diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst
index 1bfe9f50efbc8..f634e21132bed 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst
@@ -781,6 +781,9 @@ Deprecations
 - :meth:`Index.is_interval` has been deprecated. Use :func:`pandas.api.types.is_intterval_dtype` instead (:issue:`50042`)
 - Deprecated ``all`` and ``any`` reductions with ``datetime64`` and :class:`DatetimeTZDtype` dtypes, use e.g. ``(obj != pd.Timestamp(0), tz=obj.tz).all()`` instead (:issue:`34479`)
 - Deprecated calling ``float`` or ``int`` on a single element :class:`Series` to return a ``float`` or ``int`` respectively. Extract the element before calling ``float`` or ``int`` instead (:issue:`51101`)
+- Deprecated :meth:`Grouper.groups`, use :meth:`Groupby.groups` instead (:issue:`51182`)
+- Deprecated :meth:`Grouper.grouper`, use :meth:`Groupby.grouper` instead (:issue:`51182`)
+-
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .. _whatsnew_200.prior_deprecations:
diff --git a/pandas/core/groupby/grouper.py b/pandas/core/groupby/grouper.py
index d77ad59a4bb82..366be9e79004c 100644
--- a/pandas/core/groupby/grouper.py
+++ b/pandas/core/groupby/grouper.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     cast,
     final,
 )
+import warnings
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@
 )
 from pandas.errors import InvalidIndexError
 from pandas.util._decorators import cache_readonly
+from pandas.util._exceptions import find_stack_level
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
     is_categorical_dtype,
@@ -268,7 +270,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.sort = sort
         self.dropna = dropna
 
-        self.grouper = None
+        self._grouper_deprecated = None
         self._gpr_index = None
         self.obj = None
         self.indexer = None
@@ -308,6 +310,10 @@ def _get_grouper(
             validate=validate,
             dropna=self.dropna,
         )
+        # Without setting this, subsequent lookups to .groups raise
+        # error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "BaseGrouper",
+        # variable has type "None")
+        self._grouper_deprecated = grouper  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         return grouper, obj
 
@@ -328,7 +334,7 @@ def _set_grouper(self, obj: NDFrame, sort: bool = False) -> None:
         if self.key is not None and self.level is not None:
             raise ValueError("The Grouper cannot specify both a key and a level!")
 
-        # Keep self.grouper value before overriding
+        # Keep self._grouper value before overriding
         if self._grouper is None:
             # TODO: What are we assuming about subsequent calls?
             self._grouper = self._gpr_index
@@ -387,11 +393,28 @@ def _set_grouper(self, obj: NDFrame, sort: bool = False) -> None:
         self.obj = obj  # type: ignore[assignment]
         self._gpr_index = ax
 
+    @final
+    @property
+    def grouper(self):
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"{type(self).__name__}.grouper is deprecated and will be removed "
+            "in a future version. Use GroupBy.grouper instead.",
+            FutureWarning,
+            stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
+        )
+        return self._grouper_deprecated
+
     @final
     @property
     def groups(self):
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"{type(self).__name__}.groups is deprecated and will be removed "
+            "in a future version. Use GroupBy.groups instead.",
+            FutureWarning,
+            stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
+        )
         # error: "None" has no attribute "groups"
-        return self.grouper.groups  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return self._grouper_deprecated.groups  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
     @final
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_grouping.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_grouping.py
index 30cfe638c8540..f7d4adc00260f 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_grouping.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_grouping.py
@@ -1049,3 +1049,20 @@ def test_grouping_by_key_is_in_axis():
     result = gb.sum()
     expected = DataFrame({"b": [1, 2], "c": [7, 5]})
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+def test_grouper_groups():
+    # GH#51182 check Grouper.groups does not raise AttributeError
+    df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": 1})
+    grper = Grouper(key="a")
+    gb = df.groupby(grper)
+
+    msg = "Use GroupBy.groups instead"
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=msg):
+        res = grper.groups
+    assert res is gb.groups
+
+    msg = "Use GroupBy.grouper instead"
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=msg):
+        res = grper.grouper
+    assert res is gb.grouper