REF: implement Dtype.index_class (pandas-dev#54511)

* REF: implement Dtype.index_class

* property->cache_readonly

Author: jbrockmendel

pandas/core/dtypes/base.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 from pandas._libs import missing as libmissing
 from pandas._libs.hashtable import object_hash
+from pandas._libs.properties import cache_readonly
 from pandas.errors import AbstractMethodError
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import (
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
         type_t,
     )
 
+    from pandas import Index
     from pandas.core.arrays import ExtensionArray
 
     # To parameterize on same ExtensionDtype
@@ -406,6 +408,16 @@ def _is_immutable(self) -> bool:
         """
         return False
 
+    @cache_readonly
+    def index_class(self) -> type_t[Index]:
+        """
+        The Index subclass to return from Index.__new__ when this dtype is
+        encountered.
+        """
+        from pandas import Index
+
+        return Index
+
 
 class StorageExtensionDtype(ExtensionDtype):
     """ExtensionDtype that may be backed by more than one implementation."""

pandas/core/dtypes/dtypes.py

@@ -81,7 +81,11 @@
 
     from pandas import (
         Categorical,
+        CategoricalIndex,
+        DatetimeIndex,
         Index,
+        IntervalIndex,
+        PeriodIndex,
     )
     from pandas.core.arrays import (
         BaseMaskedArray,
@@ -671,6 +675,12 @@ def _get_common_dtype(self, dtypes: list[DtypeObj]) -> DtypeObj | None:
 
         return find_common_type(non_cat_dtypes)
 
+    @cache_readonly
+    def index_class(self) -> type_t[CategoricalIndex]:
+        from pandas import CategoricalIndex
+
+        return CategoricalIndex
+
 
 @register_extension_dtype
 class DatetimeTZDtype(PandasExtensionDtype):
@@ -911,6 +921,12 @@ def __setstate__(self, state) -> None:
         self._tz = state["tz"]
         self._unit = state["unit"]
 
+    @cache_readonly
+    def index_class(self) -> type_t[DatetimeIndex]:
+        from pandas import DatetimeIndex
+
+        return DatetimeIndex
+
 
 @register_extension_dtype
 class PeriodDtype(PeriodDtypeBase, PandasExtensionDtype):
@@ -1121,6 +1137,12 @@ def __from_arrow__(self, array: pa.Array | pa.ChunkedArray) -> PeriodArray:
             return PeriodArray(np.array([], dtype="int64"), dtype=self, copy=False)
         return PeriodArray._concat_same_type(results)
 
+    @cache_readonly
+    def index_class(self) -> type_t[PeriodIndex]:
+        from pandas import PeriodIndex
+
+        return PeriodIndex
+
 
 @register_extension_dtype
 class IntervalDtype(PandasExtensionDtype):
@@ -1384,6 +1406,12 @@ def _get_common_dtype(self, dtypes: list[DtypeObj]) -> DtypeObj | None:
             return np.dtype(object)
         return IntervalDtype(common, closed=closed)
 
+    @cache_readonly
+    def index_class(self) -> type_t[IntervalIndex]:
+        from pandas import IntervalIndex
+
+        return IntervalIndex
+
 
 class NumpyEADtype(ExtensionDtype):
     """

pandas/core/indexes/base.py

@@ -599,24 +599,7 @@ def _dtype_to_subclass(cls, dtype: DtypeObj):
         # Delay import for perf. https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/31423
 
         if isinstance(dtype, ExtensionDtype):
-            if isinstance(dtype, DatetimeTZDtype):
-                from pandas import DatetimeIndex
-
-                return DatetimeIndex
-            elif isinstance(dtype, CategoricalDtype):
-                from pandas import CategoricalIndex
-
-                return CategoricalIndex
-            elif isinstance(dtype, IntervalDtype):
-                from pandas import IntervalIndex
-
-                return IntervalIndex
-            elif isinstance(dtype, PeriodDtype):
-                from pandas import PeriodIndex
-
-                return PeriodIndex
-
-            return Index
+            return dtype.index_class
 
         if dtype.kind == "M":
             from pandas import DatetimeIndex