diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v0.17.0.txt b/doc/source/whatsnew/v0.17.0.txt
index 2be7194af34b0..6ae67ab6eedb1 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v0.17.0.txt
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v0.17.0.txt
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ Performance Improvements
 - Development support for benchmarking with the `Air Speed Velocity library <https://github.com/spacetelescope/asv/>`_ (:issue:`8316`)
 - Added vbench benchmarks for alternative ExcelWriter engines and reading Excel files (:issue:`7171`)
 - Performance improvements in ``Categorical.value_counts`` (:issue:`10804`)
-- Performance improvements in ``SeriesGroupBy.nunique`` and ``SeriesGroupBy.value_counts`` (:issue:`10820`, :issue:`11077`)
+- Performance improvements in ``SeriesGroupBy.nunique`` and ``SeriesGroupBy.value_counts`` and ``SeriesGroupby.transform`` (:issue:`10820`, :issue:`11077`)
 - Performance improvements in ``DataFrame.drop_duplicates`` with integer dtypes (:issue:`10917`)
 - 4x improvement in ``timedelta`` string parsing (:issue:`6755`, :issue:`10426`)
 - 8x improvement in ``timedelta64`` and ``datetime64`` ops (:issue:`6755`)
diff --git a/pandas/core/groupby.py b/pandas/core/groupby.py
index 8e44480c0c09b..35f5b7fadb9db 100644
--- a/pandas/core/groupby.py
+++ b/pandas/core/groupby.py
@@ -2512,13 +2512,19 @@ def _transform_fast(self, func):
         if isinstance(func, compat.string_types):
             func = getattr(self,func)
 
-        values = func().values
-        counts = self.size().fillna(0).values
-        values = np.repeat(values, com._ensure_platform_int(counts))
-        if any(counts == 0):
-            values = self._try_cast(values, self._selected_obj)
+        ids, _, ngroup = self.grouper.group_info
+        mask = ids != -1
+
+        out = func().values[ids]
+        if not mask.all():
+            out = np.where(mask, out, np.nan)
+
+        obs = np.zeros(ngroup, dtype='bool')
+        obs[ids[mask]] = True
+        if not obs.all():
+            out = self._try_cast(out, self._selected_obj)
 
-        return self._set_result_index_ordered(Series(values))
+        return Series(out, index=self.obj.index)
 
     def filter(self, func, dropna=True, *args, **kwargs):
         """