Added a .back method to ui-router, fixes angular-ui#92

Adds $state.previous and $state.previousParams. Implements $state.back method
which wraps $state.transitionTo and can take an options object which is passed
through.

$state.previous and $state.previousParams are only updated when the transition
completes.

Added unit tests for .back method()

Author: Michael Tempest

src/state.js

@@ -469,6 +469,8 @@ function $StateProvider(   $urlRouterProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory,           $
       params: {},
       current: root.self,
       $current: root,
+      previous: undefined,
+      previousParams: undefined,
       transition: null
     };
 
@@ -533,6 +535,32 @@ function $StateProvider(   $urlRouterProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory,           $
       return this.transitionTo(to, params, extend({ inherit: true, relative: $state.$current }, options));
     };
 
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#back
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Convenience method for transitioning back to previous state. `$state.back` calls 
+     * `$state.transitionTo` internally.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.state']);
+     *
+     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
+     *   $scope.changeState = function () {
+     *     $state.back();
+     *   };
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {object} options If Object is passed, object is an options hash.
+     */
+    $state.back = function (options) {
+      return this.transitionTo($state.previous, $state.previousParams, options);
+    };
+
     /**
      * @ngdoc function
      * @name ui.router.state.$state#transitionTo
@@ -686,6 +714,8 @@ function $StateProvider(   $urlRouterProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory,           $
         if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
 
         // Update globals in $state
+        $state.previous = $state.current;
+        $state.previousParams = $state.params;
         $state.$current = to;
         $state.current = to.self;
         $state.params = toParams;

test/stateSpec.js

@@ -483,6 +483,26 @@ describe('state', function () {
     }));
   });
 
+  describe('.back()', function () {
+    it('transitions to previous state', inject(function ($state, $q) {
+      $state.transitionTo('about.person.item'); $q.flush();
+      $state.go('^.^.sidebar'); $q.flush();
+      $state.back(); $q.flush();
+
+      expect($state.$current.name).toBe('about.person.item');
+
+    }));
+
+    it('transitions to previous state', inject(function ($state, $stateParams, $q) {
+      $state.transitionTo('about.person.item', { id:5 }); $q.flush();
+      $state.go('^.^.sidebar'); $q.flush();
+      $state.back(); $q.flush();
+
+      expect($stateParams).toEqual({ person: '', id: '5' });
+    }));
+
+  });
+
   describe('.reload()', function () {
     it('should reload the current state with the current parameters', inject(function ($state, $q, $timeout) {
       $state.transitionTo('resolveTimeout', { foo: "bar" });