diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v0.21.0.txt b/doc/source/whatsnew/v0.21.0.txt
index 89e2d3006696c..01ead1f9945e0 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v0.21.0.txt
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v0.21.0.txt
@@ -1168,6 +1168,7 @@ PyPy
 - Fix :func:`DataFrame.memory_usage` to support PyPy. Objects on PyPy do not have a fixed size,
   so an approximation is used instead (:issue:`17228`)
 
+
 Other
 ^^^^^
 - Bug where some inplace operators were not being wrapped and produced a copy when invoked (:issue:`12962`)
diff --git a/pandas/core/categorical.py b/pandas/core/categorical.py
index 1e3c8f89c0e05..e916be3396521 100644
--- a/pandas/core/categorical.py
+++ b/pandas/core/categorical.py
@@ -2122,15 +2122,29 @@ def is_dtype_equal(self, other):
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        other : Categorical
+        other : Categorical, Series
 
         Returns
         -------
         are_equal : boolean
         """
-
         try:
+<<<<<<< 965c1c89b6df471d88dc0e1188fb8cbc0d89f867
             return hash(self.dtype) == hash(other.dtype)
+=======
+            from pandas.core.series import Series
+
+            if isinstance(other, Series):
+                other = Categorical(other)
+
+<<<<<<< a581a743fe6740011e4fb0a7031ee92ce57b480b
+            return (self.categories.equals(other_categorical.categories) and
+                    self.ordered == other_categorical.ordered)
+>>>>>>> BUG: Fix Categorical comparsion with Series of dtype 'category'
+=======
+            return (self.categories.equals(other.categories) and
+                    self.ordered == other.ordered)
+>>>>>>> simplify the fix, add issue reference number to corresponding test and tighten the wording in doc whatsnew
         except (AttributeError, TypeError):
             return False
 
diff --git a/pandas/tests/test_categorical.py b/pandas/tests/test_categorical.py
index b77e2d1dcda8a..17db84a88ae0d 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/test_categorical.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/test_categorical.py
@@ -202,6 +202,12 @@ def test_is_equal_dtype(self):
             CategoricalIndex(c1, categories=list('cab'))))
         assert not c1.is_dtype_equal(CategoricalIndex(c1, ordered=True))
 
+        # GH 16659
+        s1 = pd.Series(c1)
+        assert c1.is_dtype_equal(s1)
+        assert not c2.is_dtype_equal(s1)
+        assert not c3.is_dtype_equal(s1)
+
     def test_constructor(self):
 
         exp_arr = np.array(["a", "b", "c", "a", "b", "c"], dtype=np.object_)