diff --git a/pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx b/pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx
index fd2c522dcd0ca..be2a8da58c7e4 100644
--- a/pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx
+++ b/pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2012, Lambda Foundry, Inc.
 # See LICENSE for the license
+import bz2
+import gzip
+import lzma
 import os
 import sys
 import time
 import warnings
+import zipfile
 
 from csv import QUOTE_MINIMAL, QUOTE_NONNUMERIC, QUOTE_NONE
 from errno import ENOENT
@@ -624,16 +628,13 @@ cdef class TextReader:
 
         if self.compression:
             if self.compression == 'gzip':
-                import gzip
                 if isinstance(source, basestring):
                     source = gzip.GzipFile(source, 'rb')
                 else:
                     source = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=source)
             elif self.compression == 'bz2':
-                import bz2
                 source = bz2.BZ2File(source, 'rb')
             elif self.compression == 'zip':
-                import zipfile
                 zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(source)
                 zip_names = zip_file.namelist()
 
@@ -648,8 +649,6 @@ cdef class TextReader:
                     raise ValueError('Multiple files found in compressed '
                                      'zip file %s', str(zip_names))
             elif self.compression == 'xz':
-                lzma = compat.import_lzma()
-
                 if isinstance(source, basestring):
                     source = lzma.LZMAFile(source, 'rb')
                 else:
diff --git a/pandas/compat/__init__.py b/pandas/compat/__init__.py
index 17a75303a617c..be59f838fce9e 100644
--- a/pandas/compat/__init__.py
+++ b/pandas/compat/__init__.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 Cross-compatible functions for Python 2 and 3.
 
 Key items to import for 2/3 compatible code:
-* iterators: reduce()
 * lists: lrange(), lmap(), lzip(), lfilter()
 * iterable method compatibility: iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
   * Uses the original method if available, otherwise uses items, keys, values.
@@ -100,15 +99,6 @@ def signature(f):
                                            'varargs', 'keywords'])
         return argspec(args, defaults, varargs, keywords)
 
-    def get_range_parameters(data):
-        """Gets the start, stop, and step parameters from a range object"""
-        return data.start, data.stop, data.step
-
-    # have to explicitly put builtins into the namespace
-    intern = sys.intern
-    reduce = functools.reduce
-    unichr = chr
-
     # list-producing versions of the major Python iterating functions
     def lrange(*args, **kwargs):
         return list(range(*args, **kwargs))
@@ -122,8 +112,6 @@ def lmap(*args, **kwargs):
     def lfilter(*args, **kwargs):
         return list(filter(*args, **kwargs))
 
-    from importlib import reload
-    reload = reload
     Hashable = collections.abc.Hashable
     Iterable = collections.abc.Iterable
     Iterator = collections.abc.Iterator
@@ -149,37 +137,12 @@ def bytes_to_str(b, encoding='ascii'):
     def signature(f):
         return inspect.getargspec(f)
 
-    def get_range_parameters(data):
-        """Gets the start, stop, and step parameters from a range object"""
-        # seems we only have indexing ops to infer
-        # rather than direct accessors
-        if len(data) > 1:
-            step = data[1] - data[0]
-            stop = data[-1] + step
-            start = data[0]
-        elif len(data):
-            start = data[0]
-            stop = data[0] + 1
-            step = 1
-        else:
-            start = stop = 0
-            step = 1
-
-        return start, stop, step
-
-    # import iterator versions of these functions
-    intern = intern
-    reduce = reduce
-    unichr = unichr
-
     # Python 2-builtin ranges produce lists
     lrange = builtins.range
     lzip = builtins.zip
     lmap = builtins.map
     lfilter = builtins.filter
 
-    reload = builtins.reload
-
     Hashable = collections.Hashable
     Iterable = collections.Iterable
     Iterator = collections.Iterator
@@ -247,7 +210,6 @@ class to receive bound method
 
 if PY3:
     string_types = str,
-    class_types = type,
     text_type = str
     binary_type = bytes
 
@@ -274,11 +236,6 @@ def east_asian_len(data, encoding=None, ambiguous_width=1):
         else:
             return len(data)
 
-    def import_lzma():
-        """ import lzma from the std library """
-        import lzma
-        return lzma
-
     def set_function_name(f, name, cls):
         """ Bind the name/qualname attributes of the function """
         f.__name__ = name
@@ -289,7 +246,6 @@ def set_function_name(f, name, cls):
         return f
 else:
     string_types = basestring,
-    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
     text_type = unicode
     binary_type = str
 
@@ -321,12 +277,6 @@ def east_asian_len(data, encoding=None, ambiguous_width=1):
         else:
             return len(data)
 
-    def import_lzma():
-        """ import the backported lzma library
-        or raise ImportError if not available """
-        from backports import lzma
-        return lzma
-
     def set_function_name(f, name, cls):
         """ Bind the name attributes of the function """
         f.__name__ = name
@@ -335,20 +285,6 @@ def set_function_name(f, name, cls):
 string_and_binary_types = string_types + (binary_type,)
 
 
-if PY2:
-    # In PY2 functools.wraps doesn't provide metadata pytest needs to generate
-    # decorated tests using parametrization. See pytest GH issue #2782
-    def wraps(wrapped, assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
-              updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
-        def wrapper(f):
-            f = functools.wraps(wrapped, assigned, updated)(f)
-            f.__wrapped__ = wrapped
-            return f
-        return wrapper
-else:
-    wraps = functools.wraps
-
-
 def add_metaclass(metaclass):
     """Class decorator for creating a class with a metaclass."""
     def wrapper(cls):
diff --git a/pandas/conftest.py b/pandas/conftest.py
index 3140efa6503e3..1cb518f426299 100644
--- a/pandas/conftest.py
+++ b/pandas/conftest.py
@@ -218,8 +218,7 @@ def all_compare_operators(request):
     return request.param
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(params=[None, 'gzip', 'bz2', 'zip',
-                        pytest.param('xz', marks=td.skip_if_no_lzma)])
+@pytest.fixture(params=[None, 'gzip', 'bz2', 'zip', 'xz'])
 def compression(request):
     """
     Fixture for trying common compression types in compression tests
@@ -227,8 +226,7 @@ def compression(request):
     return request.param
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(params=['gzip', 'bz2', 'zip',
-                        pytest.param('xz', marks=td.skip_if_no_lzma)])
+@pytest.fixture(params=['gzip', 'bz2', 'zip', 'xz'])
 def compression_only(request):
     """
     Fixture for trying common compression types in compression tests excluding
diff --git a/pandas/core/computation/common.py b/pandas/core/computation/common.py
index 1e38919affcdd..ef686a1205f44 100644
--- a/pandas/core/computation/common.py
+++ b/pandas/core/computation/common.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+from functools import reduce
+
 import numpy as np
 
-from pandas.compat import reduce, string_types
+from pandas.compat import string_types
 
 import pandas as pd
 
diff --git a/pandas/core/computation/expr.py b/pandas/core/computation/expr.py
index 1d8fea951faab..16795ea8c58e9 100644
--- a/pandas/core/computation/expr.py
+++ b/pandas/core/computation/expr.py
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
 """
 
 import ast
-from functools import partial
+from functools import partial, reduce
 import itertools as it
 import operator
 import tokenize
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from pandas.compat import StringIO, lmap, reduce, string_types
+from pandas.compat import StringIO, lmap, string_types
 
 import pandas as pd
 from pandas import compat
diff --git a/pandas/core/indexes/range.py b/pandas/core/indexes/range.py
index 44128c47732d5..ec90e4aa6867c 100644
--- a/pandas/core/indexes/range.py
+++ b/pandas/core/indexes/range.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 from pandas._libs import index as libindex, lib
 import pandas.compat as compat
-from pandas.compat import get_range_parameters, lrange
+from pandas.compat import lrange
 from pandas.compat.numpy import function as nv
 from pandas.util._decorators import Appender, cache_readonly
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def from_range(cls, data, name=None, dtype=None, **kwargs):
                 '{0}(...) must be called with object coercible to a '
                 'range, {1} was passed'.format(cls.__name__, repr(data)))
 
-        start, stop, step = get_range_parameters(data)
+        start, stop, step = data.start, data.stop, data.step
         return RangeIndex(start, stop, step, dtype=dtype, name=name, **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/pandas/core/internals/construction.py b/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
index d06be8b70fc96..231cca0c6701b 100644
--- a/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
+++ b/pandas/core/internals/construction.py
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@
 from pandas._libs import lib
 from pandas._libs.tslibs import IncompatibleFrequency
 import pandas.compat as compat
-from pandas.compat import (
-    get_range_parameters, lmap, lrange, raise_with_traceback)
+from pandas.compat import lmap, lrange, raise_with_traceback
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.cast import (
     construct_1d_arraylike_from_scalar, construct_1d_ndarray_preserving_na,
@@ -612,8 +611,7 @@ def sanitize_array(data, index, dtype=None, copy=False,
 
     elif isinstance(data, range):
         # GH#16804
-        start, stop, step = get_range_parameters(data)
-        arr = np.arange(start, stop, step, dtype='int64')
+        arr = np.arange(data.start, data.stop, data.step, dtype='int64')
         subarr = _try_cast(arr, False, dtype, copy, raise_cast_failure)
     else:
         subarr = _try_cast(data, False, dtype, copy, raise_cast_failure)
diff --git a/pandas/io/common.py b/pandas/io/common.py
index c1cacf39c5b08..a042a0ae3d7d7 100644
--- a/pandas/io/common.py
+++ b/pandas/io/common.py
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 """Common IO api utilities"""
 
+import bz2
 import codecs
 from contextlib import closing, contextmanager
 import csv
+import gzip
+import lzma
 import mmap
 import os
 import zipfile
@@ -364,7 +367,6 @@ def _get_handle(path_or_buf, mode, encoding=None, compression=None,
 
         # GZ Compression
         if compression == 'gzip':
-            import gzip
             if is_path:
                 f = gzip.open(path_or_buf, mode)
             else:
@@ -372,7 +374,6 @@ def _get_handle(path_or_buf, mode, encoding=None, compression=None,
 
         # BZ Compression
         elif compression == 'bz2':
-            import bz2
             if is_path:
                 f = bz2.BZ2File(path_or_buf, mode)
             elif compat.PY2:
@@ -404,7 +405,6 @@ def _get_handle(path_or_buf, mode, encoding=None, compression=None,
 
         # XZ Compression
         elif compression == 'xz':
-            lzma = compat.import_lzma()
             f = lzma.LZMAFile(path_or_buf, mode)
 
         # Unrecognized Compression
diff --git a/pandas/io/formats/excel.py b/pandas/io/formats/excel.py
index d74722996a660..ec8bc1bbc53dd 100644
--- a/pandas/io/formats/excel.py
+++ b/pandas/io/formats/excel.py
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 """Utilities for conversion to writer-agnostic Excel representation
 """
 
+from functools import reduce
 import itertools
 import re
 import warnings
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from pandas.compat import reduce
-
 from pandas.core.dtypes import missing
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import is_float, is_scalar
 from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import ABCMultiIndex, ABCPeriodIndex
diff --git a/pandas/io/formats/html.py b/pandas/io/formats/html.py
index 966656049cf5e..6ba24a95032f8 100644
--- a/pandas/io/formats/html.py
+++ b/pandas/io/formats/html.py
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 
 from pandas._config import get_option
 
-from pandas.compat import lzip, unichr
+from pandas.compat import lzip
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import ABCMultiIndex
 
-from pandas import compat, option_context
+from pandas import option_context
 
 from pandas.io.common import _is_url
 from pandas.io.formats.format import TableFormatter, get_level_lengths
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def render(self):
         self._write_table()
 
         if self.should_show_dimensions:
-            by = chr(215) if compat.PY3 else unichr(215)  # ×
+            by = chr(215)
             self.write('<p>{rows} rows {by} {cols} columns</p>'
                        .format(rows=len(self.frame),
                                by=by,
diff --git a/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py b/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py
index 40a6305bbb42f..f2d5069ccb5d0 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/computation/test_eval.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from distutils.version import LooseVersion
+from functools import reduce
 from itertools import product
 import operator
 import warnings
@@ -7,7 +8,6 @@
 from numpy.random import rand, randint, randn
 import pytest
 
-from pandas.compat import reduce
 from pandas.errors import PerformanceWarning
 import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_network.py b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_network.py
index e54da94089cfd..cb5453f20b525 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_network.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/parser/test_network.py
@@ -19,12 +19,8 @@
 
 
 @pytest.mark.network
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "compress_type, extension", [
-        ('gzip', '.gz'), ('bz2', '.bz2'), ('zip', '.zip'),
-        pytest.param('xz', '.xz', marks=td.skip_if_no_lzma)
-    ]
-)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("compress_type, extension", [
+    ('gzip', '.gz'), ('bz2', '.bz2'), ('zip', '.zip'), ('xz', '.xz')])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('mode', ['explicit', 'infer'])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('engine', ['python', 'c'])
 def test_compressed_urls(salaries_table, compress_type, extension, mode,
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/test_html.py b/pandas/tests/io/test_html.py
index 53471fd5967ce..36b2ac28c067e 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/test_html.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/test_html.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from functools import partial
+from importlib import reload
 import os
 import re
 import threading
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@
 from numpy.random import rand
 import pytest
 
-from pandas.compat import BytesIO, StringIO, is_platform_windows, reload
+from pandas.compat import BytesIO, StringIO, is_platform_windows
 from pandas.errors import ParserError
 import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/test_pickle.py b/pandas/tests/io/test_pickle.py
index 8718de4535eb5..c986159acda6a 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/test_pickle.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/test_pickle.py
@@ -12,16 +12,19 @@
 
 3. Move the created pickle to "data/legacy_pickle/<version>" directory.
 """
+import bz2
 from distutils.version import LooseVersion
 import glob
+import gzip
+import lzma
 import os
 import shutil
 from warnings import catch_warnings, simplefilter
+import zipfile
 
 import pytest
 
 from pandas.compat import is_platform_little_endian
-import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
 
 import pandas as pd
 from pandas import Index
@@ -332,18 +335,14 @@ def compress_file(self, src_path, dest_path, compression):
             return
 
         if compression == 'gzip':
-            import gzip
             f = gzip.open(dest_path, "w")
         elif compression == 'bz2':
-            import bz2
             f = bz2.BZ2File(dest_path, "w")
         elif compression == 'zip':
-            import zipfile
             with zipfile.ZipFile(dest_path, "w",
                                  compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as f:
                 f.write(src_path, os.path.basename(src_path))
         elif compression == 'xz':
-            lzma = pd.compat.import_lzma()
             f = lzma.LZMAFile(dest_path, "w")
         else:
             msg = 'Unrecognized compression type: {}'.format(compression)
@@ -381,10 +380,7 @@ def test_write_explicit_bad(self, compression, get_random_path):
                 df = tm.makeDataFrame()
                 df.to_pickle(path, compression=compression)
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('ext', [
-        '', '.gz', '.bz2', '.no_compress',
-        pytest.param('.xz', marks=td.skip_if_no_lzma)
-    ])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('ext', ['', '.gz', '.bz2', '.no_compress', '.xz'])
     def test_write_infer(self, ext, get_random_path):
         base = get_random_path
         path1 = base + ext
@@ -431,9 +427,7 @@ def test_read_explicit(self, compression, get_random_path):
             tm.assert_frame_equal(df, df2)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('ext', [
-        '', '.gz', '.bz2', '.zip', '.no_compress',
-        pytest.param('.xz', marks=td.skip_if_no_lzma)
-    ])
+        '', '.gz', '.bz2', '.zip', '.no_compress', '.xz'])
     def test_read_infer(self, ext, get_random_path):
         base = get_random_path
         path1 = base + ".raw"
diff --git a/pandas/tests/series/test_dtypes.py b/pandas/tests/series/test_dtypes.py
index c90437a730631..636c0865a5b68 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/series/test_dtypes.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/series/test_dtypes.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # pylint: disable-msg=E1101,W0612
 
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from importlib import reload
 import string
 import sys
 
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ def test_astype_unicode(self):
 
         # Restore the former encoding
         if former_encoding is not None and former_encoding != "utf-8":
-            reload(sys)  # noqa
+            reload(sys)
             sys.setdefaultencoding(former_encoding)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype_class", [dict, Series])
diff --git a/pandas/tests/test_compat.py b/pandas/tests/test_compat.py
index d5f112e3cb847..c33d62dd87be7 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/test_compat.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/test_compat.py
@@ -5,11 +5,9 @@
 
 import re
 
-import pytest
-
 from pandas.compat import (
-    builtins, get_range_parameters, iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues, lfilter,
-    lmap, lrange, lzip, re_type)
+    builtins, iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues, lfilter, lmap, lrange, lzip,
+    re_type)
 
 
 class TestBuiltinIterators(object):
@@ -60,19 +58,5 @@ def test_dict_iterators(self):
         assert next(iteritems({1: 2})) == (1, 2)
 
 
-class TestCompatFunctions(object):
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        'start,stop,step', [(0, 10, 2), (11, -2, -1), (0, -5, 1), (2, 4, 8)])
-    def test_get_range_parameters(self, start, stop, step):
-        rng = range(start, stop, step)
-        start_expected, stop_expected, step_expected = start, stop, step
-
-        start_result, stop_result, step_result = get_range_parameters(rng)
-        assert start_result == start_expected
-        assert stop_result == stop_expected
-        assert step_result == step_expected
-
-
 def test_re_type():
     assert isinstance(re.compile(''), re_type)
diff --git a/pandas/util/_test_decorators.py b/pandas/util/_test_decorators.py
index 0331661c3131f..c0a972388d886 100644
--- a/pandas/util/_test_decorators.py
+++ b/pandas/util/_test_decorators.py
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ def test_foo():
 
 import pytest
 
-from pandas.compat import (
-    PY3, import_lzma, is_platform_32bit, is_platform_windows)
+from pandas.compat import PY3, is_platform_32bit, is_platform_windows
 from pandas.compat.numpy import _np_version_under1p15
 
 from pandas.core.computation.expressions import (
@@ -110,13 +109,6 @@ def _skip_if_no_scipy():
                 safe_import('scipy.signal'))
 
 
-def _skip_if_no_lzma():
-    try:
-        import_lzma()
-    except ImportError:
-        return True
-
-
 def skip_if_no(package, min_version=None):
     """
     Generic function to help skip test functions when required packages are not
@@ -176,8 +168,6 @@ def decorated_func(func):
                                                lang=locale.getlocale()[0]))
 skip_if_no_scipy = pytest.mark.skipif(_skip_if_no_scipy(),
                                       reason="Missing SciPy requirement")
-skip_if_no_lzma = pytest.mark.skipif(_skip_if_no_lzma(),
-                                     reason="need backports.lzma to run")
 skip_if_no_ne = pytest.mark.skipif(not _USE_NUMEXPR,
                                    reason="numexpr enabled->{enabled}, "
                                    "installed->{installed}".format(
diff --git a/pandas/util/testing.py b/pandas/util/testing.py
index 3ef235688e3aa..2664e60ce8616 100644
--- a/pandas/util/testing.py
+++ b/pandas/util/testing.py
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+import bz2
 from collections import Counter
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from datetime import datetime
 from functools import wraps
+import gzip
+import lzma
 import os
 import re
 from shutil import rmtree
 import string
-import sys
 import tempfile
 import traceback
 import warnings
+import zipfile
 
 import numpy as np
 from numpy.random import rand, randn
@@ -20,8 +23,7 @@
 from pandas._libs import testing as _testing
 import pandas.compat as compat
 from pandas.compat import (
-    PY2, PY3, httplib, lmap, lrange, lzip, raise_with_traceback, string_types,
-    unichr)
+    PY2, PY3, httplib, lmap, lrange, lzip, raise_with_traceback, string_types)
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
     is_bool, is_categorical_dtype, is_datetime64_dtype, is_datetime64tz_dtype,
@@ -177,16 +179,12 @@ def decompress_file(path, compression):
     if compression is None:
         f = open(path, 'rb')
     elif compression == 'gzip':
-        import gzip
         f = gzip.open(path, 'rb')
     elif compression == 'bz2':
-        import bz2
         f = bz2.BZ2File(path, 'rb')
     elif compression == 'xz':
-        lzma = compat.import_lzma()
         f = lzma.LZMAFile(path, 'rb')
     elif compression == 'zip':
-        import zipfile
         zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(path)
         zip_names = zip_file.namelist()
         if len(zip_names) == 1:
@@ -236,7 +234,7 @@ def write_to_compressed(compression, path, data, dest="test"):
         import bz2
         compress_method = bz2.BZ2File
     elif compression == "xz":
-        lzma = compat.import_lzma()
+        import lzma
         compress_method = lzma.LZMAFile
     else:
         msg = "Unrecognized compression type: {}".format(compression)
@@ -367,7 +365,7 @@ def randbool(size=(), p=0.5):
 
 RANDS_CHARS = np.array(list(string.ascii_letters + string.digits),
                        dtype=(np.str_, 1))
-RANDU_CHARS = np.array(list("".join(map(unichr, lrange(1488, 1488 + 26))) +
+RANDU_CHARS = np.array(list("".join(map(chr, lrange(1488, 1488 + 26))) +
                             string.digits), dtype=(np.unicode_, 1))
 
 
@@ -421,32 +419,6 @@ def close(fignum=None):
         _close(fignum)
 
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Stdout / stderr decorators
-
-
-@contextmanager
-def set_defaultencoding(encoding):
-    """
-    Set default encoding (as given by sys.getdefaultencoding()) to the given
-    encoding; restore on exit.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    encoding : str
-    """
-    if not PY2:
-        raise ValueError("set_defaultencoding context is only available "
-                         "in Python 2.")
-    orig = sys.getdefaultencoding()
-    reload(sys)  # noqa:F821
-    sys.setdefaultencoding(encoding)
-    try:
-        yield
-    finally:
-        sys.setdefaultencoding(orig)
-
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # contextmanager to ensure the file cleanup
 
@@ -2207,7 +2179,7 @@ def network(t, url="http://www.google.com",
     from pytest import skip
     t.network = True
 
-    @compat.wraps(t)
+    @wraps(t)
     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
         if check_before_test and not raise_on_error:
             if not can_connect(url, error_classes):