Fix precedence for the NOT operator (2/4)

I checked the docs of a few of the most popular RDBMSes, and it seems
there's consensus that the precedence of `NOT` is higher than `AND`,
but lower than `IS NULL`.

Postgresql[1], Oracle[2] and MySQL[3] docs say that explicitly.

T-SQL docs[4] do mention it's higher than `AND`, and while they don't
explicitly mention IS NULL, this snippet:

    select * from (select 1 as a)x
    where (not x.a) is null

...is a parsing error, while the following works like IS NOT NULL:

    select * from (select 1 as a)x
    where not x.a is null

sqlite doesn't seem to mention `NOT` precedence, but I assume it works
similarly.

[1] https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-OPERATORS
[2] https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/conditions001.htm#i1034834
[3] https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/operator-precedence.html
[4] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/operator-precedence-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017

Author: nickolay

src/sqlparser.rs

@@ -165,10 +165,13 @@ impl Parser {
                     }
                     "CASE" => self.parse_case_expression(),
                     "CAST" => self.parse_cast_expression(),
-                    "NOT" => Ok(ASTNode::SQLUnary {
-                        operator: SQLOperator::Not,
-                        expr: Box::new(self.parse_subexpr(0)?), // TBD (2)
-                    }),
+                    "NOT" => {
+                        let p = self.get_precedence(&Token::make_keyword("NOT"))?;
+                        Ok(ASTNode::SQLUnary {
+                            operator: SQLOperator::Not,
+                            expr: Box::new(self.parse_subexpr(p)?),
+                        })
+                    }
                     _ => match self.peek_token() {
                         Some(Token::LParen) => self.parse_function(&w.value),
                         Some(Token::Period) => {
@@ -371,7 +374,7 @@ impl Parser {
             &Token::SQLWord(ref k) if k.keyword == "OR" => Ok(5),
             &Token::SQLWord(ref k) if k.keyword == "AND" => Ok(10),
             &Token::SQLWord(ref k) if k.keyword == "NOT" => Ok(15),
-            &Token::SQLWord(ref k) if k.keyword == "IS" => Ok(15),
+            &Token::SQLWord(ref k) if k.keyword == "IS" => Ok(17),
             &Token::SQLWord(ref k) if k.keyword == "LIKE" => Ok(20),
             &Token::Eq | &Token::Lt | &Token::LtEq | &Token::Neq | &Token::Gt | &Token::GtEq => {
                 Ok(20)

tests/sqlparser_generic.rs

@@ -187,6 +187,31 @@ fn parse_is_not_null() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn parse_not_precedence() {
+    use self::ASTNode::*;
+    // NOT has higher precedence than OR/AND, so the following must parse as (NOT true) OR true
+    let sql = String::from("NOT true OR true");
+    match verified_expr(&sql) {
+        SQLBinaryExpr {
+            op: SQLOperator::Or,
+            ..
+        } => assert!(true),
+        _ => assert!(false),
+    };
+
+    // But NOT has lower precedence than comparison operators, so the following parses as NOT (a IS NULL)
+    let sql = String::from("NOT a IS NULL");
+    println!("{:#?}", verified_expr(&sql));
+    match verified_expr(&sql) {
+        SQLUnary {
+            operator: SQLOperator::Not,
+            ..
+        } => assert!(true),
+        _ => assert!(false),
+    };
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn parse_like() {
     let sql = String::from("SELECT * FROM customers WHERE name LIKE '%a'");