diff --git a/pandas/core/generic.py b/pandas/core/generic.py
index 152983451bc38..a3b9bec494854 100644
--- a/pandas/core/generic.py
+++ b/pandas/core/generic.py
@@ -5772,7 +5772,7 @@ def _to_dict_of_blocks(self, copy=True):
             for k, v, in self._data.to_dict(copy=copy).items()
         }
 
-    def astype(self, dtype, copy=True, errors="raise", **kwargs):
+    def astype(self, dtype, copy=True, errors="raise"):
         """
         Cast a pandas object to a specified dtype ``dtype``.
 
@@ -5795,8 +5795,6 @@ def astype(self, dtype, copy=True, errors="raise", **kwargs):
 
             .. versionadded:: 0.20.0
 
-        **kwargs : keyword arguments to pass on to the constructor
-
         Returns
         -------
         casted : same type as caller
@@ -5882,7 +5880,7 @@ def astype(self, dtype, copy=True, errors="raise", **kwargs):
                         "the key in Series dtype mappings."
                     )
                 new_type = dtype[self.name]
-                return self.astype(new_type, copy, errors, **kwargs)
+                return self.astype(new_type, copy, errors)
 
             for col_name in dtype.keys():
                 if col_name not in self:
@@ -5894,9 +5892,7 @@ def astype(self, dtype, copy=True, errors="raise", **kwargs):
             for col_name, col in self.items():
                 if col_name in dtype:
                     results.append(
-                        col.astype(
-                            dtype=dtype[col_name], copy=copy, errors=errors, **kwargs
-                        )
+                        col.astype(dtype=dtype[col_name], copy=copy, errors=errors)
                     )
                 else:
                     results.append(results.append(col.copy() if copy else col))
@@ -5911,9 +5907,7 @@ def astype(self, dtype, copy=True, errors="raise", **kwargs):
 
         else:
             # else, only a single dtype is given
-            new_data = self._data.astype(
-                dtype=dtype, copy=copy, errors=errors, **kwargs
-            )
+            new_data = self._data.astype(dtype=dtype, copy=copy, errors=errors)
             return self._constructor(new_data).__finalize__(self)
 
         # GH 19920: retain column metadata after concat
diff --git a/pandas/core/internals/blocks.py b/pandas/core/internals/blocks.py
index 04c3b2b7714ef..b76cb5cbec626 100644
--- a/pandas/core/internals/blocks.py
+++ b/pandas/core/internals/blocks.py
@@ -574,18 +574,6 @@ def _astype(self, dtype, copy=False, errors="raise", **kwargs):
         # may need to convert to categorical
         if self.is_categorical_astype(dtype):
 
-            # deprecated 17636
-            for deprecated_arg in ("categories", "ordered"):
-                if deprecated_arg in kwargs:
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "Got an unexpected argument: {}".format(deprecated_arg)
-                    )
-
-            categories = kwargs.get("categories", None)
-            ordered = kwargs.get("ordered", None)
-            if com.any_not_none(categories, ordered):
-                dtype = CategoricalDtype(categories, ordered)
-
             if is_categorical_dtype(self.values):
                 # GH 10696/18593: update an existing categorical efficiently
                 return self.make_block(self.values.astype(dtype, copy=copy))
@@ -621,7 +609,7 @@ def _astype(self, dtype, copy=False, errors="raise", **kwargs):
             # _astype_nansafe works fine with 1-d only
             vals1d = values.ravel()
             try:
-                values = astype_nansafe(vals1d, dtype, copy=True, **kwargs)
+                values = astype_nansafe(vals1d, dtype, copy=True)
             except (ValueError, TypeError):
                 # e.g. astype_nansafe can fail on object-dtype of strings
                 #  trying to convert to float
diff --git a/pandas/tests/series/test_dtypes.py b/pandas/tests/series/test_dtypes.py
index 9be79bf93ece7..6ee120f3bec64 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/series/test_dtypes.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/series/test_dtypes.py
@@ -228,11 +228,10 @@ def test_astype_dict_like(self, dtype_class):
         with pytest.raises(KeyError, match=msg):
             s.astype(dt5)
 
-    def test_astype_categories_deprecation_raises(self):
-
-        # deprecated 17636
+    def test_astype_categories_raises(self):
+        # deprecated 17636, removed in GH-27141
         s = Series(["a", "b", "a"])
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Got an unexpected"):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="got an unexpected"):
             s.astype("category", categories=["a", "b"], ordered=True)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(