BUG: CategoricalIndex allows reindexing with non-unique CategoricalIndex

Author: qwhelan

doc/source/whatsnew/v0.24.0.rst

@@ -1018,6 +1018,8 @@ Other API Changes
 - :meth:`Categorical.searchsorted` now raises a ``KeyError`` rather that a ``ValueError``, if a searched for key is not found in its categories (:issue:`23466`).
 - :meth:`Index.hasnans` and :meth:`Series.hasnans` now always return a python boolean. Previously, a python or a numpy boolean could be returned, depending on circumstances (:issue:`23294`).
 - The order of the arguments of :func:`DataFrame.to_html` and :func:`DataFrame.to_string` is rearranged to be consistent with each other. (:issue:`23614`)
+- :meth:`CategoricalIndex.reindex` now raises a ``ValueError`` in all cases if the target index is non-unique. It previously only raised if the target index was not of a categorical dtype (:issue:`23963`).
+- Calls such as :meth:`DataFrame.round` with a non-unique :meth:`CategoricalIndex` now return expected data. Previously, data would be improperly duplicated (:issue:`21809`).
 
 .. _whatsnew_0240.deprecations:
 

pandas/core/indexes/category.py

@@ -522,12 +522,16 @@ def reindex(self, target, method=None, level=None, limit=None,
 
         target = ibase.ensure_index(target)
 
-        if not is_categorical_dtype(target) and not target.is_unique:
-            raise ValueError("cannot reindex with a non-unique indexer")
+        if self.equals(target):
+            indexer = None
+            missing = []
+        else:
+            if not target.is_unique:
+                raise ValueError("cannot reindex with a non-unique indexer")
 
-        indexer, missing = self.get_indexer_non_unique(np.array(target))
+            indexer, missing = self.get_indexer_non_unique(np.array(target))
 
-        if len(self.codes):
+        if len(self.codes) and indexer is not None:
             new_target = self.take(indexer)
         else:
             new_target = target

pandas/tests/indexes/test_category.py

@@ -540,6 +540,24 @@ def test_reindex_dtype(self):
         tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(indexer,
                                     np.array([0, 3, 2], dtype=np.intp))
 
+    def test_reindex_duplicate_target(self):
+        # See GH23963
+        c = CategoricalIndex(['a', 'b', 'c', 'a'],
+                             categories=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='non-unique indexer'):
+            c.reindex(['a', 'a', 'c'])
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='non-unique indexer'):
+            c.reindex(CategoricalIndex(['a', 'a', 'c'],
+                                       categories=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+
+        # See GH21809
+        idx = pd.CategoricalIndex(['low'] * 3 + ['hi'] * 3)
+        dfb = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(6, 3), columns=list('abc'), index=idx)
+        assert dfb.shape == (6, 3)
+        dfb_round = dfb.round(3)
+        assert dfb_round.shape == (6, 3)
+
     def test_reindex_empty_index(self):
         # See GH16770
         c = CategoricalIndex([])