diff --git a/pandas/tests/internals/test_internals.py b/pandas/tests/internals/test_internals.py
index fe161a0da791a..0c9ddbf5473b3 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/internals/test_internals.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/internals/test_internals.py
@@ -91,9 +91,7 @@ def create_block(typestr, placement, item_shape=None, num_offset=0):
elif typestr in ("complex", "c16", "c8"):
values = 1.0j * (mat.astype(typestr) + num_offset)
elif typestr in ("object", "string", "O"):
- values = np.reshape(
- ["A{i:d}".format(i=i) for i in mat.ravel() + num_offset], shape
- )
+ values = np.reshape([f"A{i:d}" for i in mat.ravel() + num_offset], shape)
elif typestr in ("b", "bool"):
values = np.ones(shape, dtype=np.bool_)
elif typestr in ("datetime", "dt", "M8[ns]"):
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ def create_block(typestr, placement, item_shape=None, num_offset=0):
elif typestr.startswith("M8[ns"):
# datetime with tz
m = re.search(r"M8\[ns,\s*(\w+\/?\w*)\]", typestr)
- assert m is not None, "incompatible typestr -> {0}".format(typestr)
+ assert m is not None, f"incompatible typestr -> {typestr}"
tz = m.groups()[0]
assert num_items == 1, "must have only 1 num items for a tz-aware"
values = DatetimeIndex(np.arange(N) * 1e9, tz=tz)
@@ -607,9 +605,9 @@ def test_interleave(self):
# self
for dtype in ["f8", "i8", "object", "bool", "complex", "M8[ns]", "m8[ns]"]:
- mgr = create_mgr("a: {0}".format(dtype))
+ mgr = create_mgr(f"a: {dtype}")
assert mgr.as_array().dtype == dtype
- mgr = create_mgr("a: {0}; b: {0}".format(dtype))
+ mgr = create_mgr(f"a: {dtype}; b: {dtype}")
assert mgr.as_array().dtype == dtype
# will be converted according the actual dtype of the underlying
@@ -1136,7 +1134,7 @@ def __array__(self):
return np.array(self.value, dtype=self.dtype)
def __str__(self) -> str:
- return "DummyElement({}, {})".format(self.value, self.dtype)
+ return f"DummyElement({self.value}, {self.dtype})"
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return str(self)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py
index 8d00ef1b7fe3e..a59b409809eed 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_readers.py
@@ -596,7 +596,8 @@ def test_read_from_file_url(self, read_ext, datapath):
# fails on some systems
import platform
- pytest.skip("failing on {}".format(" ".join(platform.uname()).strip()))
+ platform_info = " ".join(platform.uname()).strip()
+ pytest.skip(f"failing on {platform_info}")
tm.assert_frame_equal(url_table, local_table)
@@ -957,7 +958,7 @@ def test_excel_passes_na_filter(self, read_ext, na_filter):
def test_unexpected_kwargs_raises(self, read_ext, arg):
# gh-17964
kwarg = {arg: "Sheet1"}
- msg = r"unexpected keyword argument `{}`".format(arg)
+ msg = fr"unexpected keyword argument `{arg}`"
with pd.ExcelFile("test1" + read_ext) as excel:
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_style.py b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_style.py
index 88f4c3736bc0d..31b033f381f0c 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_style.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_style.py
@@ -45,10 +45,7 @@ def style(df):
def assert_equal_style(cell1, cell2, engine):
if engine in ["xlsxwriter", "openpyxl"]:
pytest.xfail(
- reason=(
- "GH25351: failing on some attribute "
- "comparisons in {}".format(engine)
- )
+ reason=(f"GH25351: failing on some attribute comparisons in {engine}")
)
# XXX: should find a better way to check equality
assert cell1.alignment.__dict__ == cell2.alignment.__dict__
@@ -108,7 +105,7 @@ def custom_converter(css):
for col1, col2 in zip(wb["frame"].columns, wb["styled"].columns):
assert len(col1) == len(col2)
for cell1, cell2 in zip(col1, col2):
- ref = "{cell2.column}{cell2.row:d}".format(cell2=cell2)
+ ref = f"{cell2.column}{cell2.row:d}"
# XXX: this isn't as strong a test as ideal; we should
# confirm that differences are exclusive
if ref == "B2":
@@ -156,7 +153,7 @@ def custom_converter(css):
for col1, col2 in zip(wb["frame"].columns, wb["custom"].columns):
assert len(col1) == len(col2)
for cell1, cell2 in zip(col1, col2):
- ref = "{cell2.column}{cell2.row:d}".format(cell2=cell2)
+ ref = f"{cell2.column}{cell2.row:d}"
if ref in ("B2", "C3", "D4", "B5", "C6", "D7", "B8", "B9"):
assert not cell1.font.bold
assert cell2.font.bold
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_writers.py b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_writers.py
index 91665a24fc4c5..506d223dbedb4 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_writers.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_writers.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def set_engine(engine, ext):
which engine should be used to write Excel files. After executing
the test it rolls back said change to the global option.
"""
- option_name = "io.excel.{ext}.writer".format(ext=ext.strip("."))
+ option_name = f"io.excel.{ext.strip('.')}.writer"
prev_engine = get_option(option_name)
set_option(option_name, engine)
yield
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ def test_path_path_lib(self, engine, ext):
writer = partial(df.to_excel, engine=engine)
reader = partial(pd.read_excel, index_col=0)
- result = tm.round_trip_pathlib(writer, reader, path="foo.{ext}".format(ext=ext))
+ result = tm.round_trip_pathlib(writer, reader, path=f"foo.{ext}")
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)
def test_path_local_path(self, engine, ext):
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ def test_path_local_path(self, engine, ext):
writer = partial(df.to_excel, engine=engine)
reader = partial(pd.read_excel, index_col=0)
- result = tm.round_trip_pathlib(writer, reader, path="foo.{ext}".format(ext=ext))
+ result = tm.round_trip_pathlib(writer, reader, path=f"foo.{ext}")
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)
def test_merged_cell_custom_objects(self, merge_cells, path):
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_xlrd.py b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_xlrd.py
index cc7e2311f362a..d456afe4ed351 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_xlrd.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/excel/test_xlrd.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def test_read_xlrd_book(read_ext, frame):
# TODO: test for openpyxl as well
def test_excel_table_sheet_by_index(datapath, read_ext):
- path = datapath("io", "data", "excel", "test1{}".format(read_ext))
+ path = datapath("io", "data", "excel", f"test1{read_ext}")
with pd.ExcelFile(path) as excel:
with pytest.raises(xlrd.XLRDError):
pd.read_excel(excel, "asdf")
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_console.py b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_console.py
index e56d14885f11e..b57a2393461a2 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_console.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_console.py
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ def test_detect_console_encoding_from_stdout_stdin(monkeypatch, empty, filled):
# they have values filled.
# GH 21552
with monkeypatch.context() as context:
- context.setattr("sys.{}".format(empty), MockEncoding(""))
- context.setattr("sys.{}".format(filled), MockEncoding(filled))
+ context.setattr(f"sys.{empty}", MockEncoding(""))
+ context.setattr(f"sys.{filled}", MockEncoding(filled))
assert detect_console_encoding() == filled
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_html.py b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_html.py
index d3f044a42eb28..9a14022d6f776 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_html.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_html.py
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ def test_to_html_border(option, result, expected):
else:
with option_context("display.html.border", option):
result = result(df)
- expected = 'border="{}"'.format(expected)
+ expected = f'border="{expected}"'
assert expected in result
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ def test_to_html(biggie_df_fixture):
assert isinstance(s, str)
df.to_html(columns=["B", "A"], col_space=17)
- df.to_html(columns=["B", "A"], formatters={"A": lambda x: "{x:.1f}".format(x=x)})
+ df.to_html(columns=["B", "A"], formatters={"A": lambda x: f"{x:.1f}"})
df.to_html(columns=["B", "A"], float_format=str)
df.to_html(columns=["B", "A"], col_space=12, float_format=str)
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ def test_to_html_with_col_space_units(unit):
if isinstance(unit, int):
unit = str(unit) + "px"
for h in hdrs:
- expected = '| '.format(unit=unit)
+ expected = f' | '
assert expected in h
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_latex.py b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_latex.py
index bd681032f155d..c2fbc59b8f482 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_latex.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/formats/test_to_latex.py
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ def test_to_latex_with_formatters(self):
formatters = {
"datetime64": lambda x: x.strftime("%Y-%m"),
- "float": lambda x: "[{x: 4.1f}]".format(x=x),
- "int": lambda x: "0x{x:x}".format(x=x),
- "object": lambda x: "-{x!s}-".format(x=x),
- "__index__": lambda x: "index: {x}".format(x=x),
+ "float": lambda x: f"[{x: 4.1f}]",
+ "int": lambda x: f"0x{x:x}",
+ "object": lambda x: f"-{x!s}-",
+ "__index__": lambda x: f"index: {x}",
}
result = df.to_latex(formatters=dict(formatters))
@@ -744,9 +744,7 @@ def test_to_latex_multiindex_names(self, name0, name1, axes):
idx_names = tuple(n or "{}" for n in names)
idx_names_row = (
- "{idx_names[0]} & {idx_names[1]} & & & & \\\\\n".format(
- idx_names=idx_names
- )
+ f"{idx_names[0]} & {idx_names[1]} & & & & \\\\\n"
if (0 in axes and any(names))
else ""
)
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/generate_legacy_storage_files.py b/pandas/tests/io/generate_legacy_storage_files.py
index f7583c93b9288..ca853ba5f00f5 100755
--- a/pandas/tests/io/generate_legacy_storage_files.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/generate_legacy_storage_files.py
@@ -323,17 +323,17 @@ def write_legacy_pickles(output_dir):
"This script generates a storage file for the current arch, system, "
"and python version"
)
- print(" pandas version: {0}".format(version))
- print(" output dir : {0}".format(output_dir))
+ print(f" pandas version: {version}")
+ print(f" output dir : {output_dir}")
print(" storage format: pickle")
- pth = "{0}.pickle".format(platform_name())
+ pth = f"{platform_name()}.pickle"
fh = open(os.path.join(output_dir, pth), "wb")
pickle.dump(create_pickle_data(), fh, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
fh.close()
- print("created pickle file: {pth}".format(pth=pth))
+ print(f"created pickle file: {pth}")
def write_legacy_file():
|