special-case near-minimum timestamp creation

Author: Robert Schmidtke

pandas/_libs/src/vendored/numpy/datetime/np_datetime.c

@@ -482,8 +482,29 @@ npy_datetime npy_datetimestruct_to_datetime(NPY_DATETIMEUNIT base,
 
   if (base == NPY_FR_ns) {
     int64_t nanoseconds;
-    PD_CHECK_OVERFLOW(
-        scaleMicrosecondsToNanoseconds(microseconds, &nanoseconds));
+
+    // GH-57150: handle near-minimum valid timestamps
+    const int overflow = scaleMicrosecondsToNanoseconds(microseconds, &nanoseconds);
+    if (overflow != 0) {
+      // scaling overflows for pd.Timestamp.min (1677-09-21 00:12:43.145224193)
+      const int64_t near_min_scaled_microseconds = -9223372036854776LL;
+      if (microseconds == near_min_scaled_microseconds) {
+        // reverse calculation to avoid overflow
+        const int near_min_nanoseconds = 193;
+        int64_t nanoseconds_adder;
+        PD_CHECK_OVERFLOW(
+          checked_int64_sub(dts->ps / 1000, near_min_nanoseconds, &nanoseconds_adder));
+
+        // pd.Timestamp.min
+        nanoseconds = NPY_MIN_INT64 + 1;
+        PD_CHECK_OVERFLOW(
+            checked_int64_add(nanoseconds, nanoseconds_adder, &nanoseconds));
+
+        return nanoseconds;
+      }
+    }
+
+    PD_CHECK_OVERFLOW(overflow);
     PD_CHECK_OVERFLOW(
         checked_int64_add(nanoseconds, dts->ps / 1000, &nanoseconds));