add a feature gate test

Implicit deref patterns allow previously ill-typed programs. Make sure
they're still ill-typed without the feature gate. I've thrown in a test
for `deref!(_)` too, though it seems it refers to `deref_patterns` as a
library feature.

Author: dianne

tests/ui/pattern/deref-patterns/needs-gate.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// gate-test-deref_patterns
+
+fn main() {
+    match Box::new(0) {
+        deref!(0) => {}
+        //~^ ERROR: use of unstable library feature `deref_patterns`: placeholder syntax for deref patterns
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    match Box::new(0) {
+        0 => {}
+        //~^ ERROR: mismatched types
+        _ => {}
+    }
+}

tests/ui/pattern/deref-patterns/needs-gate.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+error[E0658]: use of unstable library feature `deref_patterns`: placeholder syntax for deref patterns
+  --> $DIR/needs-gate.rs:5:9
+   |
+LL |         deref!(0) => {}
+   |         ^^^^^
+   |
+   = note: see issue #87121 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/87121> for more information
+   = help: add `#![feature(deref_patterns)]` to the crate attributes to enable
+   = note: this compiler was built on YYYY-MM-DD; consider upgrading it if it is out of date
+
+error[E0308]: mismatched types
+  --> $DIR/needs-gate.rs:11:9
+   |
+LL |     match Box::new(0) {
+   |           ----------- this expression has type `Box<{integer}>`
+LL |         0 => {}
+   |         ^ expected `Box<{integer}>`, found integer
+   |
+   = note: expected struct `Box<{integer}>`
+                found type `{integer}`
+help: consider dereferencing to access the inner value using the Deref trait
+   |
+LL |     match *Box::new(0) {
+   |           +
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+Some errors have detailed explanations: E0308, E0658.
+For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.