diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.0.rst
index e244794664b34..a03746deebf68 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.0.rst
@@ -898,6 +898,7 @@ Groupby/resample/rolling
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.ewm` when passed ``times`` with non-nanosecond ``datetime64`` or :class:`DatetimeTZDtype` dtype (:issue:`56262`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.groupby` and :meth:`Series.groupby` where grouping by a combination of ``Decimal`` and NA values would fail when ``sort=True`` (:issue:`54847`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.groupby` for DataFrame subclasses when selecting a subset of columns to apply the function to (:issue:`56761`)
+- Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.resample` changing index type to :class:`MultiIndex` when the dataframe is empty and using an upsample method (:issue:`55572`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.resample` not respecting ``closed`` and ``label`` arguments for :class:`~pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessDay` (:issue:`55282`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.resample` when resampling on a :class:`ArrowDtype` of ``pyarrow.timestamp`` or ``pyarrow.duration`` type (:issue:`55989`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.resample` where bin edges were not correct for :class:`~pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessDay` (:issue:`55281`)
diff --git a/pandas/core/resample.py b/pandas/core/resample.py
index 48a5f85e1c388..a87615d8c1784 100644
--- a/pandas/core/resample.py
+++ b/pandas/core/resample.py
@@ -494,22 +494,12 @@ def _wrap_result(self, result):
         """
         Potentially wrap any results.
         """
-        # GH 47705
-        obj = self.obj
-        if (
-            isinstance(result, ABCDataFrame)
-            and len(result) == 0
-            and not isinstance(result.index, PeriodIndex)
-        ):
-            result = result.set_index(
-                _asfreq_compat(obj.index[:0], freq=self.freq), append=True
-            )
-
         if isinstance(result, ABCSeries) and self._selection is not None:
             result.name = self._selection
 
         if isinstance(result, ABCSeries) and result.empty:
             # When index is all NaT, result is empty but index is not
+            obj = self.obj
             result.index = _asfreq_compat(obj.index[:0], freq=self.freq)
             result.name = getattr(obj, "name", None)
 
@@ -1675,6 +1665,17 @@ def func(x):
             return x.apply(f, *args, **kwargs)
 
         result = _apply(self._groupby, func, include_groups=self.include_groups)
+
+        # GH 47705
+        if (
+            isinstance(result, ABCDataFrame)
+            and len(result) == 0
+            and not isinstance(result.index, PeriodIndex)
+        ):
+            result = result.set_index(
+                _asfreq_compat(self.obj.index[:0], freq=self.freq), append=True
+            )
+
         return self._wrap_result(result)
 
     _upsample = _apply
diff --git a/pandas/tests/resample/test_base.py b/pandas/tests/resample/test_base.py
index ab75dd7469b73..7a6c7eba1193d 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/resample/test_base.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/resample/test_base.py
@@ -337,6 +337,44 @@ def test_resample_size_empty_dataframe(freq, index):
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "index", [DatetimeIndex([]), TimedeltaIndex([]), PeriodIndex([], freq="D")]
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", ["ME", "D", "h"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "method", ["ffill", "bfill", "nearest", "asfreq", "interpolate"]
+)
+def test_resample_upsample_empty_dataframe(index, freq, method):
+    # GH#55572
+    empty_frame_dti = DataFrame(index=index)
+
+    if freq == "ME" and isinstance(empty_frame_dti.index, TimedeltaIndex):
+        msg = (
+            "Resampling on a TimedeltaIndex requires fixed-duration `freq`, "
+            "e.g. '24h' or '3D', not <MonthEnd>"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            empty_frame_dti.resample(freq)
+        return
+    elif freq == "ME" and isinstance(empty_frame_dti.index, PeriodIndex):
+        # index is PeriodIndex, so convert to corresponding Period freq
+        freq = "M"
+
+    msg = "Resampling with a PeriodIndex"
+    warn = None
+    if isinstance(empty_frame_dti.index, PeriodIndex):
+        warn = FutureWarning
+
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
+        rs = empty_frame_dti.resample(freq)
+    result = getattr(rs, method)()
+
+    expected_index = _asfreq_compat(empty_frame_dti.index, freq)
+    expected = DataFrame([], index=expected_index)
+
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "index",
     [