Rollup merge of rust-lang#138329 - scottmcm:assert-hint, r=Mark-Simulacrum

debug-assert that the size_hint is well-formed in `collect`

Closes rust-lang#137919

In the hopes of helping to catch any future accidentally-incorrect rustc or stdlib iterators (like the ones rust-lang#137908 accidentally found), this has `Iterator::collect` call `size_hint` and check its `low` doesn't exceed its `Some(high)`.

There's of course a bazillion more places this *could* be checked, but the hope is that this one is a good tradeoff of being likely to catch lots of things while having minimal maintenance cost (especially compared to putting it in *every* container's `from_iter`).

Author: jieyouxu

core/src/iter/traits/iterator.rs

@@ -1977,6 +1977,15 @@ pub trait Iterator {
     where
         Self: Sized,
     {
+        // This is too aggressive to turn on for everything all the time, but PR#137908
+        // accidentally noticed that some rustc iterators had malformed `size_hint`s,
+        // so this will help catch such things in debug-assertions-std runners,
+        // even if users won't actually ever see it.
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            let hint = self.size_hint();
+            assert!(hint.1.is_none_or(|high| high >= hint.0), "Malformed size_hint {hint:?}");
+        }
+
         FromIterator::from_iter(self)
     }