feat: Introduce Mapping To Type Support

<TODO>

Author: injectives

driver/clirr-ignored-differences.xml

@@ -633,4 +633,16 @@
         <method>org.neo4j.driver.net.ServerAddress of(java.lang.String)</method>
     </difference>
 
+    <difference>
+        <className>org/neo4j/driver/Value</className>
+        <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+        <method>java.lang.Object as(java.lang.Class)</method>
+    </difference>
+
+    <difference>
+        <className>org/neo4j/driver/Record</className>
+        <differenceType>7012</differenceType>
+        <method>java.lang.Object as(java.lang.Class)</method>
+    </difference>
+
 </differences>

driver/src/main/java/module-info.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
     exports org.neo4j.driver.util;
     exports org.neo4j.driver.exceptions;
     exports org.neo4j.driver.exceptions.value;
+    exports org.neo4j.driver.mapping;
 
     requires org.neo4j.bolt.connection;
     requires org.neo4j.bolt.connection.netty;

driver/src/main/java/org/neo4j/driver/Record.java

@@ -19,9 +19,14 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import org.neo4j.driver.exceptions.ClientException;
 import org.neo4j.driver.exceptions.NoSuchRecordException;
+import org.neo4j.driver.exceptions.value.LossyCoercion;
+import org.neo4j.driver.exceptions.value.Uncoercible;
+import org.neo4j.driver.mapping.Property;
+import org.neo4j.driver.types.MapAccessor;
 import org.neo4j.driver.types.MapAccessorWithDefaultValue;
 import org.neo4j.driver.util.Immutable;
 import org.neo4j.driver.util.Pair;
+import org.neo4j.driver.util.Preview;
 
 /**
  * Container for Cypher result values.
@@ -78,4 +83,74 @@ public interface Record extends MapAccessorWithDefaultValue {
      * @throws NoSuchRecordException if the associated underlying record is not available
      */
     List<Pair<String, Value>> fields();
+
+    /**
+     * Maps values of this record to properties of the given type providing that is it supported.
+     * <p>
+     * Example (using the <a href=https://github.com/neo4j-graph-examples/movies>Neo4j Movies Database</a>):
+     * <pre>
+     * {@code
+     * // assuming the following Java record
+     * public record MovieInfo(String title, String director, List<String> actors) {}
+     * // the record values may be mapped to MovieInfo instances
+     * var movies = driver.executableQuery("MATCH (actor:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(movie:Movie)<-[:DIRECTED]-(director:Person) RETURN movie.title as title, director.name AS director, collect(actor.name) AS actors")
+     *         .execute()
+     *         .records()
+     *         .stream()
+     *         .map(record -> record.as(MovieInfo.class))
+     *         .toList();
+     * }
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>
+     * Note that Object Mapping is an alternative to accessing the user-defined values in a {@link MapAccessor}.
+     * If Object Graph Mapping (OGM) is needed, please use a higher level solution built on top of the driver, like
+     * <a href="https://neo4j.com/docs/getting-started/languages-guides/java/spring-data-neo4j/">Spring Data Neo4j</a>.
+     * <p>
+     * The mapping is done by matching user-defined property names to target type constructor parameters. Therefore, the
+     * constructor parameters must either have {@link Property} annotation or have a matching name that is available
+     * at runtime (note that the constructor parameter names are typically changed by the compiler unless either the
+     * compiler {@code -parameters} option is used or they belong to the cannonical constructor of
+     * {@link java.lang.Record java.lang.Record}). The name matching is case-sensitive.
+     * <p>
+     * Additionally, the {@link Property} annotation may be used when mapping a property with a different name to
+     * {@link java.lang.Record java.lang.Record} cannonical constructor parameter.
+     * <p>
+     * The constructor selection criteria is the following (top priority first):
+     * <ol>
+     *     <li>Maximum matching properties.</li>
+     *     <li>Minimum mismatching properties.</li>
+     * </ol>
+     * The constructor search is done in the order defined by the {@link Class#getDeclaredConstructors()} and is
+     * finished either when a full match is found with no mismatches or once all constructors have been visited.
+     * <p>
+     * At least 1 property match must be present for mapping to work.
+     * <p>
+     * A {@code null} value is used for arguments that don't have a matching property. If the argument does not accept
+     * {@code null} value (this includes primitive types), an alternative constructor that excludes it must be
+     * available.
+     * <p>
+     * Types with generic parameters defined at the class level are not supported. However, constructor arguments with
+     * specific types are permitted, see the {@code actors} parameter in the example above.
+     * <p>
+     * On the contrary, the following record would not be mapped because the type information is insufficient:
+     * <pre>
+     * {@code
+     * public record MovieInfo(String title, String director, List<T> actors) {}
+     * }
+     * </pre>
+     * Wildcard type value is not supported.
+     *
+     * @param targetClass the target class to map to
+     * @param <T>         the target type to map to
+     * @return the mapped value
+     * @throws Uncoercible when mapping to the target type is not possible
+     * @throws LossyCoercion when mapping cannot be achieved without losing precision
+     * @see Property
+     * @since 5.28.5
+     */
+    @Preview(name = "Object mapping")
+    default <T> T as(Class<T> targetClass) {
+        // for backwards compatibility only
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("not supported");
+    }
 }