BUG: Unable to compare unordered categories

[ParthivNaresh]

Pandas version checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the main branch of pandas.

Reproducible Example

import pandas as pd
ser_1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, "b"], dtype="category")
ser_2 = pd.Series([1, 3, 3, "b"], dtype="category")

ser_2 = ser_2.cat.add_categories(2)

print(f"Ser_1 categories: {ser_1.cat.categories}")
print(f"Ser_2 categories: {ser_2.cat.categories}")

ser_1.eq(ser_2)
===============================================
Ser_1 categories: Index([1, 2, 3, 'b'], dtype='object')
Ser_2 categories: Index([1, 3, 'b', 2], dtype='object')
File "/.../site-packages/pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py", line 153, in func
    raise TypeError(msg)
TypeError: Categoricals can only be compared if 'categories' are the same.

Issue Description

I believe this PR may have oversimplified categorical comparisons and prevented unordered categories from being compared.

Expected Behavior

I would expect that comparing two collections of categories would not raise an error if the sets of those two categories are equivalent regardless of the order.

Installed Versions

IINSTALLED VERSIONS

commit : 2e218d1
python : 3.8.16.final.0
python-bits : 64
OS : Darwin
OS-release : 21.6.0
Version : Darwin Kernel Version 21.6.0: Mon Aug 22 20:17:10 PDT 2022; root:xnu-8020.140.49~2/RELEASE_X86_64
machine : x86_64
processor : i386
byteorder : little
LC_ALL : None
LANG : en_US.UTF-8
LOCALE : en_US.UTF-8

pandas : 1.5.3
numpy : 1.23.5
pytz : 2022.7.1
dateutil : 2.8.2
setuptools : 67.1.0
pip : 23.0
Cython : None
pytest : 7.0.1
hypothesis : None
sphinx : 5.1.1
blosc : None
feather : None
xlsxwriter : None
lxml.etree : None
html5lib : None
pymysql : None
psycopg2 : None
jinja2 : 3.1.2
IPython : 8.4.0
pandas_datareader: None
bs4 : 4.11.2
bottleneck : None
brotli : None
fastparquet : None
fsspec : 2023.1.0
gcsfs : None
matplotlib : None
numba : None
numexpr : None
odfpy : None
openpyxl : None
pandas_gbq : None
pyarrow : 11.0.0
pyreadstat : None
pyxlsb : None
s3fs : None
scipy : 1.10.0
snappy : None
sqlalchemy : None
tables : None
tabulate : None
xarray : None
xlrd : None
xlwt : None
zstandard : None
tzdata : None

[AlexKirko]

Confirmed by reproducing. Since categories are unordered by default, I agree that there shouldn't be an error and we should just get False here.

@ParthivNaresh Would you be willing to take on making a PR to fix this?

[ParthivNaresh]

@AlexKirko For sure I'm on it!

[ParthivNaresh]

take