec84f90805b14589584dd44b29dda896dff75d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2024 13:22:59 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/39] Add a todo

---
 pandas/_testing/asserters.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/pandas/_testing/asserters.py b/pandas/_testing/asserters.py
index 5da1edb41286e..55c622b1bcc1d 100644
--- a/pandas/_testing/asserters.py
+++ b/pandas/_testing/asserters.py
@@ -486,6 +486,7 @@ def assert_categorical_equal(
     _check_isinstance(left, right, Categorical)
 
     exact: bool | str
+    # TODO: Can this be made strict?
     if isinstance(left.categories, RangeIndex) or isinstance(
         right.categories, RangeIndex
     ):

From 634d8a95df73ad0fc8f81f96eb4fc4a64f2de209 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2024 17:11:45 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/39] Change test for expected behavior

---
 pandas/tests/extension/base/getitem.py | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/base/getitem.py b/pandas/tests/extension/base/getitem.py
index 1f89c7ad9d4e4..7dc9646a30118 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/base/getitem.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/base/getitem.py
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ def test_take_series(self, data):
         result = s.take([0, -1])
         expected = pd.Series(
             data._from_sequence([data[0], data[len(data) - 1]], dtype=s.dtype),
-            index=[0, len(data) - 1],
+            index=range(0, 198, 99),
         )
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -429,7 +429,8 @@ def test_reindex(self, data, na_value):
 
         result = s.reindex([n, n + 1])
         expected = pd.Series(
-            data._from_sequence([na_value, na_value], dtype=s.dtype), index=[n, n + 1]
+            data._from_sequence([na_value, na_value], dtype=s.dtype),
+            index=range(n, n + 2, 1),
         )
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 

From bd57bf579b7ca64010252cab07845ca5ce661213 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2024 09:36:15 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/39] add ignore index check

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
index 7d1a5b4492740..2ce4f9a0b2418 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_constructor_dict_with_tzaware_scalar(self):
 
         df = DataFrame({"dt": dt}, index=[0])
         expected = DataFrame({"dt": [dt]})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected, check_index_type=False)
 
         # Non-homogeneous
         df = DataFrame({"dt": dt, "value": [1]})

From 5f71f8e37be903836301f36683737ebb34904b1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2024 11:36:23 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/39] ignore column checking for some test

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py | 26 +++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
index 2ce4f9a0b2418..e9841cd494cf8 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def test_constructor_from_2d_datetimearray(self):
 
         df = DataFrame(dta)
         expected = DataFrame({0: dta[:, 0], 1: dta[:, 1]})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected, check_column_type=False)
         # GH#44724 big performance hit if we de-consolidate
         assert len(df._mgr.blocks) == 1
 
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ def test_constructor_dict_extension_scalar(self, ea_scalar_and_dtype):
     )
     def test_constructor_extension_scalar_data(self, data, dtype):
         # GH 34832
-        df = DataFrame(index=[0, 1], columns=["a", "b"], data=data)
+        df = DataFrame(index=range(2), columns=["a", "b"], data=data)
 
         assert df["a"].dtype == dtype
         assert df["b"].dtype == dtype
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ def test_nested_dict_frame_constructor(self):
                 data.setdefault(col, {})[row] = df._get_value(row, col)
 
         result = DataFrame(data, columns=rng)
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df, check_index_type=False)
 
         data = {}
         for col in df.columns:
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ def test_nested_dict_frame_constructor(self):
                 data.setdefault(row, {})[col] = df._get_value(row, col)
 
         result = DataFrame(data, index=rng).T
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df, check_index_type=False)
 
     def _check_basic_constructor(self, empty):
         # mat: 2d matrix with shape (3, 2) to input. empty - makes sized
@@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ def test_constructor_list_of_lists(self, using_infer_string):
         expected = DataFrame({0: np.arange(10)})
         data = [np.array(x) for x in range(10)]
         result = DataFrame(data)
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_column_type=False)
 
     def test_nested_pandasarray_matches_nested_ndarray(self):
         # GH#43986
@@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ def test_constructor_unequal_length_nested_list_column(self):
     )
     def test_constructor_one_element_data_list(self, data):
         # GH#42810
-        result = DataFrame(data, index=[0, 1, 2], columns=["x"])
+        result = DataFrame(data, index=range(3), columns=["x"])
         expected = DataFrame({"x": [Timestamp("2021-01-01")] * 3})
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -1403,7 +1403,9 @@ def test_constructor_generator(self):
         gen = ([i, "a"] for i in range(10))
         result = DataFrame(gen)
         expected = DataFrame({0: range(10), 1: "a"})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_dtype=False)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(
+            result, expected, check_dtype=False, check_column_type=False
+        )
 
     def test_constructor_list_of_dicts(self):
         result = DataFrame([{}])
@@ -1630,7 +1632,7 @@ def test_constructor_Series_named(self):
         s = Series(arr, index=range(3, 13))
         df = DataFrame(s)
         expected = DataFrame({0: s})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected, check_column_type=False)
 
         msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(10, 1\), indices imply \(10, 2\)"
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
@@ -1650,7 +1652,7 @@ def test_constructor_Series_named(self):
         # this is a bit non-intuitive here; the series collapse down to arrays
         df = DataFrame([arr, s1]).T
         expected = DataFrame({1: s1, 0: arr}, columns=[0, 1])
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected, check_column_type=False)
 
     def test_constructor_Series_named_and_columns(self):
         # GH 9232 validation
@@ -2185,7 +2187,7 @@ def test_constructor_ndarray_categorical_dtype(self):
         result = DataFrame(arr, dtype=cat.dtype)
 
         expected = DataFrame({0: cat, 1: cat, 2: cat, 3: cat})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_column_type=False)
 
     def test_constructor_categorical(self):
         # GH8626
@@ -2581,7 +2583,7 @@ def test_from_2d_object_array_of_periods_or_intervals(self):
         data3 = np.r_[data, data2, data, data2].T
         df3 = DataFrame(data3)
         expected = DataFrame({0: pi, 1: ii, 2: pi, 3: ii})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df3, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df3, expected, check_column_type=False)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "col_a, col_b",
@@ -2674,7 +2676,7 @@ def test_frame_string_inference_array_string_dtype(self):
         expected = DataFrame({0: ["a", "b"], 1: ["c", "d"]}, dtype=dtype)
         with pd.option_context("future.infer_string", True):
             df = DataFrame(np.array([["a", "c"], ["b", "d"]]))
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected, check_column_type=False)
 
         expected = DataFrame(
             {"a": ["a", "b"], "b": ["c", "d"]},

From 02b881b70ec0cdfd046dd9635791a0f1dfe45abe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2024 15:45:19 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/39] Ignore index checking for test_concat_all_na_block

---
 pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py b/pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py
index 4550e3b055cfe..43822f2bd2d5a 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ def test_concat_all_na_block(self, data_missing, in_frame):
         result = pd.concat([valid_block, na_block])
         if in_frame:
             expected = pd.DataFrame({"a": data_missing.take([1, 1, 0, 0])})
-            tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+            tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_index_type=False)
         else:
             expected = pd.Series(data_missing.take([1, 1, 0, 0]))
-            tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+            tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected, check_index_type=False)
 
     def test_concat_mixed_dtypes(self, data):
         # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/20762

From 5a4dd5dd7ba7fecd78fb16a68a14803f458c44f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2024 15:55:15 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/39] Ignore adjust some tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py           | 2 +-
 pandas/tests/io/parser/dtypes/test_dtypes_basic.py | 2 +-
 pandas/tests/reshape/merge/test_merge.py           | 2 +-
 pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py                 | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
index 0b6b38340de9e..f9128bcf854cd 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
@@ -2304,7 +2304,7 @@ def test_stack_unstack_unordered_multiindex(self, future_stack):
         )
         expected = DataFrame(
             [["a0", "b0"], ["a1", "b1"], ["a2", "b2"], ["a3", "b3"], ["a4", "b4"]],
-            index=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+            index=range(5),
             columns=MultiIndex.from_tuples(
                 [("a", "x"), ("b", "x")], names=["first", "second"]
             ),
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/parser/dtypes/test_dtypes_basic.py b/pandas/tests/io/parser/dtypes/test_dtypes_basic.py
index 70fd0b02cc79d..bf40f838ca203 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/parser/dtypes/test_dtypes_basic.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/parser/dtypes/test_dtypes_basic.py
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def test_numeric_dtype(all_parsers, any_real_numpy_dtype):
     expected = DataFrame([0, 1], dtype=any_real_numpy_dtype)
 
     result = parser.read_csv(StringIO(data), header=None, dtype=any_real_numpy_dtype)
-    tm.assert_frame_equal(expected, result)
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(expected, result, check_column_type=False)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("pyarrow_xfail")
diff --git a/pandas/tests/reshape/merge/test_merge.py b/pandas/tests/reshape/merge/test_merge.py
index f063f333ac889..f8a8d7cda6fac 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/reshape/merge/test_merge.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/reshape/merge/test_merge.py
@@ -2966,7 +2966,7 @@ def test_merge_empty_frames_column_order(left_empty, right_empty):
         df2 = df2.iloc[:0]
 
     result = merge(df1, df2, on=["A"], how="outer")
-    expected = DataFrame(1, index=[0], columns=["A", "B", "C", "D"])
+    expected = DataFrame(1, index=range(1), columns=["A", "B", "C", "D"])
     if left_empty and right_empty:
         expected = expected.iloc[:0]
     elif left_empty:
diff --git a/pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py b/pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py
index 4007320b5de33..6b19c1c68f41a 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py
@@ -170,4 +170,4 @@ def test_dataframe_dtypes(method, expected_data, dtypes, min_periods, step):
     else:
         result = getattr(rolled, method)()
         expected = DataFrame(expected_data, dtype="float64")[::step]
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_column_type=False)

From e6e2c89b53aa58854f535996313a8a69dab310e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2024 16:47:45 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/39] Fix another test

---
 pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py b/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py
index c24f23f6a0f2e..11dfe367eba87 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py
@@ -1784,7 +1784,7 @@ def test_numexpr_option_incompatible_op():
             {"A": [True, False, True, False, None, None], "B": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]}
         )
         result = df.query("A.isnull()")
-        expected = DataFrame({"A": [None, None], "B": [5, 6]}, index=[4, 5])
+        expected = DataFrame({"A": [None, None], "B": [5, 6]}, index=range(4, 6))
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
 

From 002d98a15fe1e0232be1733851439f59cefa3886 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2024 17:30:56 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/39] Adjust more tests

---
 pandas/tests/arithmetic/test_numeric.py |  2 +-
 pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py    | 55 +++++++++++++------------
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/arithmetic/test_numeric.py b/pandas/tests/arithmetic/test_numeric.py
index 1b8ad1922b9d2..d205569270705 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/arithmetic/test_numeric.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/arithmetic/test_numeric.py
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ def test_fill_value_inf_masking():
     expected = pd.DataFrame(
         {"A": [np.inf, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0], "B": [0.0, np.nan, 0.0, np.nan]}
     )
-    tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_index_type=False)
 
 
 def test_dataframe_div_silenced():
diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
index 686279f25939a..380ea7e46bed6 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def max_value(group):
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
-def test_pass_args_kwargs(ts, tsframe):
+def test_pass_args_kwargs(ts):
     def f(x, q=None, axis=0):
         return np.percentile(x, q, axis=axis)
 
@@ -100,31 +100,34 @@ def f(x, q=None, axis=0):
     tm.assert_series_equal(apply_result, agg_expected)
     tm.assert_series_equal(trans_result, trans_expected)
 
-    # DataFrame
-    for as_index in [True, False]:
-        df_grouped = tsframe.groupby(lambda x: x.month, as_index=as_index)
-        warn = None if as_index else FutureWarning
-        msg = "A grouping .* was excluded from the result"
-        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
-            agg_result = df_grouped.agg(np.percentile, 80, axis=0)
-        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
-            apply_result = df_grouped.apply(DataFrame.quantile, 0.8)
-        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
-            expected = df_grouped.quantile(0.8)
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(apply_result, expected, check_names=False)
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(agg_result, expected)
-
-        apply_result = df_grouped.apply(DataFrame.quantile, [0.4, 0.8])
-        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
-            expected_seq = df_grouped.quantile([0.4, 0.8])
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(apply_result, expected_seq, check_names=False)
-
-        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
-            agg_result = df_grouped.agg(f, q=80)
-        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
-            apply_result = df_grouped.apply(DataFrame.quantile, q=0.8)
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(agg_result, expected)
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(apply_result, expected, check_names=False)
+
+def test_pass_args_kwargs_dataframe(tsframe, as_index):
+    def f(x, q=None, axis=0):
+        return np.percentile(x, q, axis=axis)
+
+    df_grouped = tsframe.groupby(lambda x: x.month, as_index=as_index)
+    warn = None if as_index else FutureWarning
+    msg = "A grouping .* was excluded from the result"
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
+        agg_result = df_grouped.agg(np.percentile, 80, axis=0)
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
+        apply_result = df_grouped.apply(DataFrame.quantile, 0.8)
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
+        expected = df_grouped.quantile(0.8)
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(apply_result, expected, check_names=False)
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(agg_result, expected)
+
+    apply_result = df_grouped.apply(DataFrame.quantile, [0.4, 0.8])
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
+        expected_seq = df_grouped.quantile([0.4, 0.8])
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(apply_result, expected_seq, check_names=False)
+
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
+        agg_result = df_grouped.agg(f, q=80)
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
+        apply_result = df_grouped.apply(DataFrame.quantile, q=0.8)
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(agg_result, expected)
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(apply_result, expected, check_names=False)
 
 
 def test_len():

From 514b69c431d397a751b91a0a982c565e010a87d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2024 10:23:44 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/39] Fix more tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py  |  4 ++--
 pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py   | 11 ++++++++---
 pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
index 63c15fab76562..1eba1fcf58ce5 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
@@ -707,8 +707,8 @@ def test_mode_sortwarning(self, using_infer_string):
 
     def test_mode_empty_df(self):
         df = DataFrame([], columns=["a", "b"])
+        expected = df.copy()
         result = df.mode()
-        expected = DataFrame([], columns=["a", "b"], index=Index([], dtype=np.int64))
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_operators_timedelta64(self):
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ def test_operators_timedelta64(self):
 
         # excludes non-numeric
         result = mixed.min(axis=1, numeric_only=True)
-        expected = Series([1, 1, 1.0], index=[0, 1, 2])
+        expected = Series([1, 1, 1.0])
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
         # works when only those columns are selected
diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
index 62e7294276516..50ebc99289a1f 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ def test_groupby_level_nonmulti():
 def test_groupby_complex():
     # GH 12902
     a = Series(data=np.arange(4) * (1 + 2j), index=[0, 0, 1, 1])
-    expected = Series((1 + 2j, 5 + 10j))
+    expected = Series((1 + 2j, 5 + 10j), index=Index([0, 1]))
 
     result = a.groupby(level=0).sum()
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
@@ -1203,7 +1203,10 @@ def test_groupby_nat_exclude():
     )
     grouped = df.groupby("dt")
 
-    expected = [Index([1, 7]), Index([3, 5])]
+    expected = [
+        RangeIndex(start=1, stop=13, step=6),
+        RangeIndex(start=3, stop=7, step=2),
+    ]
     keys = sorted(grouped.groups.keys())
     assert len(keys) == 2
     for k, e in zip(keys, expected):
@@ -2663,7 +2666,9 @@ def test_groupby_method_drop_na(method):
             Series(["a", "b", "c"], name="A")
         )
     else:
-        expected = DataFrame({"A": ["a", "b", "c"], "B": [0, 2, 4]}, index=[0, 2, 4])
+        expected = DataFrame(
+            {"A": ["a", "b", "c"], "B": [0, 2, 4]}, index=range(0, 6, 2)
+        )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
index 45ec968714aff..38d328ffc726e 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ def test_loc_range_in_series_indexing(self, size):
         tm.assert_series_equal(s.loc[range(1)], Series(42.0, index=[0]))
 
         s.loc[range(2)] = 43
-        tm.assert_series_equal(s.loc[range(2)], Series(43.0, index=[0, 1]))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(s.loc[range(2)], Series(43.0, index=range(2)))
 
     def test_partial_boolean_frame_indexing(self):
         # GH 17170

From 704784e71d9e30df070f333219f4a70198e62524 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2024 10:53:02 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/39] Adjust more tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py | 4 ++--
 pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py | 1 +
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
index 1eba1fcf58ce5..5339a4654771d 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
@@ -1832,7 +1832,7 @@ def test_df_empty_min_count_0(self, opname, dtype, exp_value, exp_dtype):
         df = DataFrame({0: [], 1: []}, dtype=dtype)
         result = getattr(df, opname)(min_count=0)
 
-        expected = Series([exp_value, exp_value], dtype=exp_dtype)
+        expected = Series([exp_value, exp_value], dtype=exp_dtype, index=Index([0, 1]))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -1903,7 +1903,7 @@ def test_df_empty_nullable_min_count_1(self, opname, dtype, exp_dtype):
         df = DataFrame({0: [], 1: []}, dtype=dtype)
         result = getattr(df, opname)(min_count=1)
 
-        expected = Series([pd.NA, pd.NA], dtype=exp_dtype)
+        expected = Series([pd.NA, pd.NA], dtype=exp_dtype, index=Index([0, 1]))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py
index f0a72ba6163fa..6756c565387a7 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py
@@ -1034,6 +1034,7 @@ def test_read_excel_multiindex(self, request, engine, read_ext):
                 [4, 5.5, pd.Timestamp("2015-01-04"), True],
             ],
             columns=mi,
+            index=Index([0, 1, 2, 3], dtype="int64"),
         )
         expected[mi[2]] = expected[mi[2]].astype(f"M8[{unit}]")
 

From 24ede0db2b221bb30d22f126eaffb92f8719560c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2024 12:47:52 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/39] adjust another test

---
 pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
index 50ebc99289a1f..774e4c0b674c3 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ def test_as_index_select_column():
         lambda x: x.cumsum()
     )
     expected = Series(
-        [2, 6, 6], name="B", index=MultiIndex.from_tuples([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 2)])
+        [2, 6, 6], name="B", index=MultiIndex.from_arrays([[0, 0, 1], RangeIndex(3)])
     )
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ def test_groupby_level_mapper(multiindex_dataframe_random_data):
 def test_groupby_level_nonmulti():
     # GH 1313, GH 13901
     s = Series([1, 2, 3, 10, 4, 5, 20, 6], Index([1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 2, 6], name="foo"))
-    expected = Series([11, 22, 3, 4, 5, 6], Index(range(1, 7), name="foo"))
+    expected = Series([11, 22, 3, 4, 5, 6], Index(list(range(1, 7)), name="foo"))
 
     result = s.groupby(level=0).sum()
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)

From a738e681f7d0aefc188a27170f61f439ce332358 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2024 14:14:37 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/39] Adjust more tests

---
 pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py         |  4 ++-
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_quantile.py |  2 +-
 pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py       |  6 ++---
 pandas/tests/io/excel/test_writers.py       | 28 ++++++++++++++++-----
 4 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py b/pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py
index 4da9fe8917d55..083405e7e819a 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@ def test_frame_from_2d_array(self, data):
         arr2d = data.repeat(2).reshape(-1, 2)
 
         df = pd.DataFrame(arr2d)
-        expected = pd.DataFrame({0: arr2d[:, 0], 1: arr2d[:, 1]})
+        expected = pd.DataFrame(
+            {0: arr2d[:, 0], 1: arr2d[:, 1]}, columns=pd.RangeIndex(2)
+        )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
 
     def test_swapaxes(self, data):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_quantile.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_quantile.py
index 32ae4c0ff2f50..3e050896dbb39 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_quantile.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_quantile.py
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def test_axis_numeric_only_true(self, interp_method):
         result = df.quantile(
             0.5, axis=1, numeric_only=True, interpolation=interpolation, method=method
         )
-        expected = Series([3.0, 4.0], index=[0, 1], name=0.5)
+        expected = Series([3.0, 4.0], index=range(2), name=0.5)
         if interpolation == "nearest":
             expected = expected.astype(np.int64)
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
index 5339a4654771d..58f1f838c4ccc 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
@@ -490,10 +490,8 @@ def test_nunique(self):
         tm.assert_series_equal(
             df.nunique(dropna=False), Series({"A": 1, "B": 3, "C": 3})
         )
-        tm.assert_series_equal(df.nunique(axis=1), Series({0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 2}))
-        tm.assert_series_equal(
-            df.nunique(axis=1, dropna=False), Series({0: 1, 1: 3, 2: 2})
-        )
+        tm.assert_series_equal(df.nunique(axis=1), Series([1, 2, 2]))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(df.nunique(axis=1, dropna=False), Series([1, 3, 2]))
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, "UTC"])
     def test_mean_mixed_datetime_numeric(self, tz):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_writers.py b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_writers.py
index d3ddc13c1497e..97e2ab5ce85d2 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_writers.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_writers.py
@@ -339,6 +339,7 @@ def test_multiindex_interval_datetimes(self, tmp_excel):
                     ],
                 ]
             ),
+            columns=Index([0]),
         )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -384,7 +385,10 @@ def test_excel_sheet_size(self, tmp_excel):
             col_df.to_excel(tmp_excel)
 
     def test_excel_sheet_by_name_raise(self, tmp_excel):
-        gt = DataFrame(np.random.default_rng(2).standard_normal((10, 2)))
+        gt = DataFrame(
+            np.random.default_rng(2).standard_normal((10, 2)),
+            index=Index(list(range(10))),
+        )
         gt.to_excel(tmp_excel)
 
         with ExcelFile(tmp_excel) as xl:
@@ -505,7 +509,9 @@ def test_int_types(self, np_type, tmp_excel):
         # Test np.int values read come back as int
         # (rather than float which is Excel's format).
         df = DataFrame(
-            np.random.default_rng(2).integers(-10, 10, size=(10, 2)), dtype=np_type
+            np.random.default_rng(2).integers(-10, 10, size=(10, 2)),
+            dtype=np_type,
+            index=Index(list(range(10))),
         )
         df.to_excel(tmp_excel, sheet_name="test1")
 
@@ -521,7 +527,11 @@ def test_int_types(self, np_type, tmp_excel):
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("np_type", [np.float16, np.float32, np.float64])
     def test_float_types(self, np_type, tmp_excel):
         # Test np.float values read come back as float.
-        df = DataFrame(np.random.default_rng(2).random(10), dtype=np_type)
+        df = DataFrame(
+            np.random.default_rng(2).random(10),
+            dtype=np_type,
+            index=Index(list(range(10))),
+        )
         df.to_excel(tmp_excel, sheet_name="test1")
 
         with ExcelFile(tmp_excel) as reader:
@@ -533,7 +543,7 @@ def test_float_types(self, np_type, tmp_excel):
 
     def test_bool_types(self, tmp_excel):
         # Test np.bool_ values read come back as float.
-        df = DataFrame([1, 0, True, False], dtype=np.bool_)
+        df = DataFrame([1, 0, True, False], dtype=np.bool_, index=Index(list(range(4))))
         df.to_excel(tmp_excel, sheet_name="test1")
 
         with ExcelFile(tmp_excel) as reader:
@@ -544,7 +554,7 @@ def test_bool_types(self, tmp_excel):
         tm.assert_frame_equal(df, recons)
 
     def test_inf_roundtrip(self, tmp_excel):
-        df = DataFrame([(1, np.inf), (2, 3), (5, -np.inf)])
+        df = DataFrame([(1, np.inf), (2, 3), (5, -np.inf)], index=Index(list(range(3))))
         df.to_excel(tmp_excel, sheet_name="test1")
 
         with ExcelFile(tmp_excel) as reader:
@@ -640,7 +650,13 @@ def test_roundtrip_indexlabels(self, merge_cells, frame, tmp_excel):
         df.index.names = ["test"]
         assert df.index.names == recons.index.names
 
-        df = DataFrame(np.random.default_rng(2).standard_normal((10, 2))) >= 0
+        df = (
+            DataFrame(
+                np.random.default_rng(2).standard_normal((10, 2)),
+                index=Index(list(range(10))),
+            )
+            >= 0
+        )
         df.to_excel(
             tmp_excel, sheet_name="test1", index_label="test", merge_cells=merge_cells
         )

From ce2affabcbdb8f22352f66f64710b8c74ff265db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2024 15:43:52 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/39] Adjust test

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
index 58f1f838c4ccc..76032b5de532b 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
@@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ def test_df_empty_min_count_1(self, opname, dtype, exp_dtype):
         df = DataFrame({0: [], 1: []}, dtype=dtype)
         result = getattr(df, opname)(min_count=1)
 
-        expected = Series([np.nan, np.nan], dtype=exp_dtype)
+        expected = Series([np.nan, np.nan], dtype=exp_dtype, index=Index([0, 1]))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(

From 9a9030c4f98cf57fe43777a5728ebbbc92333597 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2024 15:44:47 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/39] Adjust test

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
index 76032b5de532b..c91580fbd0e72 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
@@ -1876,7 +1876,7 @@ def test_df_empty_nullable_min_count_0(self, opname, dtype, exp_value, exp_dtype
         df = DataFrame({0: [], 1: []}, dtype=dtype)
         result = getattr(df, opname)(min_count=0)
 
-        expected = Series([exp_value, exp_value], dtype=exp_dtype)
+        expected = Series([exp_value, exp_value], dtype=exp_dtype, index=Index([0, 1]))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     # TODO: why does min_count=1 impact the resulting Windows dtype

From c8506a5bf0128deb189a26bdc36875249d3174fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2024 15:53:38 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 16/39] Adjust test

---
 pandas/tests/io/test_sql.py | 8 +++-----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/test_sql.py b/pandas/tests/io/test_sql.py
index c8f4d68230e5b..8e9f8266049c0 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/test_sql.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/test_sql.py
@@ -1678,11 +1678,9 @@ def test_api_roundtrip(conn, request, test_frame1):
 
     # HACK!
     if "adbc" in conn_name:
-        result = result.rename(columns={"__index_level_0__": "level_0"})
-    result.index = test_frame1.index
-    result.set_index("level_0", inplace=True)
-    result.index.astype(int)
-    result.index.name = None
+        result = result.drop(columns="__index_level_0__")
+    else:
+        result = result.drop(columns="level_0")
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, test_frame1)
 
 

From e6a8eb2756bd27994c64281b29e87c41c61eb3dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Mar 2024 13:01:56 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 17/39] Fix more tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_drop_duplicates.py | 13 +++++++++----
 pandas/tests/test_sorting.py                       |  1 -
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_drop_duplicates.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_drop_duplicates.py
index 6bea97b2cf189..419fb75cb3669 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_drop_duplicates.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_drop_duplicates.py
@@ -411,10 +411,15 @@ def test_drop_duplicates_inplace():
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "origin_dict, output_dict, ignore_index, output_index",
     [
-        ({"A": [2, 2, 3]}, {"A": [2, 3]}, True, [0, 1]),
-        ({"A": [2, 2, 3]}, {"A": [2, 3]}, False, [0, 2]),
-        ({"A": [2, 2, 3], "B": [2, 2, 4]}, {"A": [2, 3], "B": [2, 4]}, True, [0, 1]),
-        ({"A": [2, 2, 3], "B": [2, 2, 4]}, {"A": [2, 3], "B": [2, 4]}, False, [0, 2]),
+        ({"A": [2, 2, 3]}, {"A": [2, 3]}, True, range(2)),
+        ({"A": [2, 2, 3]}, {"A": [2, 3]}, False, range(0, 4, 2)),
+        ({"A": [2, 2, 3], "B": [2, 2, 4]}, {"A": [2, 3], "B": [2, 4]}, True, range(2)),
+        (
+            {"A": [2, 2, 3], "B": [2, 2, 4]},
+            {"A": [2, 3], "B": [2, 4]},
+            False,
+            range(0, 4, 2),
+        ),
     ],
 )
 def test_drop_duplicates_ignore_index(
diff --git a/pandas/tests/test_sorting.py b/pandas/tests/test_sorting.py
index 132608d7df115..29a0fec33237d 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/test_sorting.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/test_sorting.py
@@ -221,7 +221,6 @@ def test_int64_overflow_how_merge(self, left_right, join_type):
 
         out = merge(left, right, how="outer")
         out.sort_values(out.columns.tolist(), inplace=True)
-        out.index = np.arange(len(out))
         tm.assert_frame_equal(out, merge(left, right, how=join_type, sort=True))
 
     @pytest.mark.slow

From fb5a6fe1f70c1c2e854a254c420089dc752277df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Mar 2024 13:48:40 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 18/39] Fix more tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py  |  4 +--
 pandas/tests/groupby/test_filters.py        |  4 +--
 pandas/tests/series/methods/test_reindex.py | 28 +++++++++++----------
 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py
index 75e60a4816902..013da58e73845 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def test_compare_axis(align_axis):
     result = df.compare(df2, align_axis=align_axis)
 
     if align_axis in (1, "columns"):
-        indices = pd.Index([0, 2])
+        indices = pd.RangeIndex(0, 4, 2)
         columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([["col1", "col3"], ["self", "other"]])
         expected = pd.DataFrame(
             [["a", "c", np.nan, np.nan], [np.nan, np.nan, 3.0, 4.0]],
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def test_compare_axis(align_axis):
             columns=columns,
         )
     else:
-        indices = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([[0, 2], ["self", "other"]])
+        indices = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([range(0, 4, 2), ["self", "other"]])
         columns = pd.Index(["col1", "col3"])
         expected = pd.DataFrame(
             [["a", np.nan], ["c", np.nan], [np.nan, 3.0], [np.nan, 4.0]],
diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_filters.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_filters.py
index a34170e9b55db..37c48c325286d 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_filters.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_filters.py
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ def test_filter_using_len():
     actual = grouped.filter(lambda x: len(x) > 2)
     expected = DataFrame(
         {"A": np.arange(2, 6), "B": list("bbbb"), "C": np.arange(2, 6)},
-        index=np.arange(2, 6, dtype=np.int64),
+        index=range(2, 6),
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(actual, expected)
 
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ def test_filter_using_len():
     s = df["B"]
     grouped = s.groupby(s)
     actual = grouped.filter(lambda x: len(x) > 2)
-    expected = Series(4 * ["b"], index=np.arange(2, 6, dtype=np.int64), name="B")
+    expected = Series(4 * ["b"], index=range(2, 6), name="B")
     tm.assert_series_equal(actual, expected)
 
     actual = grouped.filter(lambda x: len(x) > 4)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_reindex.py b/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_reindex.py
index d049f446edb0c..831c2338045ff 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_reindex.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_reindex.py
@@ -234,13 +234,15 @@ def test_reindex_categorical():
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     # partial reindexing
-    expected = Series(Categorical(values=["b", "c"], categories=["a", "b", "c"]))
-    expected.index = [1, 2]
+    expected = Series(
+        Categorical(values=["b", "c"], categories=["a", "b", "c"]), index=range(1, 3)
+    )
     result = s.reindex([1, 2])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
-    expected = Series(Categorical(values=["c", np.nan], categories=["a", "b", "c"]))
-    expected.index = [2, 3]
+    expected = Series(
+        Categorical(values=["c", np.nan], categories=["a", "b", "c"]), index=range(2, 4)
+    )
     result = s.reindex([2, 3])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -261,11 +263,11 @@ def test_reindex_fill_value():
     # floats
     floats = Series([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
     result = floats.reindex([1, 2, 3])
-    expected = Series([2.0, 3.0, np.nan], index=[1, 2, 3])
+    expected = Series([2.0, 3.0, np.nan], index=range(1, 4))
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     result = floats.reindex([1, 2, 3], fill_value=0)
-    expected = Series([2.0, 3.0, 0], index=[1, 2, 3])
+    expected = Series([2.0, 3.0, 0], index=range(1, 4))
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     # -----------------------------------------------------------
@@ -273,12 +275,12 @@ def test_reindex_fill_value():
     ints = Series([1, 2, 3])
 
     result = ints.reindex([1, 2, 3])
-    expected = Series([2.0, 3.0, np.nan], index=[1, 2, 3])
+    expected = Series([2.0, 3.0, np.nan], index=range(1, 4))
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     # don't upcast
     result = ints.reindex([1, 2, 3], fill_value=0)
-    expected = Series([2, 3, 0], index=[1, 2, 3])
+    expected = Series([2, 3, 0], index=range(1, 4))
     assert issubclass(result.dtype.type, np.integer)
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -287,11 +289,11 @@ def test_reindex_fill_value():
     objects = Series([1, 2, 3], dtype=object)
 
     result = objects.reindex([1, 2, 3])
-    expected = Series([2, 3, np.nan], index=[1, 2, 3], dtype=object)
+    expected = Series([2, 3, np.nan], index=range(1, 4), dtype=object)
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     result = objects.reindex([1, 2, 3], fill_value="foo")
-    expected = Series([2, 3, "foo"], index=[1, 2, 3], dtype=object)
+    expected = Series([2, 3, "foo"], index=range(1, 4), dtype=object)
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -299,11 +301,11 @@ def test_reindex_fill_value():
     bools = Series([True, False, True])
 
     result = bools.reindex([1, 2, 3])
-    expected = Series([False, True, np.nan], index=[1, 2, 3], dtype=object)
+    expected = Series([False, True, np.nan], index=range(1, 4), dtype=object)
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     result = bools.reindex([1, 2, 3], fill_value=False)
-    expected = Series([False, True, False], index=[1, 2, 3])
+    expected = Series([False, True, False], index=range(1, 4))
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
@@ -318,7 +320,7 @@ def test_reindex_fill_value_datetimelike_upcast(dtype, fill_value):
     ser = Series([NaT], dtype=dtype)
 
     result = ser.reindex([0, 1], fill_value=fill_value)
-    expected = Series([NaT, fill_value], index=[0, 1], dtype=object)
+    expected = Series([NaT, fill_value], index=range(2), dtype=object)
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 

From 4df0b7b527605d961da0d1aabba0b7d297542e66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Mar 2024 14:06:14 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 19/39] Fix more tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py   | 5 +++--
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dropna.py    | 4 ++--
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_explode.py   | 2 +-
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_transpose.py | 3 +--
 pandas/tests/indexes/numeric/test_setops.py  | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py
index 013da58e73845..2ffc3f933e246 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_compare.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def test_compare_various_formats(keep_shape, keep_equal):
     result = df.compare(df2, keep_shape=keep_shape, keep_equal=keep_equal)
 
     if keep_shape:
-        indices = pd.Index([0, 1, 2])
+        indices = pd.RangeIndex(3)
         columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_product(
             [["col1", "col2", "col3"], ["self", "other"]]
         )
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def test_compare_various_formats(keep_shape, keep_equal):
                 columns=columns,
             )
     else:
-        indices = pd.Index([0, 2])
+        indices = pd.RangeIndex(0, 4, 2)
         columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([["col1", "col3"], ["self", "other"]])
         expected = pd.DataFrame(
             [["a", "c", 1.0, 1.0], ["c", "c", 3.0, 4.0]], index=indices, columns=columns
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ def test_compare_result_names():
         },
     )
     result = df1.compare(df2, result_names=("left", "right"))
+    result.index = pd.Index([0, 2])
     expected = pd.DataFrame(
         {
             ("col1", "left"): {0: "a", 2: np.nan},
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dropna.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dropna.py
index 7899b4aeac3fd..11893d7fac1a4 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dropna.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_dropna.py
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ def test_dropna_tz_aware_datetime(self):
         # Ex2
         df = DataFrame({"Time": [dt1, None, np.nan, dt2]})
         result = df.dropna(axis=0)
-        expected = DataFrame([dt1, dt2], columns=["Time"], index=[0, 3])
+        expected = DataFrame([dt1, dt2], columns=["Time"], index=range(0, 6, 3))
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_dropna_categorical_interval_index(self):
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def test_set_single_column_subset(self):
         # GH 41021
         df = DataFrame({"A": [1, 2, 3], "B": list("abc"), "C": [4, np.nan, 5]})
         expected = DataFrame(
-            {"A": [1, 3], "B": list("ac"), "C": [4.0, 5.0]}, index=[0, 2]
+            {"A": [1, 3], "B": list("ac"), "C": [4.0, 5.0]}, index=range(0, 4, 2)
         )
         result = df.dropna(subset="C")
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_explode.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_explode.py
index ca9764c023244..876ad5539d603 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_explode.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_explode.py
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def test_ignore_index():
     df = pd.DataFrame({"id": range(0, 20, 10), "values": [list("ab"), list("cd")]})
     result = df.explode("values", ignore_index=True)
     expected = pd.DataFrame(
-        {"id": [0, 0, 10, 10], "values": list("abcd")}, index=[0, 1, 2, 3]
+        {"id": [0, 0, 10, 10], "values": list("abcd")}, index=range(4)
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_transpose.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_transpose.py
index f42fd4483e9ac..1b7b30ac40363 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_transpose.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_transpose.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ def test_transpose_td64_intervals(self):
         df = DataFrame(ii)
 
         result = df.T
+        result.columns = Index(list(range(len(ii))))
         expected = DataFrame({i: ii[i : i + 1] for i in range(len(ii))})
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -153,7 +154,6 @@ def test_transpose_not_inferring_dt(self):
         result = df.T
         expected = DataFrame(
             [[Timestamp("2019-12-31"), Timestamp("2019-12-31")]],
-            columns=[0, 1],
             index=["a"],
             dtype=object,
         )
@@ -175,7 +175,6 @@ def test_transpose_not_inferring_dt_mixed_blocks(self):
                 [Timestamp("2019-12-31"), Timestamp("2019-12-31")],
                 [Timestamp("2019-12-31"), Timestamp("2019-12-31")],
             ],
-            columns=[0, 1],
             index=["a", "b"],
             dtype=object,
         )
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/numeric/test_setops.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/numeric/test_setops.py
index e9e5a57dfe9e5..5d3981dbf93d0 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/numeric/test_setops.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/numeric/test_setops.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def test_intersection(self):
 
         other = Index([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
         result = index.intersection(other)
-        expected = Index(np.sort(np.intersect1d(index.values, other.values)))
+        expected = Index(range(1, 5))
         tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
 
         result = other.intersection(index)

From 1e8f4a4d6867c051ba5052f15e00a87c1b0adb85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2024 13:17:40 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 20/39] Fix tests

---
 pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py | 12 ++++++++----
 pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py |  6 +++++-
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py b/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
index 11a9f4f22167f..1d2e694aeeb47 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
@@ -2326,7 +2326,8 @@ def test_str_split():
         {
             0: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["a", "a", None])),
             1: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["cbcb", "cbcb", None])),
-        }
+        },
+        columns=range(2),
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -2335,7 +2336,8 @@ def test_str_split():
         {
             0: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["a", "a2cbcb", None])),
             1: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["cbcb", None, None])),
-        }
+        },
+        columns=range(2),
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -2360,7 +2362,8 @@ def test_str_rsplit():
         {
             0: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["a1cb", "a2cb", None])),
             1: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["b", "b", None])),
-        }
+        },
+        columns=range(2),
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -2369,7 +2372,8 @@ def test_str_rsplit():
         {
             0: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["a", "a2cbcb", None])),
             1: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["cbcb", None, None])),
-        }
+        },
+        columns=range(2),
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
index 774e4c0b674c3..734cb99014bff 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
@@ -517,7 +517,11 @@ def test_as_index_select_column():
         lambda x: x.cumsum()
     )
     expected = Series(
-        [2, 6, 6], name="B", index=MultiIndex.from_arrays([[0, 0, 1], RangeIndex(3)])
+        [2, 6, 6],
+        name="B",
+        index=MultiIndex(
+            levels=[RangeIndex(2), RangeIndex(3)], codes=[[0, 0, 1], [0, 1, 2]]
+        ),
     )
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 

From 7b09af04ad0a047ec42cfdcf4bb3d1aa676e54c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2024 15:54:41 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 21/39] Adjust more tests

---
 pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py   | 6 +++---
 pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
index 734cb99014bff..600bd1a90bbce 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
@@ -1960,9 +1960,9 @@ def test_groups_sort_dropna(sort, dropna):
     df = DataFrame([[2.0, 1.0], [np.nan, 4.0], [0.0, 3.0]])
     keys = [(2.0, 1.0), (np.nan, 4.0), (0.0, 3.0)]
     values = [
-        Index([0], dtype="int64"),
-        Index([1], dtype="int64"),
-        Index([2], dtype="int64"),
+        RangeIndex(0, 1),
+        RangeIndex(1, 2),
+        RangeIndex(2, 3),
     ]
     if sort:
         taker = [2, 0] if dropna else [2, 0, 1]
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
index 78dbf877166a0..1a9e12d0a5988 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_indexing.py
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ def test_loc_range_in_series_indexing(self, size):
         # GH 11652
         s = Series(index=range(size), dtype=np.float64)
         s.loc[range(1)] = 42
-        tm.assert_series_equal(s.loc[range(1)], Series(42.0, index=[0]))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(s.loc[range(1)], Series(42.0, index=range(1)))
 
         s.loc[range(2)] = 43
         tm.assert_series_equal(s.loc[range(2)], Series(43.0, index=range(2)))

From d68c79f2541918df99d2ae41d25a2031ea030d44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2024 16:16:36 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 22/39] Adjust more tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py | 2 +-
 pandas/tests/indexes/test_common.py      | 4 +++-
 pandas/tests/indexes/test_old_base.py    | 5 +++--
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
index f9128bcf854cd..dfc8a259f4901 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
@@ -1418,7 +1418,7 @@ def test_stack_timezone_aware_values(future_stack):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("dropna", [True, False, lib.no_default])
 def test_stack_empty_frame(dropna, future_stack):
     # GH 36113
-    levels = [np.array([], dtype=np.int64), np.array([], dtype=np.int64)]
+    levels = [pd.RangeIndex(0), pd.RangeIndex(0)]
     expected = Series(dtype=np.float64, index=MultiIndex(levels=levels, codes=[[], []]))
     if future_stack and dropna is not lib.no_default:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="dropna must be unspecified"):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/test_common.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/test_common.py
index eb0010066a7f6..54dd099e1376c 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/test_common.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/test_common.py
@@ -223,7 +223,9 @@ def test_unique(self, index_flat):
             pass
 
         result = idx.unique()
-        tm.assert_index_equal(result, idx_unique)
+        tm.assert_index_equal(
+            result, idx_unique, exact=not isinstance(index, RangeIndex)
+        )
 
         # nans:
         if not index._can_hold_na:
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/test_old_base.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/test_old_base.py
index 85eec7b7c018d..a4d46d710c568 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/test_old_base.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/test_old_base.py
@@ -809,8 +809,9 @@ def test_append_preserves_dtype(self, simple_index):
 
         result = index.append(index)
         assert result.dtype == index.dtype
-        tm.assert_index_equal(result[:N], index, check_exact=True)
-        tm.assert_index_equal(result[N:], index, check_exact=True)
+
+        tm.assert_index_equal(result[:N], index, exact=False, check_exact=True)
+        tm.assert_index_equal(result[N:], index, exact=False, check_exact=True)
 
         alt = index.take(list(range(N)) * 2)
         tm.assert_index_equal(result, alt, check_exact=True)

From b7e96fe60627db2214b2afeeebb37313ed3ec243 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2024 16:25:29 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 23/39] Fix some tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py | 4 ++--
 pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py       | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py b/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py
index 49e5c4aff5afe..c180dbe915be0 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ def test_single_element_ix_dont_upcast(self, float_frame):
         result = df.loc[0, "b"]
         assert is_integer(result)
 
-        expected = Series([666], [0], name="b")
+        expected = Series([666], index=range(1), name="b")
         result = df.loc[[0], "b"]
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -1470,7 +1470,7 @@ def test_iloc_ea_series_indexer(self):
         indexer = Series([0, 1], dtype="Int64")
         row_indexer = Series([1], dtype="Int64")
         result = df.iloc[row_indexer, indexer]
-        expected = DataFrame([[5, 6]], index=[1])
+        expected = DataFrame([[5, 6]], index=range(1, 2))
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
         result = df.iloc[row_indexer.values, indexer.values]
diff --git a/pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py b/pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py
index 9d93a05cf1761..3b2c53cab7497 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/tools/test_to_datetime.py
@@ -1968,6 +1968,7 @@ def test_dataframe(self, df, cache):
 
         # dict-like
         result = to_datetime(df[["year", "month", "day"]].to_dict(), cache=cache)
+        expected.index = Index([0, 1])
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_dataframe_dict_with_constructable(self, df, cache):
@@ -1976,7 +1977,8 @@ def test_dataframe_dict_with_constructable(self, df, cache):
         df2["month"] = 2
         result = to_datetime(df2, cache=cache)
         expected2 = Series(
-            [Timestamp("20150204 00:00:00"), Timestamp("20160205 00:0:00")]
+            [Timestamp("20150204 00:00:00"), Timestamp("20160205 00:0:00")],
+            index=Index([0, 1]),
         )
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected2)
 

From 2c9042cf329836896a67b0e0b7fd0d939a3b1763 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2024 11:12:37 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 24/39] Adjust tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py | 14 ++++++++------
 pandas/tests/frame/test_query_eval.py       |  9 +++++----
 pandas/tests/reductions/test_reductions.py  |  2 +-
 pandas/tests/strings/test_strings.py        |  6 +++---
 pandas/tests/window/test_expanding.py       | 12 ++++++------
 pandas/tests/window/test_pairwise.py        | 13 +++++++------
 6 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py
index 7b6a0487c296a..e704b6fc181b3 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ def test_nlargest_n(self, nselect_method, n, order):
         else:
             ascending = nselect_method == "nsmallest"
             result = getattr(df, nselect_method)(n, order)
+            result.index = pd.Index(list(result.index))
             expected = df.sort_values(order, ascending=ascending).head(n)
             tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ def test_nlargest_n_identical_values(self):
         df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1] * 5, "b": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]})
 
         result = df.nlargest(3, "a")
-        expected = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1] * 3, "b": [1, 2, 3]}, index=[0, 1, 2])
+        expected = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1] * 3, "b": [1, 2, 3]}, index=range(3))
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
         result = df.nsmallest(3, "a")
@@ -179,8 +180,8 @@ def test_nlargest_duplicate_keep_all_ties(self):
         result = df.nlargest(4, "a", keep="all")
         expected = pd.DataFrame(
             {
-                "a": {0: 5, 1: 4, 2: 4, 4: 3, 5: 3, 6: 3, 7: 3},
-                "b": {0: 10, 1: 9, 2: 8, 4: 5, 5: 50, 6: 10, 7: 20},
+                "a": [5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3],
+                "b": [10, 9, 8, 5, 50, 10, 20],
             }
         )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@@ -188,9 +189,10 @@ def test_nlargest_duplicate_keep_all_ties(self):
         result = df.nsmallest(2, "a", keep="all")
         expected = pd.DataFrame(
             {
-                "a": {3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 3, 6: 3, 7: 3},
-                "b": {3: 7, 4: 5, 5: 50, 6: 10, 7: 20},
-            }
+                "a": [2, 3, 3, 3, 3],
+                "b": [7, 5, 50, 10, 20],
+            },
+            index=range(3, 8),
         )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_query_eval.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_query_eval.py
index d2e36eb6147e7..3d7dd0e2b006a 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_query_eval.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_query_eval.py
@@ -1144,6 +1144,7 @@ def test_query_string_null_elements(self, in_list):
         df_expected = DataFrame({"a": expected}, dtype="string")
         df_expected.index = df_expected.index.astype("int64")
         df = DataFrame({"a": in_list}, dtype="string")
+        df.index = Index(list(df.index), dtype=df.index.dtype)
         res1 = df.query("a == 'asdf'", parser=parser, engine=engine)
         res2 = df[df["a"] == "asdf"]
         res3 = df.query("a <= 'asdf'", parser=parser, engine=engine)
@@ -1386,12 +1387,12 @@ def test_query_ea_dtypes(self, dtype):
         if dtype == "int64[pyarrow]":
             pytest.importorskip("pyarrow")
         # GH#50261
-        df = DataFrame({"a": Series([1, 2], dtype=dtype)})
+        df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 2]}, dtype=dtype)
         ref = {2}  # noqa: F841
         warning = RuntimeWarning if dtype == "Int64" and NUMEXPR_INSTALLED else None
         with tm.assert_produces_warning(warning):
             result = df.query("a in @ref")
-        expected = DataFrame({"a": Series([2], dtype=dtype, index=[1])})
+        expected = DataFrame({"a": [2]}, index=range(1, 2), dtype=dtype)
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("engine", ["python", "numexpr"])
@@ -1410,8 +1411,8 @@ def test_query_ea_equality_comparison(self, dtype, engine):
             result = df.query("A == B", engine=engine)
         expected = DataFrame(
             {
-                "A": Series([1, 2], dtype="Int64", index=[0, 2]),
-                "B": Series([1, 2], dtype=dtype, index=[0, 2]),
+                "A": Series([1, 2], dtype="Int64", index=range(0, 4, 2)),
+                "B": Series([1, 2], dtype=dtype, index=range(0, 4, 2)),
             }
         )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/reductions/test_reductions.py b/pandas/tests/reductions/test_reductions.py
index 91ee13ecd87dd..8b8d292d8df86 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/reductions/test_reductions.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/reductions/test_reductions.py
@@ -1588,7 +1588,7 @@ def test_mode_boolean_with_na(self):
         # GH#42107
         ser = Series([True, False, True, pd.NA], dtype="boolean")
         result = ser.mode()
-        expected = Series({0: True}, dtype="boolean")
+        expected = Series([True], dtype="boolean")
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
diff --git a/pandas/tests/strings/test_strings.py b/pandas/tests/strings/test_strings.py
index 25e4e1f9ec50c..1ea1b030604a3 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/strings/test_strings.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/strings/test_strings.py
@@ -119,16 +119,16 @@ def test_empty_str_methods(any_string_dtype):
     tm.assert_series_equal(empty_str, empty.str.repeat(3))
     tm.assert_series_equal(empty_bool, empty.str.match("^a"))
     tm.assert_frame_equal(
-        DataFrame(columns=[0], dtype=any_string_dtype),
+        DataFrame(columns=range(1), dtype=any_string_dtype),
         empty.str.extract("()", expand=True),
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(
-        DataFrame(columns=[0, 1], dtype=any_string_dtype),
+        DataFrame(columns=range(2), dtype=any_string_dtype),
         empty.str.extract("()()", expand=True),
     )
     tm.assert_series_equal(empty_str, empty.str.extract("()", expand=False))
     tm.assert_frame_equal(
-        DataFrame(columns=[0, 1], dtype=any_string_dtype),
+        DataFrame(columns=range(2), dtype=any_string_dtype),
         empty.str.extract("()()", expand=False),
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(empty_df.set_axis([], axis=1), empty.str.get_dummies())
diff --git a/pandas/tests/window/test_expanding.py b/pandas/tests/window/test_expanding.py
index d375010aff3cc..31c495359224e 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/window/test_expanding.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/window/test_expanding.py
@@ -502,8 +502,8 @@ def test_expanding_apply_min_periods_0(engine_and_raw):
 
 def test_expanding_cov_diff_index():
     # GH 7512
-    s1 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=[0, 1, 2])
-    s2 = Series([1, 3], index=[0, 2])
+    s1 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=range(3))
+    s2 = Series([1, 3], index=range(0, 4, 2))
     result = s1.expanding().cov(s2)
     expected = Series([None, None, 2.0])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
@@ -515,14 +515,14 @@ def test_expanding_cov_diff_index():
     s1 = Series([7, 8, 10], index=[0, 1, 3])
     s2 = Series([7, 9, 10], index=[0, 2, 3])
     result = s1.expanding().cov(s2)
-    expected = Series([None, None, None, 4.5])
+    expected = Series([None, None, None, 4.5], index=list(range(4)))
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
 def test_expanding_corr_diff_index():
     # GH 7512
-    s1 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=[0, 1, 2])
-    s2 = Series([1, 3], index=[0, 2])
+    s1 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=range(3))
+    s2 = Series([1, 3], index=range(0, 4, 2))
     result = s1.expanding().corr(s2)
     expected = Series([None, None, 1.0])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ def test_expanding_corr_diff_index():
     s1 = Series([7, 8, 10], index=[0, 1, 3])
     s2 = Series([7, 9, 10], index=[0, 2, 3])
     result = s1.expanding().corr(s2)
-    expected = Series([None, None, None, 1.0])
+    expected = Series([None, None, None, 1.0], index=list(range(4)))
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/window/test_pairwise.py b/pandas/tests/window/test_pairwise.py
index 6fae79ee70702..d23c6501ed1d1 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/window/test_pairwise.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/window/test_pairwise.py
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ def test_flex_binary_frame(method, frame):
     )
 
     res3 = getattr(frame.rolling(window=10), method)(frame2)
+    res3.columns = Index(list(res3.columns))
     exp = DataFrame(
         {k: getattr(frame[k].rolling(window=10), method)(frame2[k]) for k in frame}
     )
@@ -143,26 +144,26 @@ def test_corr_sanity():
 
 def test_rolling_cov_diff_length():
     # GH 7512
-    s1 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=[0, 1, 2])
-    s2 = Series([1, 3], index=[0, 2])
+    s1 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=range(3))
+    s2 = Series([1, 3], index=range(0, 4, 2))
     result = s1.rolling(window=3, min_periods=2).cov(s2)
     expected = Series([None, None, 2.0])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
-    s2a = Series([1, None, 3], index=[0, 1, 2])
+    s2a = Series([1, None, 3], index=range(3))
     result = s1.rolling(window=3, min_periods=2).cov(s2a)
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
 def test_rolling_corr_diff_length():
     # GH 7512
-    s1 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=[0, 1, 2])
-    s2 = Series([1, 3], index=[0, 2])
+    s1 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=range(3))
+    s2 = Series([1, 3], index=range(0, 4, 2))
     result = s1.rolling(window=3, min_periods=2).corr(s2)
     expected = Series([None, None, 1.0])
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
-    s2a = Series([1, None, 3], index=[0, 1, 2])
+    s2a = Series([1, None, 3], index=range(3))
     result = s1.rolling(window=3, min_periods=2).corr(s2a)
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 

From 000a93dae5b2febe072a044bbf9722ca5dfa00a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2024 11:15:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 25/39] Fix test

---
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py
index e704b6fc181b3..56bb3126455a5 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_nlargest.py
@@ -182,7 +182,8 @@ def test_nlargest_duplicate_keep_all_ties(self):
             {
                 "a": [5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3],
                 "b": [10, 9, 8, 5, 50, 10, 20],
-            }
+            },
+            index=[0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7],
         )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 

From b9dd2e5636346820b8d1e28675dd58637f55d58f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2024 11:19:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 26/39] Fix more test

---
 pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_setitem.py | 2 +-
 pandas/tests/io/xml/test_xml.py             | 5 +++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_setitem.py b/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_setitem.py
index 658fafd3ea2cc..092bfd800f492 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_setitem.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_setitem.py
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def test_setitem_timestamp_empty_columns(self):
         df["now"] = Timestamp("20130101", tz="UTC").as_unit("ns")
 
         expected = DataFrame(
-            [[Timestamp("20130101", tz="UTC")]] * 3, index=[0, 1, 2], columns=["now"]
+            [[Timestamp("20130101", tz="UTC")]] * 3, index=range(3), columns=["now"]
         )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/xml/test_xml.py b/pandas/tests/io/xml/test_xml.py
index 97599722cb93f..33dab1dea0291 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/xml/test_xml.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/xml/test_xml.py
@@ -243,7 +243,8 @@
                 "-87.65362593118043,41.94742799535678,0"
             ),
         },
-    }
+    },
+    index=range(5),
 )
 
 
@@ -413,7 +414,7 @@ def test_string_charset(parser):
 
     df_str = read_xml(StringIO(txt), parser=parser)
 
-    df_expected = DataFrame({"c1": 1, "c2": 2}, index=[0])
+    df_expected = DataFrame({"c1": 1, "c2": 2}, index=range(1))
 
     tm.assert_frame_equal(df_str, df_expected)
 

From 76058f2418ff72621c2dae9b3791baa8514106f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Mar 2024 17:40:19 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 27/39] Adjust more tests

---
 pandas/tests/extension/base/setitem.py                   | 2 +-
 pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py                 | 4 ++--
 pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/methods/test_to_series.py | 2 +-
 pandas/tests/indexes/timedeltas/test_timedelta.py        | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/base/setitem.py b/pandas/tests/extension/base/setitem.py
index 3fb2fc09eaa79..68fc79a141621 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/base/setitem.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/base/setitem.py
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ def test_setitem_preserves_views(self, data):
 
     def test_setitem_with_expansion_dataframe_column(self, data, full_indexer):
         # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/32395
-        df = expected = pd.DataFrame({0: pd.Series(data)})
+        df = expected = pd.DataFrame(pd.Series(data))
         result = pd.DataFrame(index=df.index)
 
         key = full_indexer(df)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
index dfc8a259f4901..678fb9eba617f 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
@@ -2506,7 +2506,7 @@ def test_multi_level_stack_categorical(self, future_stack):
                     ]
                 ),
             )
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_index_type=False)
 
     @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(
         "ignore:The previous implementation of stack is deprecated"
@@ -2643,7 +2643,7 @@ def test_stack_tuple_columns(future_stack):
     expected = Series(
         [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
         index=MultiIndex(
-            levels=[[0, 1, 2], [("a", 1), ("a", 2), ("b", 1)]],
+            levels=[range(3), [("a", 1), ("a", 2), ("b", 1)]],
             codes=[[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2], [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]],
         ),
     )
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/methods/test_to_series.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/methods/test_to_series.py
index 0c397c8ab2cd3..cd67775b7a5fc 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/methods/test_to_series.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/methods/test_to_series.py
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ def test_to_series(self):
         idx = naive.tz_localize("US/Pacific")
 
         expected = Series(np.array(idx.tolist(), dtype="object"), name="B")
-        result = idx.to_series(index=[0, 1])
+        result = idx.to_series(index=range(2))
         assert expected.dtype == idx.dtype
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/timedeltas/test_timedelta.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/timedeltas/test_timedelta.py
index 3120066741ffa..2066be8976e7f 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/timedeltas/test_timedelta.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/timedeltas/test_timedelta.py
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ def test_fields(self):
         s = Series(rng)
         s[1] = np.nan
 
-        tm.assert_series_equal(s.dt.days, Series([1, np.nan], index=[0, 1]))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(s.dt.days, Series([1, np.nan], index=range(2)))
         tm.assert_series_equal(
-            s.dt.seconds, Series([10 * 3600 + 11 * 60 + 12, np.nan], index=[0, 1])
+            s.dt.seconds, Series([10 * 3600 + 11 * 60 + 12, np.nan], index=range(2))
         )
 
         # preserve name (GH15589)

From 218a0eadaab7bcd5e2e06439e351a4229901a998 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 13:29:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 28/39] Undo some strictness checking

---
 pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py      |  4 +---
 pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py |  8 ++++----
 pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py     | 12 ++++--------
 pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py  | 24 +++++++++++-------------
 pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py       |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py b/pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py
index fc29ae8351df2..8c7d8ff491cd3 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/base/dim2.py
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ def test_frame_from_2d_array(self, data):
         arr2d = data.repeat(2).reshape(-1, 2)
 
         df = pd.DataFrame(arr2d)
-        expected = pd.DataFrame(
-            {0: arr2d[:, 0], 1: arr2d[:, 1]}, columns=pd.RangeIndex(2)
-        )
+        expected = pd.DataFrame({0: arr2d[:, 0], 1: arr2d[:, 1]})
         tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
 
     def test_swapaxes(self, data):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py b/pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py
index 43822f2bd2d5a..e3d0933ad4815 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/base/reshaping.py
@@ -33,18 +33,18 @@ def test_concat(self, data, in_frame):
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("in_frame", [True, False])
     def test_concat_all_na_block(self, data_missing, in_frame):
-        valid_block = pd.Series(data_missing.take([1, 1]), index=[0, 1])
-        na_block = pd.Series(data_missing.take([0, 0]), index=[2, 3])
+        valid_block = pd.Series(data_missing.take([1, 1]), index=range(2))
+        na_block = pd.Series(data_missing.take([0, 0]), index=range(2, 4))
         if in_frame:
             valid_block = pd.DataFrame({"a": valid_block})
             na_block = pd.DataFrame({"a": na_block})
         result = pd.concat([valid_block, na_block])
         if in_frame:
             expected = pd.DataFrame({"a": data_missing.take([1, 1, 0, 0])})
-            tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_index_type=False)
+            tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
         else:
             expected = pd.Series(data_missing.take([1, 1, 0, 0]))
-            tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected, check_index_type=False)
+            tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_concat_mixed_dtypes(self, data):
         # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/20762
diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py b/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
index 3c0ed1cba4cc8..9b2251d0b7d4a 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
@@ -2322,8 +2322,7 @@ def test_str_split():
         {
             0: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["a", "a", None])),
             1: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["cbcb", "cbcb", None])),
-        },
-        columns=range(2),
+        }
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -2332,8 +2331,7 @@ def test_str_split():
         {
             0: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["a", "a2cbcb", None])),
             1: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["cbcb", None, None])),
-        },
-        columns=range(2),
+        }
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -2358,8 +2356,7 @@ def test_str_rsplit():
         {
             0: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["a1cb", "a2cb", None])),
             1: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["b", "b", None])),
-        },
-        columns=range(2),
+        }
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -2368,8 +2365,7 @@ def test_str_rsplit():
         {
             0: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["a", "a2cbcb", None])),
             1: ArrowExtensionArray(pa.array(["cbcb", None, None])),
-        },
-        columns=range(2),
+        }
     )
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
index 623eabf35e09e..e31be0d3438e8 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def test_constructor_from_2d_datetimearray(self):
 
         df = DataFrame(dta)
         expected = DataFrame({0: dta[:, 0], 1: dta[:, 1]})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected, check_column_type=False)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
         # GH#44724 big performance hit if we de-consolidate
         assert len(df._mgr.blocks) == 1
 
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ def test_nested_dict_frame_constructor(self):
                 data.setdefault(col, {})[row] = df._get_value(row, col)
 
         result = DataFrame(data, columns=rng)
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df, check_index_type=False)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)
 
         data = {}
         for col in df.columns:
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ def test_nested_dict_frame_constructor(self):
                 data.setdefault(row, {})[col] = df._get_value(row, col)
 
         result = DataFrame(data, index=rng).T
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df, check_index_type=False)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)
 
     def _check_basic_constructor(self, empty):
         # mat: 2d matrix with shape (3, 2) to input. empty - makes sized
@@ -1266,10 +1266,10 @@ def test_constructor_list_of_lists(self, using_infer_string):
 
         # GH 4851
         # list of 0-dim ndarrays
-        expected = DataFrame({0: np.arange(10)})
+        expected = DataFrame(np.arange(10))
         data = [np.array(x) for x in range(10)]
         result = DataFrame(data)
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_column_type=False)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_nested_pandasarray_matches_nested_ndarray(self):
         # GH#43986
@@ -1403,9 +1403,7 @@ def test_constructor_generator(self):
         gen = ([i, "a"] for i in range(10))
         result = DataFrame(gen)
         expected = DataFrame({0: range(10), 1: "a"})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(
-            result, expected, check_dtype=False, check_column_type=False
-        )
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_dtype=False)
 
     def test_constructor_list_of_dicts(self):
         result = DataFrame([{}])
@@ -1651,8 +1649,8 @@ def test_constructor_Series_named(self):
 
         # this is a bit non-intuitive here; the series collapse down to arrays
         df = DataFrame([arr, s1]).T
-        expected = DataFrame({1: s1, 0: arr}, columns=[0, 1])
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected, check_column_type=False)
+        expected = DataFrame({1: s1, 0: arr}, columns=range(2))
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
 
     def test_constructor_Series_named_and_columns(self):
         # GH 9232 validation
@@ -2187,7 +2185,7 @@ def test_constructor_ndarray_categorical_dtype(self):
         result = DataFrame(arr, dtype=cat.dtype)
 
         expected = DataFrame({0: cat, 1: cat, 2: cat, 3: cat})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_column_type=False)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
     def test_constructor_categorical(self):
         # GH8626
@@ -2583,7 +2581,7 @@ def test_from_2d_object_array_of_periods_or_intervals(self):
         data3 = np.r_[data, data2, data, data2].T
         df3 = DataFrame(data3)
         expected = DataFrame({0: pi, 1: ii, 2: pi, 3: ii})
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df3, expected, check_column_type=False)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df3, expected)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "col_a, col_b",
@@ -2676,7 +2674,7 @@ def test_frame_string_inference_array_string_dtype(self):
         expected = DataFrame({0: ["a", "b"], 1: ["c", "d"]}, dtype=dtype)
         with pd.option_context("future.infer_string", True):
             df = DataFrame(np.array([["a", "c"], ["b", "d"]]))
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected, check_column_type=False)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
 
         expected = DataFrame(
             {"a": ["a", "b"], "b": ["c", "d"]},
diff --git a/pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py b/pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py
index 6b19c1c68f41a..4007320b5de33 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/window/test_dtypes.py
@@ -170,4 +170,4 @@ def test_dataframe_dtypes(method, expected_data, dtypes, min_periods, step):
     else:
         result = getattr(rolled, method)()
         expected = DataFrame(expected_data, dtype="float64")[::step]
-        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_column_type=False)
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

From 21502e77e7f36aee0b230c37cf5261be8ab00b58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 16:10:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 29/39] update tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py |  2 +-
 pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py   | 14 +++++++-------
 pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py   |  3 +--
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
index e31be0d3438e8..58cdc6b0efa3d 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ def test_constructor_invalid_items_unused(self, scalar):
         expected = DataFrame(columns=["b"])
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [2, np.nan, None, float("nan")])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [4, np.nan, None, float("nan")])
     def test_constructor_dict_nan_key(self, value):
         # GH 18455
         cols = [1, value, 3]
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
index fbed3002a780f..491df49f839eb 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_reductions.py
@@ -1184,21 +1184,21 @@ def test_idxmax_mixed_dtype(self):
         df = DataFrame({1: [0, 2, 1], 2: range(3)[::-1], 3: dti})
 
         result = df.idxmax()
-        expected = Series([1, 0, 2], index=[1, 2, 3])
+        expected = Series([1, 0, 2], index=range(1, 4))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
         result = df.idxmin()
-        expected = Series([0, 2, 0], index=[1, 2, 3])
+        expected = Series([0, 2, 0], index=range(1, 4))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
         # with NaTs
         df.loc[0, 3] = pd.NaT
         result = df.idxmax()
-        expected = Series([1, 0, 2], index=[1, 2, 3])
+        expected = Series([1, 0, 2], index=range(1, 4))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
         result = df.idxmin()
-        expected = Series([0, 2, 1], index=[1, 2, 3])
+        expected = Series([0, 2, 1], index=range(1, 4))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
         # with multi-column dt64 block
@@ -1206,11 +1206,11 @@ def test_idxmax_mixed_dtype(self):
         df._consolidate_inplace()
 
         result = df.idxmax()
-        expected = Series([1, 0, 2, 0], index=[1, 2, 3, 4])
+        expected = Series([1, 0, 2, 0], index=range(1, 5))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
         result = df.idxmin()
-        expected = Series([0, 2, 1, 2], index=[1, 2, 3, 4])
+        expected = Series([0, 2, 1, 2], index=range(1, 5))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -1833,7 +1833,7 @@ def test_df_empty_min_count_0(self, opname, dtype, exp_value, exp_dtype):
         df = DataFrame({0: [], 1: []}, dtype=dtype)
         result = getattr(df, opname)(min_count=0)
 
-        expected = Series([exp_value, exp_value], dtype=exp_dtype, index=Index([0, 1]))
+        expected = Series([exp_value, exp_value], dtype=exp_dtype, index=range(2))
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py
index 6756c565387a7..3d5b1f098e568 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py
@@ -1034,7 +1034,6 @@ def test_read_excel_multiindex(self, request, engine, read_ext):
                 [4, 5.5, pd.Timestamp("2015-01-04"), True],
             ],
             columns=mi,
-            index=Index([0, 1, 2, 3], dtype="int64"),
         )
         expected[mi[2]] = expected[mi[2]].astype(f"M8[{unit}]")
 
@@ -1066,7 +1065,7 @@ def test_read_excel_multiindex(self, request, engine, read_ext):
         tm.assert_frame_equal(actual, expected)
 
         # "mi_column_name" sheet
-        expected.index = list(range(4))
+        expected.index = range(4)
         expected.columns = mi.set_names(["c1", "c2"])
         actual = pd.read_excel(
             mi_file, sheet_name="mi_column_name", header=[0, 1], index_col=0

From bd36fa5c93cb08652ac14126f93e4d38711c7871 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 16:36:34 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 30/39] Adjust more tests

---
 pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py  |  8 +++----
 pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py | 28 ++++++++++++++----------
 pandas/tests/indexing/test_loc.py        |  8 +++----
 3 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
index 58cdc6b0efa3d..5f22a7f3aee5d 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py
@@ -851,10 +851,10 @@ def create_data(constructor):
 
         expected = DataFrame(
             [
-                {0: 0, 1: None, 2: None, 3: None},
-                {0: None, 1: 2, 2: None, 3: None},
-                {0: None, 1: None, 2: 4, 3: None},
-                {0: None, 1: None, 2: None, 3: 6},
+                [0, None, None, None],
+                [None, 2, None, None],
+                [None, None, 4, None],
+                [None, None, None, 6],
             ],
             index=[Timestamp(dt) for dt in dates_as_str],
         )
diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py b/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
index 678fb9eba617f..301c2fbe1a3a7 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/test_stack_unstack.py
@@ -714,13 +714,13 @@ def test_unstack_unused_levels(self):
         df = DataFrame([[1, 0]] * 3, index=idx)
 
         result = df.unstack()
-        exp_col = MultiIndex.from_product([[0, 1], ["A", "B", "C"]])
+        exp_col = MultiIndex.from_product([range(2), ["A", "B", "C"]])
         expected = DataFrame([[1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]], index=["a"], columns=exp_col)
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
         assert (result.columns.levels[1] == idx.levels[1]).all()
 
         # Unused items on both levels
-        levels = [[0, 1, 7], [0, 1, 2, 3]]
+        levels = [range(3), range(4)]
         codes = [[0, 0, 1, 1], [0, 2, 0, 2]]
         idx = MultiIndex(levels, codes)
         block = np.arange(4).reshape(2, 2)
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ def test_unstack_unused_levels_mixed_with_nan(
         result = df.unstack(level=level)
         exp_data = np.zeros(18) * np.nan
         exp_data[idces] = data
-        cols = MultiIndex.from_product([[0, 1], col_level])
+        cols = MultiIndex.from_product([range(2), col_level])
         expected = DataFrame(exp_data.reshape(3, 6), index=idx_level, columns=cols)
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
@@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ def test_stack_datetime_column_multiIndex(self, future_stack):
         with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
             result = df.stack(future_stack=future_stack)
 
-        eidx = MultiIndex.from_product([(0, 1, 2, 3), ("B",)])
+        eidx = MultiIndex.from_product([range(4), ("B",)])
         ecols = MultiIndex.from_tuples([(t, "A")])
         expected = DataFrame([1, 2, 3, 4], index=eidx, columns=ecols)
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ def test_stack_full_multiIndex(self, future_stack):
         expected = DataFrame(
             [[0, 2], [1, np.nan], [3, 5], [4, np.nan]],
             index=MultiIndex(
-                levels=[[0, 1], ["u", "x", "y", "z"]],
+                levels=[range(2), ["u", "x", "y", "z"]],
                 codes=[[0, 0, 1, 1], [1, 3, 1, 3]],
                 names=[None, "Lower"],
             ),
@@ -1201,7 +1201,7 @@ def test_stack_multi_preserve_categorical_dtype(
         s_cidx = pd.CategoricalIndex(labels, ordered=ordered)
         expected_data = sorted(data) if future_stack else data
         expected = Series(
-            expected_data, index=MultiIndex.from_product([[0], s_cidx, cidx2])
+            expected_data, index=MultiIndex.from_product([range(1), s_cidx, cidx2])
         )
 
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ def test_stack_preserve_categorical_dtype_values(self, future_stack):
         cat = pd.Categorical(["a", "a", "b", "c"])
         df = DataFrame({"A": cat, "B": cat})
         result = df.stack(future_stack=future_stack)
-        index = MultiIndex.from_product([[0, 1, 2, 3], ["A", "B"]])
+        index = MultiIndex.from_product([range(4), ["A", "B"]])
         expected = Series(
             pd.Categorical(["a", "a", "a", "a", "b", "b", "c", "c"]), index=index
         )
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ def test_unstack_mixed_extension_types(self, level):
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("level", [0, "baz"])
     def test_unstack_swaplevel_sortlevel(self, level):
         # GH 20994
-        mi = MultiIndex.from_product([[0], ["d", "c"]], names=["bar", "baz"])
+        mi = MultiIndex.from_product([range(1), ["d", "c"]], names=["bar", "baz"])
         df = DataFrame([[0, 2], [1, 3]], index=mi, columns=["B", "A"])
         df.columns.name = "foo"
 
@@ -1325,7 +1325,9 @@ def test_unstack_sort_false(frame_or_series, dtype):
     result = obj.unstack(level=-1, sort=False)
 
     if frame_or_series is DataFrame:
-        expected_columns = MultiIndex.from_tuples([(0, "b"), (0, "a")])
+        expected_columns = MultiIndex(
+            levels=[range(1), ["b", "a"]], codes=[[0, 0], [0, 1]]
+        )
     else:
         expected_columns = ["b", "a"]
     expected = DataFrame(
@@ -1341,7 +1343,9 @@ def test_unstack_sort_false(frame_or_series, dtype):
     result = obj.unstack(level=[1, 2], sort=False)
 
     if frame_or_series is DataFrame:
-        expected_columns = MultiIndex.from_tuples([(0, "z", "b"), (0, "y", "a")])
+        expected_columns = MultiIndex(
+            levels=[range(1), ["z", "y"], ["b", "a"]], codes=[[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 1]]
+        )
     else:
         expected_columns = MultiIndex.from_tuples([("z", "b"), ("y", "a")])
     expected = DataFrame(
@@ -1496,7 +1500,9 @@ def test_stack_positional_level_duplicate_column_names(future_stack):
     result = df.stack(0, future_stack=future_stack)
 
     new_columns = Index(["y", "z"], name="a")
-    new_index = MultiIndex.from_tuples([(0, "x"), (0, "y")], names=[None, "a"])
+    new_index = MultiIndex(
+        levels=[range(1), ["x", "y"]], codes=[[0, 0], [0, 1]], names=[None, "a"]
+    )
     expected = DataFrame([[1, 1], [1, 1]], index=new_index, columns=new_columns)
 
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_loc.py b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_loc.py
index c01a8647dd07d..13edc4e643eb0 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_loc.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_loc.py
@@ -1974,7 +1974,7 @@ def test_loc_setitem_empty_series(self):
         # partially set with an empty object series
         ser = Series(dtype=object)
         ser.loc[1] = 1
-        tm.assert_series_equal(ser, Series([1], index=[1]))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(ser, Series([1], index=range(1, 2)))
         ser.loc[3] = 3
         tm.assert_series_equal(ser, Series([1, 3], index=[1, 3]))
 
@@ -1984,7 +1984,7 @@ def test_loc_setitem_empty_series_float(self):
         # partially set with an empty object series
         ser = Series(dtype=object)
         ser.loc[1] = 1.0
-        tm.assert_series_equal(ser, Series([1.0], index=[1]))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(ser, Series([1.0], index=range(1, 2)))
         ser.loc[3] = 3.0
         tm.assert_series_equal(ser, Series([1.0, 3.0], index=[1, 3]))
 
@@ -2107,7 +2107,7 @@ def test_loc_setitem_with_expansion_nonunique_index(self, index):
         N = len(index)
         arr = np.arange(N).astype(np.int64)
 
-        orig = DataFrame(arr, index=index, columns=[0])
+        orig = DataFrame(arr, index=index)
 
         # key that will requiring object-dtype casting in the index
         key = "kapow"
@@ -2120,7 +2120,7 @@ def test_loc_setitem_with_expansion_nonunique_index(self, index):
         else:
             assert exp_index[-1] == key
         exp_data = np.arange(N + 1).astype(np.float64)
-        expected = DataFrame(exp_data, index=exp_index, columns=[0])
+        expected = DataFrame(exp_data, index=exp_index)
 
         # Add new row, but no new columns
         df = orig.copy()

From 7808f3523049f8ac0b7a7bd21ecf573b5e79c2cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 16:38:37 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 31/39] Another test

---
 pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py b/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py
index c180dbe915be0..32b00043041fe 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_indexing.py
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ def test_type_error_multiindex(self):
         # See gh-12218
         mi = MultiIndex.from_product([["x", "y"], [0, 1]], names=[None, "c"])
         dg = DataFrame(
-            [[1, 1, 2, 2], [3, 3, 4, 4]], columns=mi, index=Index([0, 1], name="i")
+            [[1, 1, 2, 2], [3, 3, 4, 4]], columns=mi, index=Index(range(2), name="i")
         )
         with pytest.raises(InvalidIndexError, match="slice"):
             dg[:, 0]

From 6b9c4594073d9b012f77f81d9c8a837dd5e1ede3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2024 14:43:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 32/39] Adjust more tests

---
 pandas/tests/apply/test_frame_apply.py | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/apply/test_frame_apply.py b/pandas/tests/apply/test_frame_apply.py
index 9f3fee686a056..ad498064b790d 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/apply/test_frame_apply.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/apply/test_frame_apply.py
@@ -324,18 +324,18 @@ def test_apply_mixed_dtype_corner():
     result = df[:0].apply(np.mean, axis=1)
     # the result here is actually kind of ambiguous, should it be a Series
     # or a DataFrame?
-    expected = Series(np.nan, index=pd.Index([], dtype="int64"))
+    expected = Series(dtype=np.float64)
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
 def test_apply_mixed_dtype_corner_indexing():
     df = DataFrame({"A": ["foo"], "B": [1.0]})
     result = df.apply(lambda x: x["A"], axis=1)
-    expected = Series(["foo"], index=[0])
+    expected = Series(["foo"], index=range(1))
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
     result = df.apply(lambda x: x["B"], axis=1)
-    expected = Series([1.0], index=[0])
+    expected = Series([1.0], index=range(1))
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ def test_result_type(int_frame_const_col):
 
     result = df.apply(lambda x: [1, 2, 3], axis=1, result_type="expand")
     expected = df.copy()
-    expected.columns = [0, 1, 2]
+    expected.columns = range(3)
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
 
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ def test_result_type_shorter_list(int_frame_const_col):
     df = int_frame_const_col
     result = df.apply(lambda x: [1, 2], axis=1, result_type="expand")
     expected = df[["A", "B"]].copy()
-    expected.columns = [0, 1]
+    expected.columns = range(2)
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
 

From 614a6047e6d9b279016e69a310ba7ba7569e3e10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2024 15:11:53 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 33/39] fix another test

---
 pandas/tests/io/parser/test_header.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_header.py b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_header.py
index 85ce55b3bcf83..34b2570d8b4db 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_header.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_header.py
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ def test_header_multi_index_common_format_malformed2(all_parsers):
     parser = all_parsers
     expected = DataFrame(
         np.array([[2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]], dtype="int64"),
-        index=Index([1, 7]),
+        index=range(1, 13, 6),
         columns=MultiIndex(
             levels=[["a", "b", "c"], ["r", "s", "t", "u", "v"]],
             codes=[[0, 0, 1, 2, 2], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]],

From 25222fa5f4d2e9049c8332f0240ad694fea820d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 10:31:18 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 34/39] Fix test

---
 pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_index.py | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_index.py b/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_index.py
index 68d77b79a59e7..e13b042192fc6 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_index.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_index.py
@@ -346,9 +346,11 @@ def test_concat_with_key_not_unique(self, performance_warning):
             performance_warning, match="indexing past lexsort depth"
         ):
             out_a = df_a.loc[("x", 0), :]
-
         df_b = DataFrame(
-            {"name": [1, 2, 3]}, index=Index([("x", 0), ("y", 0), ("x", 0)])
+            {"name": [1, 2, 3]},
+            index=MultiIndex(
+                levels=[["x", "y"], range(1)], codes=[[0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
+            ),
         )
         with tm.assert_produces_warning(
             performance_warning, match="indexing past lexsort depth"

From 8cbcbe4e5a2ae09304b6cbceb1daeb7a7c0f01c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 10:33:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 35/39] Fix another test

---
 pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_datetimes.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_datetimes.py b/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_datetimes.py
index d7791ec38a7ae..be65625d9211b 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_datetimes.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/reshape/concat/test_datetimes.py
@@ -548,8 +548,8 @@ def test_concat_timedelta64_block():
     df = DataFrame({"time": rng})
 
     result = concat([df, df])
-    tm.assert_frame_equal(result.iloc[:10], df)
-    tm.assert_frame_equal(result.iloc[10:], df)
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(result.iloc[:10], df, check_index_type=False)
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(result.iloc[10:], df, check_index_type=False)
 
 
 def test_concat_multiindex_datetime_nat():

From bbcc280e5ef1e0e8979d3dc6fb984d4c05174f80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Apr 2024 11:29:01 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 36/39] fix more test

---
 pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_sort_values.py | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_sort_values.py b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_sort_values.py
index b856a7ff5d26b..f0057a0713802 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_sort_values.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_sort_values.py
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def test_sort_values_multicolumn_uint64(self):
                 "a": pd.Series([18446637057563306014, 1162265347240853609]),
                 "b": pd.Series([1, 2]),
             },
-            index=pd.Index([1, 0]),
+            index=range(1, -1, -1),
         )
 
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ def test_sort_values_nat_values_in_int_column(self):
         df_reversed = DataFrame(
             {"int": int_values[::-1], "float": float_values[::-1]},
             columns=["int", "float"],
-            index=[1, 0],
+            index=range(1, -1, -1),
         )
 
         # NaT is not a "na" for int64 columns, so na_position must not
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ def test_sort_values_nat_values_in_int_column(self):
         df_reversed = DataFrame(
             {"datetime": [NaT, Timestamp("2016-01-01")], "float": float_values[::-1]},
             columns=["datetime", "float"],
-            index=[1, 0],
+            index=range(1, -1, -1),
         )
 
         df_sorted = df.sort_values(["datetime", "float"], na_position="first")
@@ -540,19 +540,19 @@ def test_sort_values_na_position_with_categories_raises(self):
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "original_dict, sorted_dict, ignore_index, output_index",
         [
-            ({"A": [1, 2, 3]}, {"A": [3, 2, 1]}, True, [0, 1, 2]),
-            ({"A": [1, 2, 3]}, {"A": [3, 2, 1]}, False, [2, 1, 0]),
+            ({"A": [1, 2, 3]}, {"A": [3, 2, 1]}, True, range(3)),
+            ({"A": [1, 2, 3]}, {"A": [3, 2, 1]}, False, range(2, -1, -1)),
             (
                 {"A": [1, 2, 3], "B": [2, 3, 4]},
                 {"A": [3, 2, 1], "B": [4, 3, 2]},
                 True,
-                [0, 1, 2],
+                range(3),
             ),
             (
                 {"A": [1, 2, 3], "B": [2, 3, 4]},
                 {"A": [3, 2, 1], "B": [4, 3, 2]},
                 False,
-                [2, 1, 0],
+                range(2, -1, -1),
             ),
         ],
     )

From 7ad0f5d456c0fadcfdfceca775a8191158a0db55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 08:28:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 37/39] More indexes

---
 pandas/tests/io/json/test_normalize.py       | 2 +-
 pandas/tests/series/methods/test_nlargest.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/json/test_normalize.py b/pandas/tests/io/json/test_normalize.py
index d83e7b4641e88..fdbfbd004617e 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/json/test_normalize.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/json/test_normalize.py
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ def test_nonetype_record_path(self, nulls_fixture):
             ],
             record_path=["info"],
         )
-        expected = DataFrame({"i": 2}, index=[0])
+        expected = DataFrame({"i": 2}, index=range(1))
         tm.assert_equal(result, expected)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["false", "true", "{}", "1", '"text"'])
diff --git a/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_nlargest.py b/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_nlargest.py
index 6a5b58c5da6b5..67ba1d7ca51b7 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_nlargest.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/series/methods/test_nlargest.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def assert_check_nselect_boundary(vals, dtype, method):
     # helper function for 'test_boundary_{dtype}' tests
     ser = Series(vals, dtype=dtype)
     result = getattr(ser, method)(3)
-    expected_idxr = [0, 1, 2] if method == "nsmallest" else [3, 2, 1]
+    expected_idxr = range(3) if method == "nsmallest" else range(3, 0, -1)
     expected = ser.loc[expected_idxr]
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 

From 90e5b2825876d2c7969d0f62aae6e3930c18af1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 11:13:55 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 38/39] Undo assert_ functions for strict checking

---
 pandas/_testing/asserters.py | 25 ++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/_testing/asserters.py b/pandas/_testing/asserters.py
index a74ace6f6c558..1127a4512643c 100644
--- a/pandas/_testing/asserters.py
+++ b/pandas/_testing/asserters.py
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def assert_dict_equal(left, right, compare_keys: bool = True) -> None:
 def assert_index_equal(
     left: Index,
     right: Index,
-    exact: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
+    exact: bool | str = "equiv",
     check_names: bool = True,
     check_exact: bool = True,
     check_categorical: bool = True,
@@ -203,9 +203,6 @@ def assert_index_equal(
         Whether to check the Index class, dtype and inferred_type
         are identical. If 'equiv', then RangeIndex can be substituted for
         Index with an int64 dtype as well.
-
-        ..  versionchanged:: 3.0
-            The default changed from ``'equiv'`` to ``True``
     check_names : bool, default True
         Whether to check the names attribute.
     check_exact : bool, default True
@@ -471,7 +468,6 @@ def assert_categorical_equal(
     _check_isinstance(left, right, Categorical)
 
     exact: bool | str
-    # TODO: Can this be made strict?
     if isinstance(left.categories, RangeIndex) or isinstance(
         right.categories, RangeIndex
     ):
@@ -817,7 +813,7 @@ def assert_series_equal(
     left,
     right,
     check_dtype: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
-    check_index_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
+    check_index_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = "equiv",
     check_series_type: bool = True,
     check_names: bool = True,
     check_exact: bool | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
@@ -847,9 +843,6 @@ def assert_series_equal(
     check_index_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default 'equiv'
         Whether to check the Index class, dtype and inferred_type
         are identical.
-
-        ..  versionchanged:: 3.0
-            The default changed from ``'equiv'`` to ``True``
     check_series_type : bool, default True
          Whether to check the Series class is identical.
     check_names : bool, default True
@@ -1112,8 +1105,8 @@ def assert_frame_equal(
     left,
     right,
     check_dtype: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
-    check_index_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
-    check_column_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = True,
+    check_index_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = "equiv",
+    check_column_type: bool | Literal["equiv"] = "equiv",
     check_frame_type: bool = True,
     check_names: bool = True,
     by_blocks: bool = False,
@@ -1143,19 +1136,13 @@ def assert_frame_equal(
         Second DataFrame to compare.
     check_dtype : bool, default True
         Whether to check the DataFrame dtype is identical.
-    check_index_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default True
+    check_index_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default 'equiv'
         Whether to check the Index class, dtype and inferred_type
         are identical.
-
-        ..  versionchanged:: 3.0
-            The default changed from ``'equiv'`` to ``True``
-    check_column_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default True
+    check_column_type : bool or {'equiv'}, default 'equiv'
         Whether to check the columns class, dtype and inferred_type
         are identical. Is passed as the ``exact`` argument of
         :func:`assert_index_equal`.
-
-        ..  versionchanged:: 3.0
-            The default changed from ``'equiv'`` to ``True``
     check_frame_type : bool, default True
         Whether to check the DataFrame class is identical.
     check_names : bool, default True

From 0319a32dfe9a3d5debadf9916d0ef2eea827fdd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 13:21:34 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 39/39] Fix tests

---
 pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py | 13 ++++---------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
index d543fa1bbecde..93e891c51b86c 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_groupby.py
@@ -116,8 +116,9 @@ def f(x, q=None, axis=0):
     expected_seq = df_grouped.quantile([0.4, 0.8])
     if not as_index:
         # apply treats the op as a transform; .quantile knows it's a reduction
-        apply_result = apply_result.reset_index()
-        apply_result["level_0"] = [1, 1, 2, 2]
+        apply_result.index = range(4)
+        apply_result.insert(loc=0, column="level_0", value=[1, 1, 2, 2])
+        apply_result.insert(loc=1, column="level_1", value=[0.4, 0.8, 0.4, 0.8])
     tm.assert_frame_equal(apply_result, expected_seq, check_names=False)
 
     agg_result = df_grouped.agg(f, q=80)
@@ -522,13 +523,7 @@ def test_as_index_select_column():
     result = df.groupby("A", as_index=False, group_keys=True)["B"].apply(
         lambda x: x.cumsum()
     )
-    expected = Series(
-        [2, 6, 6],
-        name="B",
-        index=MultiIndex(
-            levels=[RangeIndex(2), RangeIndex(3)], codes=[[0, 0, 1], [0, 1, 2]]
-        ),
-    )
+    expected = Series([2, 6, 6], name="B", index=range(3))
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)