diff --git a/pandas/core/common.py b/pandas/core/common.py
index 98606f5d3d240..a77dab1719a21 100644
--- a/pandas/core/common.py
+++ b/pandas/core/common.py
@@ -425,6 +425,8 @@ def random_state(state=None):
         or (not np_version_under1p18 and isinstance(state, np.random.BitGenerator))
     ):
         return np.random.RandomState(state)
+    elif not np_version_under1p18 and isinstance(state, np.random.Generator):
+        return np.random.RandomState(state.bit_generator)
     elif isinstance(state, np.random.RandomState):
         return state
     elif state is None:
diff --git a/pandas/tests/test_common.py b/pandas/tests/test_common.py
index 696395e50dd02..28b415054bcad 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/test_common.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/test_common.py
@@ -82,6 +82,18 @@ def test_random_state():
             == npr.RandomState(npr.PCG64(11)).uniform()
         )
 
+    # Check Generators
+    # GH38100
+    if not np_version_under1p17:
+        rng1 = npr.default_rng(4)
+        rng2 = npr.default_rng(4)
+        assert (
+            com.random_state(rng1).uniform()
+            == npr.RandomState(rng2.bit_generator).uniform()
+        )
+        # Check base RNGs have advanced correctly
+        assert rng1.uniform() == rng2.uniform()
+
     # Error for floats or strings
     msg = (
         "random_state must be an integer, array-like, a BitGenerator, "