BUG: Improve ImportError message to suggest importing dependencies directly for full error details (#61084)

* Add hint to display full message for missing dependencies in pandas/init.py

* ENH: Improve import error handling to preserve original traceback

* TST: refactor testing for hard dependency package

* Update pandas/__init__.py

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <[email protected]>

* Refactor prevent statement too long

* ENH: change unittest to verify ImportError is raised when required dependencies are missing

* TST: Use pytest.raises match parameter in test_missing_required_dependency

---------

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <[email protected]>

Author: chilin0525

pandas/__init__.py

@@ -4,19 +4,17 @@
 
 # Let users know if they're missing any of our hard dependencies
 _hard_dependencies = ("numpy", "dateutil")
-_missing_dependencies = []
 
 for _dependency in _hard_dependencies:
     try:
         __import__(_dependency)
     except ImportError as _e:  # pragma: no cover
-        _missing_dependencies.append(f"{_dependency}: {_e}")
+        raise ImportError(
+            f"Unable to import required dependency {_dependency}. "
+            "Please see the traceback for details."
+        ) from _e
 
-if _missing_dependencies:  # pragma: no cover
-    raise ImportError(
-        "Unable to import required dependencies:\n" + "\n".join(_missing_dependencies)
-    )
-del _hard_dependencies, _dependency, _missing_dependencies
+del _hard_dependencies, _dependency
 
 try:
     # numpy compat

pandas/tests/test_downstream.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 import array
 from functools import partial
+import importlib
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
@@ -186,41 +187,21 @@ def test_yaml_dump(df):
     tm.assert_frame_equal(df, loaded2)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.single_cpu
-def test_missing_required_dependency():
-    # GH 23868
-    # To ensure proper isolation, we pass these flags
-    # -S : disable site-packages
-    # -s : disable user site-packages
-    # -E : disable PYTHON* env vars, especially PYTHONPATH
-    # https://github.com/MacPython/pandas-wheels/pull/50
-
-    pyexe = sys.executable.replace("\\", "/")
-
-    # We skip this test if pandas is installed as a site package. We first
-    # import the package normally and check the path to the module before
-    # executing the test which imports pandas with site packages disabled.
-    call = [pyexe, "-c", "import pandas;print(pandas.__file__)"]
-    output = subprocess.check_output(call).decode()
-    if "site-packages" in output:
-        pytest.skip("pandas installed as site package")
-
-    # This test will fail if pandas is installed as a site package. The flags
-    # prevent pandas being imported and the test will report Failed: DID NOT
-    # RAISE <class 'subprocess.CalledProcessError'>
-    call = [pyexe, "-sSE", "-c", "import pandas"]
-
-    msg = (
-        rf"Command '\['{pyexe}', '-sSE', '-c', 'import pandas'\]' "
-        "returned non-zero exit status 1."
-    )
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dependency", ["numpy", "dateutil"])
+def test_missing_required_dependency(monkeypatch, dependency):
+    # GH#61030
+    original_import = __import__
+    mock_error = ImportError(f"Mock error for {dependency}")
+
+    def mock_import(name, *args, **kwargs):
+        if name == dependency:
+            raise mock_error
+        return original_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
 
-    with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError, match=msg) as exc:
-        subprocess.check_output(call, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("builtins.__import__", mock_import)
 
-    output = exc.value.stdout.decode()
-    for name in ["numpy", "dateutil"]:
-        assert name in output
+    with pytest.raises(ImportError, match=dependency):
+        importlib.reload(importlib.import_module("pandas"))
 
 
 def test_frame_setitem_dask_array_into_new_col(request):