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‎slides/.npmignore

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/test
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/examples
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.github
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.gulpfile
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.sass-cache
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gulpfile.js
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CONTRIBUTING.md

‎slides/00-title-page.md

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<!-- .slide: data-background-color="#781010" data-background-image="images/bg-reveal.ps.png" -->
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[//]: # (The following is a hack to move the slide H2 section down)
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## Present day Java versus Scala
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#### &#173;
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#### *Modern Java's features from a Scala developer's point of view*
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‎slides/01-introduction.md

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<!-- .slide: data-background-color="#781010" data-background-image="images/bg-reveal.ps.png" -->
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[//]: # (The following is a hack to move the slide H2 section down)
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## Introduction
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---
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## Course overview
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## &#173;
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* In this course we will:
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* Start from an existing Scala (2.13)/[Akka Typed](https://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/current/typed/actors.html#module-info) (2.6) based application
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* Apply features introduced in the Scala language as part of the Scala 3 project
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### &#173;
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* The objective is to illustrate how these new features:
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* Bring added value and can simplify Scala code
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* Remove some of the inconsistencies or warts from the Scala 2 language
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---
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## Course prerequisites
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## &#173;
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* The participants should have practical experience with the Scala 2 language
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* The course has a number of exercises and each student should have a computer with the following installed:
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* JDK 11 (e.g. [AdoptOpenJDK 11](adoptopenjdk.net))
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* [sbt](https://www.scala-sbt.org/1.x/docs/Setup.html)
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* An editor or IDE of your choice configured to work with Scala 3 code
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* Possible options are:
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* [Metals](scalameta.org) with your client of choice ([Visual Code Studio](https://scalameta.org/metals/docs/editors/vscode.html), [Vim](https://scalameta.org/metals/docs/editors/vim.html), etc…)
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* [IntelliJ IDE](https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/) with the Scala plugin installed and [configured to use the nightly build](https://blog.jetbrains.com/scala/2020/03/17/scala-3-support-in-intellij-scala-plugin/)
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* Optionally install the Scala 3 compiler and Scala 3 REPL
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* This can be done using Coursier:
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* *`cs install scalac:3.3.0`*
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* *`cs install scala:3.3.0`*
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---
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## Preparing for the exercises
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## &#173;
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* Download the student-ready version of the exercises [here](https://github.com/lunatech-labs/lunatech-scala-2-to-scala3-course/releases)
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* Unzip the downloaded artefact and *`cd`* into the *`lunatech-scala-2-to-scala3-course`* folder
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* This folder contains an *`sbt`* project that contains all the exercises
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* Start an *`sbt`* session in the root folder
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* Load the project into your favourite development environment (IDE)
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---
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## Student exercise repository functionality
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## &#173;
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- We use the *`cmtc`* command from the command line to navigate the course.
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![CMT commands](images/cmtc-commands.png "CMT-commands")
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---
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## Agenda - I
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## &#173;
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* Course Overview
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* A recap on:
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* Scala 2
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* The Scala 3 project
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* The Akka Toolkit
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* A detailed look at the Scala 2/Akka Typed based Sudoku Solver
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---
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## Agenda - II
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## &#173;
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* Scala 3 features & exercises:
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* **scala3-compiler** code rewrite capabilities
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* [Top Level Definitions](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/dropped-features/package-objects.html)
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* [Parameter Untupling](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/other-new-features/parameter-untupling.html)
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* [Extension methods](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/contextual/extension-methods.html)
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* [Contextual Abstractions](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/contextual/index.html) ([given instances](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/contextual/givens.html), [using clauses](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/contextual/using-clauses.html), [summoning instances](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/contextual/using-clauses.html))
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* [Enumerations](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/enums/enums.html) and [export clauses](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/other-new-features/export.html)
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* [Intersection Types](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/new-types/intersection-types.html) and [Union Types](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/new-types/union-types.html)
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* [Opaque Type Aliases](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/other-new-features/opaques.html)
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* [Multiversal Equality](https://dotty.epfl.ch/docs/reference/contextual/multiversal-equality.html)
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* Wrap-up & Conclusions
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---
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## The teachers
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## &#173;
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* Eric Loots
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* Adrien Picquerez
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* Trevor Burton-McCreadie

‎slides/02-recap-scala2-akka-typed-scala3.md

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<!-- .slide: data-background-color="#781010" data-background-image="images/bg-reveal.ps.png" -->
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[//]: # (The following is a hack to move the slide H2 section down)
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## Recap
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### Scala 2, Dotty, Scala 3, and Akka Typed
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---
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## Scala 2 - The current state
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## &#173;
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* Currently supported versions
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* 2.12
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* 2.13
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* Important progress on compiler performance and collections rewrite
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* New, binary compatible *`Vector`* implementation
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* Most recent release 2.13.10
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* Allow, under some restrictions to use Scala 3 libraries in Scala 2 code (using Tasty) and vice-versa. See the [Compatibility Reference pages](https://docs.scala-lang.org/scala3/guides/migration/compatibility-intro.html) in the Scala 3 Migration Guide
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---
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## Dotty/Scala 3
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## &#173;
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* Dotty 0.21.0-RC1: feature complete for Scala 3 (December 2019)
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* 3.0.0 released on May 13, 2021
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* Current release 3.2.2 released on February 1st, 2023
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* Tooling - Status
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* Metals:
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* integrated support in Metals including Scala Worksheet support!
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* IntelliJ
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* Scala 3 support in Scala Plugin
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* There's the [Scala 3 Migration Guide](https://docs.scala-lang.org/scala3/guides/migration/compatibility-intro.html)!
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---
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## The Actor Model and Akka
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## &#173;
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* As mentioned before, the Scala 2 application we'll be working with, uses the Akka toolkit and is composed of a number of so-called Actors
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* Akka Actors are based on the [Actor Model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model) invented by [Carl Hewitt ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model)in 1973
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* The Actor Model provides:
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* A higher level of abstraction for writing *concurrent and distributed* applications
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* Alleviates the developer from having to deal with explicit locking and thread management
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* An Actor is the base unit of computing in the Actor Model
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* An Actor
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* Has an address (of type ***ActorRef***)
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* Can send messages to other Actors
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* Can create other Actors
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* Has a behaviour that can potentially change after processing a message
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---
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## Akka Actors - Protocol Definition
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## &#173;
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* An Actor has a Protocol that defines
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* The message [types] it can process: so-called ***Commands***
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* The messages it can send in response: so-called ***Responses***
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![Actor protocol](images/Actor-protocol.png "Actor-protocol")
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‎slides/03-the-scala2-application.md

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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## THE SCALA 2/AKKA TYPED BASED SUDOKU SOLVER
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---
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## The Reference Scala 2 Application
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## &#173;
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- A Scala 2/Akka Typed based Sudoku Solver
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- Actor based - mimics how one manually solves a Sudoku
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![Sudoku problem decomposition](images/sudoku-decomposition.png "sudoku-decomposition")
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---
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## The Reference Scala 2 Application
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### The Cast (composed of 30 actors)
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![Sudoku solver implementation](images/sudoku-solver-implementation.png "sudoku-solver-implementation")
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---
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## The Reference Scala 2 Application
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## &#173;
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- Let's have a look at the code!

‎slides/04-scala3-compiler-rewrite-capabilities.md

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<!-- .slide: data-background-color="#781010" data-background-image="images/bg-reveal.ps.png" -->
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## &#173;
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## THE SCALA 3 COMPILER CODE REWRITE CAPABILITIES
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---
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## Content
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## &#173;
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* The Scala3 compiler's rewrite capabilities fall into three categories:
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* Rewrite some deprecated language syntax
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* Rewriting to alternative syntax using significant indentation
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* Rewriting to alternative control structures syntax
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* For the last two, rewriting can also be in the opposite direction
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#### &#173;
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* Let's have a detailed look at each of them
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---
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## Rewriting of deprecated syntax - I
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* Deprecations are tightly coupled to a version of the language
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* In general, a language feature will be marked deprecated in some version of the language.
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* A Scala release is versioned with a *MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH* version scheme
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* Source compatibility versus Binary compatibility
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* Source incompatibility may manifest itself at the *MAJOR* and *MINOR* version level
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* For *MINOR* versions, a particular feature may be removed or changed by passing through a deprecation stage
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---
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## Rewriting of deprecated syntax - I
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* The Scala 3 compiler has a number of options that can automatically rewrite some deprecated language features
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* There's a strategy defining how language features will be phased in and out after the Scala 3.0 release
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* Scala 3.0
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* Support of Scala 2.13 syntax which had some deprecations
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* Rewrite of these via the ***-rewrite -source:3.0-migration*** compile options
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* Scala 3.x (x >= 1)
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* Support of Scala 3.0 syntax which introduced new deprecations
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* Rewrite of these via the ***-rewrite -source:future-migration*** compile options
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---
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<!-- .slide: data-background-color="#94aabb" data-background-image="images/bg-reveal.ps.png" -->
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## Rewriting of deprecated code
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## &#173;
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* In this exercise, we will use Scala 3's code rewriting capabilities to automatically rewrite some deprecated code
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* Make sure you're positioned at exercise *"dotty deprecated syntax rewriting"*
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* Follow the exercise instructions provided in the README.md file in the code folder
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---
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## New syntax in Scala 3
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## &#173;
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* Scala 3 introduces a number of syntax changes for Scala 2 language constructs such as
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* Contextual Abstractions (implicits)
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* Extension methods
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* ...
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* Two other notable syntax changes
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* New Control Syntax (opt-in)
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* "Fewer Braces" syntax: indentation is significant
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---
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## New Control Structure syntax in Scala 3
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## &#173;
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![New control structure syntax](images/new-control-structure-syntax.png)
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---
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## Curly braces versus Significant Indentation
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## &#173;
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- Curly braces versus Significant Indentation
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![New control structure syntax](images/curly-braces-versus-significant-indentation.png)
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---
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## New syntax in Scala 3
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## &#173;
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* ***scalac*** can rewrite code (both ways) to New Control Syntax and Optional Braces syntax
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* Move one step at a time by using the following compiler options:
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* ***-rewrite -new-syntax***
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* ***-rewrite -old-syntax***
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* ***-rewrite -indent***
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* ***-rewrite -noindent***
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## &#173;
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* Let's give this a spin!
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---
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<!-- .slide: data-background-color="#94aabb" data-background-image="images/bg-reveal.ps.png" -->
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## New Control Syntax and Optional Braces Syntax
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## &#173;
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* In this exercise, we will use Scala 3's code rewriting capabilities to automatically rewrite between different syntax options
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* Make sure you're positioned at exercise *"dotty new syntax and indentation based syntax"*
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* Follow the exercise instructions provided in the README.md file in the code folder
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