diff --git a/pandas/core/array_algos/putmask.py b/pandas/core/array_algos/putmask.py
index 3daf1b3ae3902..3a67f7d871f86 100644
--- a/pandas/core/array_algos/putmask.py
+++ b/pandas/core/array_algos/putmask.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 """
 EA-compatible analogue to to np.putmask
 """
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Tuple,
-)
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
 import warnings
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ def putmask_without_repeat(values: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray, new: Any) -> No
         np.putmask(values, mask, new)
 
 
-def validate_putmask(values: ArrayLike, mask: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, bool]:
+def validate_putmask(values: ArrayLike, mask: np.ndarray) -> tuple[np.ndarray, bool]:
     """
     Validate mask and check if this putmask operation is a no-op.
     """
diff --git a/pandas/core/arrays/_ranges.py b/pandas/core/arrays/_ranges.py
index a537951786646..cac9fcd40fa52 100644
--- a/pandas/core/arrays/_ranges.py
+++ b/pandas/core/arrays/_ranges.py
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 Helper functions to generate range-like data for DatetimeArray
 (and possibly TimedeltaArray/PeriodArray)
 """
-
-from typing import Union
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -17,8 +16,8 @@
 
 
 def generate_regular_range(
-    start: Union[Timestamp, Timedelta],
-    end: Union[Timestamp, Timedelta],
+    start: Timestamp | Timedelta,
+    end: Timestamp | Timedelta,
     periods: int,
     freq: BaseOffset,
 ):
diff --git a/pandas/core/computation/engines.py b/pandas/core/computation/engines.py
index 7452cf03d0038..62732402dbeea 100644
--- a/pandas/core/computation/engines.py
+++ b/pandas/core/computation/engines.py
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 """
 Engine classes for :func:`~pandas.eval`
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import abc
-from typing import (
-    Dict,
-    Type,
-)
 
 from pandas.core.computation.align import (
     align_terms,
@@ -140,7 +137,7 @@ def _evaluate(self) -> None:
         pass
 
 
-ENGINES: Dict[str, Type[AbstractEngine]] = {
+ENGINES: dict[str, type[AbstractEngine]] = {
     "numexpr": NumExprEngine,
     "python": PythonEngine,
 }
diff --git a/pandas/core/computation/parsing.py b/pandas/core/computation/parsing.py
index f3321fc55ad80..b0f817d2c1ff3 100644
--- a/pandas/core/computation/parsing.py
+++ b/pandas/core/computation/parsing.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 :func:`~pandas.eval` source string parsing functions
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 from io import StringIO
 from keyword import iskeyword
@@ -9,7 +10,6 @@
 from typing import (
     Hashable,
     Iterator,
-    Tuple,
 )
 
 # A token value Python's tokenizer probably will never use.
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def create_valid_python_identifier(name: str) -> str:
     return name
 
 
-def clean_backtick_quoted_toks(tok: Tuple[int, str]) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+def clean_backtick_quoted_toks(tok: tuple[int, str]) -> tuple[int, str]:
     """
     Clean up a column name if surrounded by backticks.
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def clean_column_name(name: Hashable) -> Hashable:
 
 def tokenize_backtick_quoted_string(
     token_generator: Iterator[tokenize.TokenInfo], source: str, string_start: int
-) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+) -> tuple[int, str]:
     """
     Creates a token from a backtick quoted string.
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def tokenize_backtick_quoted_string(
     return BACKTICK_QUOTED_STRING, source[string_start:string_end]
 
 
-def tokenize_string(source: str) -> Iterator[Tuple[int, str]]:
+def tokenize_string(source: str) -> Iterator[tuple[int, str]]:
     """
     Tokenize a Python source code string.
 
diff --git a/pandas/core/indexes/api.py b/pandas/core/indexes/api.py
index f56e13775460b..304c42321e72a 100644
--- a/pandas/core/indexes/api.py
+++ b/pandas/core/indexes/api.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import textwrap
-from typing import (
-    List,
-    Set,
-)
 
 from pandas._libs import (
     NaT,
@@ -98,12 +96,12 @@ def get_objs_combined_axis(
     return _get_combined_index(obs_idxes, intersect=intersect, sort=sort, copy=copy)
 
 
-def _get_distinct_objs(objs: List[Index]) -> List[Index]:
+def _get_distinct_objs(objs: list[Index]) -> list[Index]:
     """
     Return a list with distinct elements of "objs" (different ids).
     Preserves order.
     """
-    ids: Set[int] = set()
+    ids: set[int] = set()
     res = []
     for obj in objs:
         if id(obj) not in ids:
@@ -113,7 +111,7 @@ def _get_distinct_objs(objs: List[Index]) -> List[Index]:
 
 
 def _get_combined_index(
-    indexes: List[Index],
+    indexes: list[Index],
     intersect: bool = False,
     sort: bool = False,
     copy: bool = False,
diff --git a/pandas/core/indexes/extension.py b/pandas/core/indexes/extension.py
index b1cabf92bf985..6ff20f7d009bc 100644
--- a/pandas/core/indexes/extension.py
+++ b/pandas/core/indexes/extension.py
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 """
 Shared methods for Index subclasses backed by ExtensionArray.
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from typing import (
     Hashable,
-    List,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
-    Union,
 )
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ def method(self, *args, **kwargs):
     return method
 
 
-def inherit_names(names: List[str], delegate, cache: bool = False, wrap: bool = False):
+def inherit_names(names: list[str], delegate, cache: bool = False, wrap: bool = False):
     """
     Class decorator to pin attributes from an ExtensionArray to a Index subclass.
 
@@ -227,20 +226,20 @@ class ExtensionIndex(Index):
     # The base class already passes through to _data:
     #  size, __len__, dtype
 
-    _data: Union[IntervalArray, NDArrayBackedExtensionArray]
+    _data: IntervalArray | NDArrayBackedExtensionArray
 
-    _data_cls: Union[
-        Type[Categorical],
-        Type[DatetimeArray],
-        Type[TimedeltaArray],
-        Type[PeriodArray],
-        Type[IntervalArray],
-    ]
+    _data_cls: (
+        type[Categorical]
+        | type[DatetimeArray]
+        | type[TimedeltaArray]
+        | type[PeriodArray]
+        | type[IntervalArray]
+    )
 
     @classmethod
     def _simple_new(
         cls,
-        array: Union[IntervalArray, NDArrayBackedExtensionArray],
+        array: IntervalArray | NDArrayBackedExtensionArray,
         name: Hashable = None,
     ):
         """
diff --git a/pandas/tests/api/test_api.py b/pandas/tests/api/test_api.py
index 8b7070e945439..38984238ecf65 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/api/test_api.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/api/test_api.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
 import sys
-from typing import List
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ class TestPDApi(Base):
     ]
 
     # these are already deprecated; awaiting removal
-    deprecated_modules: List[str] = ["np", "datetime"]
+    deprecated_modules: list[str] = ["np", "datetime"]
 
     # misc
     misc = ["IndexSlice", "NaT", "NA"]
@@ -98,13 +99,13 @@ class TestPDApi(Base):
     ]
 
     # these are already deprecated; awaiting removal
-    deprecated_classes: List[str] = []
+    deprecated_classes: list[str] = []
 
     # these should be deprecated in the future
-    deprecated_classes_in_future: List[str] = ["SparseArray"]
+    deprecated_classes_in_future: list[str] = ["SparseArray"]
 
     # external modules exposed in pandas namespace
-    modules: List[str] = []
+    modules: list[str] = []
 
     # top-level functions
     funcs = [
@@ -181,10 +182,10 @@ class TestPDApi(Base):
     funcs_to = ["to_datetime", "to_numeric", "to_pickle", "to_timedelta"]
 
     # top-level to deprecate in the future
-    deprecated_funcs_in_future: List[str] = []
+    deprecated_funcs_in_future: list[str] = []
 
     # these are already deprecated; awaiting removal
-    deprecated_funcs: List[str] = []
+    deprecated_funcs: list[str] = []
 
     # private modules in pandas namespace
     private_modules = [
diff --git a/pandas/tests/arithmetic/test_numeric.py b/pandas/tests/arithmetic/test_numeric.py
index 9ca7d0b465250..844bdd4bd1944 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/arithmetic/test_numeric.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/arithmetic/test_numeric.py
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 # Arithmetic tests for DataFrame/Series/Index/Array classes that should
 # behave identically.
 # Specifically for numeric dtypes
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from collections import abc
 from decimal import Decimal
 from itertools import combinations
 import operator
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    List,
-)
+from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
@@ -56,8 +55,8 @@ def adjust_negative_zero(zero, expected):
 # TODO: remove this kludge once mypy stops giving false positives here
 # List comprehension has incompatible type List[PandasObject]; expected List[RangeIndex]
 #  See GH#29725
-ser_or_index: List[Any] = [Series, Index]
-lefts: List[Any] = [RangeIndex(10, 40, 10)]
+ser_or_index: list[Any] = [Series, Index]
+lefts: list[Any] = [RangeIndex(10, 40, 10)]
 lefts.extend(
     [
         cls([10, 20, 30], dtype=dtype)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/arrays/masked/test_arithmetic.py b/pandas/tests/arrays/masked/test_arithmetic.py
index 29998831777f8..bea94095452bd 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/arrays/masked/test_arithmetic.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/arrays/masked/test_arithmetic.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    List,
-)
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@
 
 # integer dtypes
 arrays = [pd.array([1, 2, 3, None], dtype=dtype) for dtype in tm.ALL_EA_INT_DTYPES]
-scalars: List[Any] = [2] * len(arrays)
+scalars: list[Any] = [2] * len(arrays)
 # floating dtypes
 arrays += [pd.array([0.1, 0.2, 0.3, None], dtype=dtype) for dtype in tm.FLOAT_EA_DTYPES]
 scalars += [0.2, 0.2]
diff --git a/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py b/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py
index 0467bb1dad676..7cf319e1d134c 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from functools import reduce
 from itertools import product
 import operator
-from typing import (
-    Dict,
-    List,
-    Type,
-)
 import warnings
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -147,8 +144,8 @@ def lhs(request):
 
 @td.skip_if_no_ne
 class TestEvalNumexprPandas:
-    exclude_cmp: List[str] = []
-    exclude_bool: List[str] = []
+    exclude_cmp: list[str] = []
+    exclude_bool: list[str] = []
 
     engine = "numexpr"
     parser = "pandas"
@@ -1125,7 +1122,7 @@ def test_performance_warning_for_poor_alignment(self, engine, parser):
 
 @td.skip_if_no_ne
 class TestOperationsNumExprPandas:
-    exclude_arith: List[str] = []
+    exclude_arith: list[str] = []
 
     engine = "numexpr"
     parser = "pandas"
@@ -1629,7 +1626,7 @@ def test_simple_in_ops(self):
 
 @td.skip_if_no_ne
 class TestOperationsNumExprPython(TestOperationsNumExprPandas):
-    exclude_arith: List[str] = ["in", "not in"]
+    exclude_arith: list[str] = ["in", "not in"]
 
     engine = "numexpr"
     parser = "python"
@@ -1723,7 +1720,7 @@ class TestOperationsPythonPython(TestOperationsNumExprPython):
 
 
 class TestOperationsPythonPandas(TestOperationsNumExprPandas):
-    exclude_arith: List[str] = []
+    exclude_arith: list[str] = []
 
     engine = "python"
     parser = "pandas"
@@ -1878,7 +1875,7 @@ def test_invalid_parser():
         pd.eval("x + y", local_dict={"x": 1, "y": 2}, parser="asdf")
 
 
-_parsers: Dict[str, Type[BaseExprVisitor]] = {
+_parsers: dict[str, type[BaseExprVisitor]] = {
     "python": PythonExprVisitor,
     "pytables": pytables.PyTablesExprVisitor,
     "pandas": PandasExprVisitor,