diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst
index c3355757350b9..b8c0161d47a0d 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ Deprecations
 - Deprecated parameter ``convert_type`` in :meth:`Series.apply` (:issue:`52140`)
 - Deprecated passing a dictionary to :meth:`.SeriesGroupBy.agg`; pass a list of aggregations instead (:issue:`50684`)
 - Deprecated the "fastpath" keyword in :class:`Categorical` constructor, use :meth:`Categorical.from_codes` instead (:issue:`20110`)
+- Deprecated the behavior of :func:`is_bool_dtype` returning ``True`` for object-dtype :class:`Index` of bool objects (:issue:`52680`)
 - Deprecated the methods :meth:`Series.bool` and :meth:`DataFrame.bool` (:issue:`51749`)
 - Deprecated unused "closed" and "normalize" keywords in the :class:`DatetimeIndex` constructor (:issue:`52628`)
 - Deprecated unused "closed" keyword in the :class:`TimedeltaIndex` constructor (:issue:`52628`)
diff --git a/pandas/core/dtypes/common.py b/pandas/core/dtypes/common.py
index 20d8cb4adc8b6..dcf4c25f14e2f 100644
--- a/pandas/core/dtypes/common.py
+++ b/pandas/core/dtypes/common.py
@@ -1219,7 +1219,18 @@ def is_bool_dtype(arr_or_dtype) -> bool:
 
     if isinstance(arr_or_dtype, ABCIndex):
         # Allow Index[object] that is all-bools or Index["boolean"]
-        return arr_or_dtype.inferred_type == "boolean"
+        if arr_or_dtype.inferred_type == "boolean":
+            if not is_bool_dtype(arr_or_dtype.dtype):
+                # GH#52680
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "The behavior of is_bool_dtype with an object-dtype Index "
+                    "of bool objects is deprecated. In a future version, "
+                    "this will return False. Cast the Index to a bool dtype instead.",
+                    FutureWarning,
+                    stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
+                )
+            return True
+        return False
     elif isinstance(dtype, ExtensionDtype):
         return getattr(dtype, "_is_boolean", False)
 
diff --git a/pandas/core/indexes/base.py b/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
index 0a56fa4d031d6..cd9681f22b247 100644
--- a/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
+++ b/pandas/core/indexes/base.py
@@ -926,7 +926,13 @@ def __array_wrap__(self, result, context=None):
         Gets called after a ufunc and other functions e.g. np.split.
         """
         result = lib.item_from_zerodim(result)
-        if is_bool_dtype(result) or lib.is_scalar(result) or np.ndim(result) > 1:
+        if (
+            (not isinstance(result, Index) and is_bool_dtype(result))
+            or lib.is_scalar(result)
+            or np.ndim(result) > 1
+        ):
+            # exclude Index to avoid warning from is_bool_dtype deprecation;
+            #  in the Index case it doesn't matter which path we go down.
             return result
 
         return Index(result, name=self.name)
@@ -6107,8 +6113,12 @@ def _should_compare(self, other: Index) -> bool:
         Check if `self == other` can ever have non-False entries.
         """
 
-        if (is_bool_dtype(other) and is_any_real_numeric_dtype(self)) or (
-            is_bool_dtype(self) and is_any_real_numeric_dtype(other)
+        # NB: we use inferred_type rather than is_bool_dtype to catch
+        #  object_dtype_of_bool and categorical[object_dtype_of_bool] cases
+        if (
+            other.inferred_type == "boolean" and is_any_real_numeric_dtype(self.dtype)
+        ) or (
+            self.inferred_type == "boolean" and is_any_real_numeric_dtype(other.dtype)
         ):
             # GH#16877 Treat boolean labels passed to a numeric index as not
             #  found. Without this fix False and True would be treated as 0 and 1
diff --git a/pandas/tests/base/common.py b/pandas/tests/base/common.py
index 30cf9311c98bc..ad0b394105742 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/base/common.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/base/common.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 from typing import Any
 
 from pandas import Index
-from pandas.api.types import is_bool_dtype
 
 
 def allow_na_ops(obj: Any) -> bool:
     """Whether to skip test cases including NaN"""
-    is_bool_index = isinstance(obj, Index) and is_bool_dtype(obj)
+    is_bool_index = isinstance(obj, Index) and obj.inferred_type == "boolean"
     return not is_bool_index and obj._can_hold_na
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexes/test_setops.py b/pandas/tests/indexes/test_setops.py
index 6a18bc4aaf856..80fa78ccdc97e 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexes/test_setops.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexes/test_setops.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 )
 import pandas._testing as tm
 from pandas.api.types import (
-    is_bool_dtype,
     is_signed_integer_dtype,
     pandas_dtype,
 )
@@ -242,7 +241,7 @@ def test_union_base(self, index):
     def test_difference_base(self, sort, index):
         first = index[2:]
         second = index[:4]
-        if is_bool_dtype(index):
+        if index.inferred_type == "boolean":
             # i think (TODO: be sure) there assumptions baked in about
             #  the index fixture that don't hold here?
             answer = set(first).difference(set(second))
diff --git a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_loc.py b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_loc.py
index 3fb1fadeed122..3f0d530a1cbd4 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/indexing/test_loc.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/indexing/test_loc.py
@@ -37,10 +37,7 @@
     to_timedelta,
 )
 import pandas._testing as tm
-from pandas.api.types import (
-    is_bool_dtype,
-    is_scalar,
-)
+from pandas.api.types import is_scalar
 from pandas.core.indexing import _one_ellipsis_message
 from pandas.tests.indexing.common import check_indexing_smoketest_or_raises
 
@@ -1657,7 +1654,7 @@ def test_loc_iloc_getitem_leading_ellipses(self, series_with_simple_index, index
         obj = series_with_simple_index
         key = 0 if (indexer is tm.iloc or len(obj) == 0) else obj.index[0]
 
-        if indexer is tm.loc and is_bool_dtype(obj.index):
+        if indexer is tm.loc and obj.index.inferred_type == "boolean":
             # passing [False] will get interpreted as a boolean mask
             # TODO: should it?  unambiguous when lengths dont match?
             return