diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst
index db69f43e92518..9d5fcf12ac3e3 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst
@@ -191,7 +191,8 @@ Copy-on-Write improvements
   of those Series objects for the columns of the DataFrame (:issue:`50777`)
 
 - The :class:`DataFrame` constructor, when constructing a DataFrame from a
-  :class:`Series` and specifying ``copy=False``, will now respect Copy-on-Write.
+  :class:`Series` or :class:`Index` and specifying ``copy=False``, will
+  now respect Copy-on-Write.
 
 - The :class:`DataFrame` constructor, when constructing from a NumPy array,
   will now copy the array by default to avoid mutating the :class:`DataFrame`
diff --git a/pandas/core/internals/construction.py b/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
index 48731c5ff85f4..5fa7901cf85e9 100644
--- a/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
+++ b/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ def ndarray_to_mgr(
         if values.ndim == 1:
             values = values.reshape(-1, 1)
 
-    elif isinstance(values, ABCSeries):
+    elif isinstance(values, (ABCSeries, Index)):
         if not copy_on_sanitize and (
             dtype is None or astype_is_view(values.dtype, dtype)
         ):
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ def ndarray_to_mgr(
 
         values = _ensure_2d(values)
 
-    elif isinstance(values, (np.ndarray, ExtensionArray, Index)):
+    elif isinstance(values, (np.ndarray, ExtensionArray)):
         # drop subclass info
         _copy = (
             copy_on_sanitize
diff --git a/pandas/tests/copy_view/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/copy_view/test_constructors.py
index 2e00352dda7ae..6244452541e0b 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/copy_view/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/copy_view/test_constructors.py
@@ -228,26 +228,28 @@ def test_dataframe_from_dict_of_series_with_reindex(dtype):
     assert np.shares_memory(arr_before, arr_after)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("cons", [Series, Index])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "data, dtype", [([1, 2], None), ([1, 2], "int64"), (["a", "b"], None)]
 )
-def test_dataframe_from_series(using_copy_on_write, data, dtype):
-    ser = Series(data, dtype=dtype)
-    ser_orig = ser.copy()
-    df = DataFrame(ser, dtype=dtype)
-    assert np.shares_memory(get_array(ser), get_array(df, 0))
+def test_dataframe_from_series_or_index(using_copy_on_write, data, dtype, cons):
+    obj = cons(data, dtype=dtype)
+    obj_orig = obj.copy()
+    df = DataFrame(obj, dtype=dtype)
+    assert np.shares_memory(get_array(obj), get_array(df, 0))
     if using_copy_on_write:
         assert not df._mgr._has_no_reference(0)
 
     df.iloc[0, 0] = data[-1]
     if using_copy_on_write:
-        tm.assert_series_equal(ser, ser_orig)
+        tm.assert_equal(obj, obj_orig)
 
 
-def test_dataframe_from_series_different_dtype(using_copy_on_write):
-    ser = Series([1, 2], dtype="int64")
-    df = DataFrame(ser, dtype="int32")
-    assert not np.shares_memory(get_array(ser), get_array(df, 0))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("cons", [Series, Index])
+def test_dataframe_from_series_or_index_different_dtype(using_copy_on_write, cons):
+    obj = cons([1, 2], dtype="int64")
+    df = DataFrame(obj, dtype="int32")
+    assert not np.shares_memory(get_array(obj), get_array(df, 0))
     if using_copy_on_write:
         assert df._mgr._has_no_reference(0)