diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst
index e57ba92267855..0024ec0210696 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.0.0.rst
@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ MultiIndex
 I/O
 ^^^
 - Bug in :func:`read_sas` caused fragmentation of :class:`DataFrame` and raised :class:`.errors.PerformanceWarning` (:issue:`48595`)
+- Bug when a pickling a subset PyArrow-backed data that would serialize the entire data instead of the subset (:issue:`42600`)
 - Bug in :func:`read_csv` for a single-line csv with fewer columns than ``names`` raised :class:`.errors.ParserError` with ``engine="c"`` (:issue:`47566`)
 -
 
diff --git a/pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py b/pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py
index ea33bf58bacda..f18664915d015 100644
--- a/pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py
+++ b/pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py
@@ -351,6 +351,17 @@ def __pos__(self: ArrowExtensionArrayT) -> ArrowExtensionArrayT:
     def __abs__(self: ArrowExtensionArrayT) -> ArrowExtensionArrayT:
         return type(self)(pc.abs_checked(self._data))
 
+    # GH 42600: __getstate__/__setstate__ not necessary once
+    # https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-10739 is addressed
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        state = self.__dict__.copy()
+        state["_data"] = self._data.combine_chunks()
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state) -> None:
+        state["_data"] = pa.chunked_array(state["_data"])
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+
     def _cmp_method(self, other, op):
         from pandas.arrays import BooleanArray
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/arrays/string_/test_string_arrow.py b/pandas/tests/arrays/string_/test_string_arrow.py
index 8a6c2b0586a0c..4f0c4daa3c64f 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/arrays/string_/test_string_arrow.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/arrays/string_/test_string_arrow.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import pickle
 import re
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -197,3 +198,20 @@ def test_setitem_invalid_indexer_raises():
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=None):
         arr[[0, 1]] = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+
+
+@skip_if_no_pyarrow
+def test_pickle_roundtrip():
+    # GH 42600
+    expected = pd.Series(range(10), dtype="string[pyarrow]")
+    expected_sliced = expected.head(2)
+    full_pickled = pickle.dumps(expected)
+    sliced_pickled = pickle.dumps(expected_sliced)
+
+    assert len(full_pickled) > len(sliced_pickled)
+
+    result = pickle.loads(full_pickled)
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+    result_sliced = pickle.loads(sliced_pickled)
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result_sliced, expected_sliced)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py b/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
index 9a6b24583c525..8979c145a223c 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/extension/test_arrow.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     BytesIO,
     StringIO,
 )
+import pickle
 
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
@@ -1347,3 +1348,19 @@ def test_is_bool_dtype():
     result = s[data]
     expected = s[np.asarray(data)]
     tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+def test_pickle_roundtrip(data):
+    # GH 42600
+    expected = pd.Series(data)
+    expected_sliced = expected.head(2)
+    full_pickled = pickle.dumps(expected)
+    sliced_pickled = pickle.dumps(expected_sliced)
+
+    assert len(full_pickled) > len(sliced_pickled)
+
+    result = pickle.loads(full_pickled)
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
+
+    result_sliced = pickle.loads(sliced_pickled)
+    tm.assert_series_equal(result_sliced, expected_sliced)