refactor: improve lifespan context typing and documentation

- Add proper generic parameter for lifespan context type
- Update README with TypedDict example for strong typing
- Fix context variable initialization in server
- Improve property return type safety
- Remove redundant documentation
- Ensure compatibility with existing tests

Author: dsp-ant

README.md

@@ -128,6 +128,9 @@ The [Model Context Protocol (MCP)](https://modelcontextprotocol.io) lets you bui
 The FastMCP server is your core interface to the MCP protocol. It handles connection management, protocol compliance, and message routing:
 
 ```python
+# Add lifespan support for startup/shutdown with strong typing
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import AsyncIterator
 from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
 
 # Create a named server
@@ -136,22 +139,25 @@ mcp = FastMCP("My App")
 # Specify dependencies for deployment and development
 mcp = FastMCP("My App", dependencies=["pandas", "numpy"])
 
-# Add lifespan support for startup/shutdown
+@dataclass
+class AppContext:
+    db: Database  # Replace with your actual DB type
+
 @asynccontextmanager
-async def app_lifespan(server: FastMCP) -> AsyncIterator[dict]:
-    """Manage application lifecycle"""
+async def app_lifespan(server: FastMCP) -> AsyncIterator[AppContext]:
+    """Manage application lifecycle with type-safe context"""
     try:
         # Initialize on startup
         await db.connect()
-        yield {"db": db}
+        yield AppContext(db=db)
     finally:
         # Cleanup on shutdown
         await db.disconnect()
 
 # Pass lifespan to server
 mcp = FastMCP("My App", lifespan=app_lifespan)
 
-# Access lifespan context in tools
+# Access type-safe lifespan context in tools
 @mcp.tool()
 def query_db(ctx: Context) -> str:
     """Tool that uses initialized resources"""
@@ -387,7 +393,6 @@ async def query_db(name: str, arguments: dict) -> list:
 The lifespan API provides:
 - A way to initialize resources when the server starts and clean them up when it stops
 - Access to initialized resources through the request context in handlers
-- Support for both low-level Server and FastMCP classes
 - Type-safe context passing between lifespan and request handlers
 
 ```python

src/mcp/server/fastmcp/server.py

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings, Generic[LifespanResultT]):
 
     lifespan: (
         Callable[["FastMCP"], AbstractAsyncContextManager[LifespanResultT]] | None
-    ) = Field(None, description="Lifespan contexte manager")
+    ) = Field(None, description="Lifespan context manager")
 
 
 def lifespan_wrapper(

src/mcp/server/lowlevel/server.py

@@ -85,7 +85,10 @@ async def main():
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-request_ctx: contextvars.ContextVar[RequestContext[ServerSession]] = (
+LifespanResultT = TypeVar("LifespanResultT")
+
+# This will be properly typed in each Server instance's context
+request_ctx: contextvars.ContextVar[RequestContext[ServerSession, Any]] = (
     contextvars.ContextVar("request_ctx")
 )
 
@@ -102,9 +105,6 @@ def __init__(
         self.tools_changed = tools_changed
 
 
-LifespanResultT = TypeVar("LifespanResultT")
-
-
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def lifespan(server: "Server") -> AsyncIterator[object]:
     """Default lifespan context manager that does nothing.
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ def get_capabilities(
         )
 
     @property
-    def request_context(self) -> RequestContext[ServerSession]:
+    def request_context(self) -> RequestContext[ServerSession, LifespanResultT]:
         """If called outside of a request context, this will raise a LookupError."""
         return request_ctx.get()
 
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ async def _handle_request(
         message: RequestResponder,
         req: Any,
         session: ServerSession,
-        lifespan_context: object,
+        lifespan_context: LifespanResultT,
         raise_exceptions: bool,
     ):
         logger.info(f"Processing request of type {type(req).__name__}")

src/mcp/shared/context.py

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
 
 from mcp.shared.session import BaseSession
 from mcp.types import RequestId, RequestParams
 
 SessionT = TypeVar("SessionT", bound=BaseSession)
+LifespanContextT = TypeVar("LifespanContextT")
 
 
 @dataclass
-class RequestContext(Generic[SessionT]):
+class RequestContext(Generic[SessionT, LifespanContextT]):
     request_id: RequestId
     meta: RequestParams.Meta | None
     session: SessionT
-    lifespan_context: Any
+    lifespan_context: LifespanContextT