diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v1.3.0.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v1.3.0.rst
index c26f8288f59ab..cfc5ac329a847 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v1.3.0.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v1.3.0.rst
@@ -1008,6 +1008,7 @@ Other
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.agg()` not sorting the aggregated axis in the order of the provided aggragation functions when one or more aggregation function fails to produce results (:issue:`33634`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.clip` not interpreting missing values as no threshold (:issue:`40420`)
 - Bug in :class:`Series` backed by :class:`DatetimeArray` or :class:`TimedeltaArray` sometimes failing to set the array's ``freq`` to ``None`` (:issue:`41425`)
+- Bug in creating a :class:`Series` from a ``range`` object that does not fit in the bounds of ``int64`` dtype (:issue:`30173`)
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/pandas/core/construction.py b/pandas/core/construction.py
index e83aa02f25ada..b8828f838b94c 100644
--- a/pandas/core/construction.py
+++ b/pandas/core/construction.py
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ def sanitize_array(
         data = lib.item_from_zerodim(data)
     elif isinstance(data, range):
         # GH#16804
-        data = np.arange(data.start, data.stop, data.step, dtype="int64")
+        data = range_to_ndarray(data)
         copy = False
 
     if not is_list_like(data):
@@ -569,6 +569,25 @@ def sanitize_array(
     return subarr
 
 
+def range_to_ndarray(rng: range) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Cast a range object to ndarray.
+    """
+    # GH#30171 perf avoid realizing range as a list in np.array
+    try:
+        arr = np.arange(rng.start, rng.stop, rng.step, dtype="int64")
+    except OverflowError:
+        # GH#30173 handling for ranges that overflow int64
+        if (rng.start >= 0 and rng.step > 0) or (rng.stop >= 0 and rng.step < 0):
+            try:
+                arr = np.arange(rng.start, rng.stop, rng.step, dtype="uint64")
+            except OverflowError:
+                arr = construct_1d_object_array_from_listlike(list(rng))
+        else:
+            arr = construct_1d_object_array_from_listlike(list(rng))
+    return arr
+
+
 def _sanitize_ndim(
     result: ArrayLike, data, dtype: DtypeObj | None, index: Index | None
 ) -> ArrayLike:
diff --git a/pandas/core/internals/construction.py b/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
index 5e58f6148e6ad..5c2bed109e3bf 100644
--- a/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
+++ b/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
 from pandas.core.construction import (
     ensure_wrapped_if_datetimelike,
     extract_array,
+    range_to_ndarray,
     sanitize_array,
 )
 from pandas.core.indexes import base as ibase
@@ -530,7 +531,7 @@ def _prep_ndarray(values, copy: bool = True) -> np.ndarray:
         if len(values) == 0:
             return np.empty((0, 0), dtype=object)
         elif isinstance(values, range):
-            arr = np.arange(values.start, values.stop, values.step, dtype="int64")
+            arr = range_to_ndarray(values)
             return arr[..., np.newaxis]
 
         def convert(v):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/series/test_constructors.py b/pandas/tests/series/test_constructors.py
index e74d900d1b04d..0e1c98e381ff7 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/series/test_constructors.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/series/test_constructors.py
@@ -1525,6 +1525,36 @@ def test_constructor_range_dtype(self, dtype):
         result = Series(range(5), dtype=dtype)
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
+    def test_constructor_range_overflows(self):
+        # GH#30173 range objects that overflow int64
+        rng = range(2 ** 63, 2 ** 63 + 4)
+        ser = Series(rng)
+        expected = Series(list(rng))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(ser, expected)
+        assert list(ser) == list(rng)
+        assert ser.dtype == np.uint64
+
+        rng2 = range(2 ** 63 + 4, 2 ** 63, -1)
+        ser2 = Series(rng2)
+        expected2 = Series(list(rng2))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(ser2, expected2)
+        assert list(ser2) == list(rng2)
+        assert ser2.dtype == np.uint64
+
+        rng3 = range(-(2 ** 63), -(2 ** 63) - 4, -1)
+        ser3 = Series(rng3)
+        expected3 = Series(list(rng3))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(ser3, expected3)
+        assert list(ser3) == list(rng3)
+        assert ser3.dtype == object
+
+        rng4 = range(2 ** 73, 2 ** 73 + 4)
+        ser4 = Series(rng4)
+        expected4 = Series(list(rng4))
+        tm.assert_series_equal(ser4, expected4)
+        assert list(ser4) == list(rng4)
+        assert ser4.dtype == object
+
     def test_constructor_tz_mixed_data(self):
         # GH 13051
         dt_list = [