diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.0.rst
index 5b955aa45219a..2b961f88b6e75 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.0.rst
@@ -797,6 +797,7 @@ Plotting
 ^^^^^^^^
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.plot.box` with ``vert=False`` and a Matplotlib ``Axes`` created with ``sharey=True`` (:issue:`54941`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.plot.scatter` discarding string columns (:issue:`56142`)
+- Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.plot` where bar and line plots are not aligned on the x-axis (:issue:`56611`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.plot` when reusing an ``ax`` object failing to raise when a ``how`` keyword is passed (:issue:`55953`)
 
 Groupby/resample/rolling
diff --git a/pandas/plotting/_matplotlib/core.py b/pandas/plotting/_matplotlib/core.py
index 2979903edf360..e811411e8f1d6 100644
--- a/pandas/plotting/_matplotlib/core.py
+++ b/pandas/plotting/_matplotlib/core.py
@@ -1805,6 +1805,15 @@ def _kind(self) -> Literal["bar", "barh"]:
     def orientation(self) -> PlottingOrientation:
         return "vertical"
 
+    @final
+    def _is_ts_plot(self) -> bool:
+        # this is slightly deceptive
+        return not self.x_compat and self.use_index and self._use_dynamic_x()
+
+    @final
+    def _use_dynamic_x(self) -> bool:
+        return use_dynamic_x(self._get_ax(0), self.data)
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         data,
@@ -1823,7 +1832,6 @@ def __init__(
         self.bar_width = width
         self._align = align
         self._position = position
-        self.tick_pos = np.arange(len(data))
 
         if is_list_like(bottom):
             bottom = np.array(bottom)
@@ -1836,6 +1844,12 @@ def __init__(
 
         MPLPlot.__init__(self, data, **kwargs)
 
+        self.tick_pos = (
+            np.array(self._get_xticks(), dtype=int)
+            if (self._is_series and not self._is_ts_plot)
+            else np.arange(len(data))
+        )
+
     @cache_readonly
     def ax_pos(self) -> np.ndarray:
         return self.tick_pos - self.tickoffset