@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title: "Case Study: Discovery of Gravitational Waves"
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- {{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_sxs_image.png" class="fig-center" caption="** Gravitational Waves** " alt="binary coalesce black hole generating gravitational waves" attr="( ** Image Credits: The Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) Project at LIGO** ) " attrlink="https://youtu.be/Zt8Z_uzG71o " >}}
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+ {{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_sxs_image.png" class="fig-center" caption="** Gravitational Waves** " alt="binary coalesce black hole generating gravitational waves" attr="* ( Image Credits: The Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) Project at LIGO) * " attrlink="https://youtu.be/Zt8Z_uzG71o " >}}
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<blockquote cite =" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIvezCVcsYs " >
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<p>The scientific Python ecosystem is critical infrastructure for the research done at LIGO.</p>
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astrophysics, cosmology, particle physics, and nuclear physics.
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* Crunch observed data via numerical relativity computations that involves
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complex maths in order to discern signal from noise, filter out relevant
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- signal and statistically estimate significance of observed data
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+ signal and statistically estimate significance of observed data
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* Data visualization so that the binary / numerical results can be
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comprehended.
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- ### The Challenges
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+ ### The Challenges
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* ** Computation**
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complex relativity equations and huge amounts of data which present a
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computational challenge:
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[ O(10^7) CPU hrs needed for binary merger analyses] ( https://youtu.be/7mcHknWWzNI )
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- spread on 6 dedicated LIGO clusters
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+ spread on 6 dedicated LIGO clusters
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* ** Data Deluge**
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{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_strain_amplitude.png" class="fig-center" alt="gravitational waves strain amplitude" caption="** Estimated gravitational-wave strain amplitude from GW150914** " attr="(** Graph Credits:** Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger, ResearchGate Publication)" attrlink="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293886905_Observation_of_Gravitational_Waves_from_a_Binary_Black_Hole_Merger " >}}
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## NumPy’s Role in the detection of Gravitational Waves
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Gravitational waves emitted from the merger cannot be computed using any
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technique except brute force numerical relativity using supercomputers.
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The amount of data LIGO collects is as incomprehensibly large as gravitational
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* Visualization of data
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- Time series
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- Spectrograms
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- * Compute Correlations
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+ * Compute Correlations
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* Key [ Software] ( https://github.com/lscsoft ) developed in GW data analysis
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such as [ GwPy] ( https://gwpy.github.io/docs/stable/overview.html ) and
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[ PyCBC] ( https://pycbc.org ) uses NumPy and AstroPy under the hood for
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providing object based interfaces to utilities, tools and methods for
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studying data from gravitational-wave detectors.
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## Summary
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GW detection has enabled researchers to discover entirely unexpected phenomena
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