more precise checks

Author: topper-123

pandas/_testing/asserters.py

@@ -316,17 +316,22 @@ def _check_types(left, right, obj="Index") -> None:
         assert_class_equal(left, right, exact=exact, obj=obj)
 
         # Skip exact dtype checking when `check_categorical` is False
-        if check_categorical:
-            assert_attr_equal("dtype", left, right, obj=obj)
-            if is_categorical_dtype(left.dtype) and is_categorical_dtype(right.dtype):
+        if is_categorical_dtype(left.dtype) and is_categorical_dtype(right.dtype):
+            if not check_categorical:
+                assert_attr_equal("dtype", left, right, obj=obj)
                 assert_index_equal(left.categories, right.categories, exact=exact)
+            else:
+                assert_attr_equal("inferred_type", left, right, obj=obj)
+            return
 
         # allow string-like to have different inferred_types
         if left.inferred_type in ("string"):
             assert right.inferred_type in ("string")
         else:
             assert_attr_equal("inferred_type", left, right, obj=obj)
 
+        assert_attr_equal("dtype", left, right, obj=obj)
+
     def _get_ilevel_values(index, level):
         # accept level number only
         unique = index.levels[level]
@@ -437,6 +442,8 @@ def assert_class_equal(left, right, exact: bool | str = True, obj="Input"):
     """
     Checks classes are equal.
     """
+    from pandas.core.indexes.numeric import NumericIndex
+
     __tracebackhide__ = True
 
     def repr_class(x):
@@ -450,14 +457,12 @@ def repr_class(x):
         return
 
     if exact == "equiv":
-        # allow equivalence of Int64Index/RangeIndex
-        types = {type(left).__name__, type(right).__name__}
-        if len(types - {"Int64Index", "RangeIndex"}):
-            msg = f"{obj} classes are not equivalent"
-            raise_assert_detail(obj, msg, repr_class(left), repr_class(right))
-    elif exact:
-        msg = f"{obj} classes are different"
-        raise_assert_detail(obj, msg, repr_class(left), repr_class(right))
+        # accept equivalence of all NumericIndex (sub-)classes
+        if isinstance(left, NumericIndex) and isinstance(right, NumericIndex):
+            return
+
+    msg = f"{obj} classes are different"
+    raise_assert_detail(obj, msg, repr_class(left), repr_class(right))
 
 
 def assert_attr_equal(attr: str, left, right, obj: str = "Attributes"):