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Experimental Feature: Ignition Bootstrap Config (alpha)

The default configuration engine for bootstrapping workload cluster machines is cloud-init. Ignition is an alternative engine used by Linux distributions such as Flatcar Container Linux and Fedora CoreOS and therefore should be used when choosing an Ignition-based distribution as the underlying OS for workload clusters.

Note

This initial implementation uses Ignition v2 and was tested with Flatcar Container Linux only. Future releases are expected to add Ignition v3 support and cover more Linux distributions.

Note

If using ignition with CAPD you should take care of setting kubeletExtraArgs for the kindest/node image in use, because default CAPD templates do not include anymore those settings since when the cloud-init shim for CAPD is automatically taking care of this. An example of how to set kubeletExtraArgs for the kindest/node can be found under cluster-api/test/e2e/data/infrastructure-docker/main/cluster-template-ignition.

Hopefully, this will be automated for Ignition too in a future release.

This guide explains how to deploy an AWS workload cluster using Ignition.

Prerequisites

  • kubectl installed locally
  • clusterawsadm installed locally - download from the releases page of the AWS provider
  • kind and Docker installed locally (when using kind to create a management cluster)

Configure a management cluster

Follow this section of the quick start guide to deploy a Kubernetes cluster or connect to an existing one.

Follow this section of the quick start guide to install clusterctl.

Initialize the management cluster

Before workload clusters can be deployed, Cluster API components must be deployed to the management cluster.

Initialize the management cluster:

export AWS_REGION=us-east-1
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY

# Workload clusters need to call the AWS API as part of their normal operation.
# The following command creates a CloudFormation stack which provisions the
# necessary IAM resources to be used by workload clusters.
clusterawsadm bootstrap iam create-cloudformation-stack

# The management cluster needs to call the AWS API in order to manage cloud
# resources for workload clusters. The following command tells clusterctl to
# store the AWS credentials provided before in a Kubernetes secret where they
# can be retrieved by the AWS provider running on the management cluster.
export AWS_B64ENCODED_CREDENTIALS=$(clusterawsadm bootstrap credentials encode-as-profile)

# Enable the feature gates controlling Ignition bootstrap.
export EXP_KUBEADM_BOOTSTRAP_FORMAT_IGNITION=true # Used by the kubeadm bootstrap provider
export EXP_BOOTSTRAP_FORMAT_IGNITION=true # Used by the AWS provider

# Initialize the management cluster.
clusterctl init --infrastructure aws

Generate a workload cluster configuration

# Deploy the workload cluster in the following AWS region.
export AWS_REGION=us-east-1

# Authorize the following SSH public key on cluster nodes.
export AWS_SSH_KEY_NAME=my-key

# Ignition bootstrap data needs to be stored in an S3 bucket so that nodes can
# read them at boot time. Store Ignition bootstrap data in the following bucket.
export AWS_S3_BUCKET_NAME=my-bucket

# Set the EC2 machine size for controllers and workers.
export AWS_CONTROL_PLANE_MACHINE_TYPE=t3a.small
export AWS_NODE_MACHINE_TYPE=t3a.small

clusterctl generate cluster ignition-cluster \
    --from https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cluster-api-provider-aws/blob/main/templates/cluster-template-flatcar.yaml \
    --kubernetes-version v1.28.0 \
    --worker-machine-count 2 \
    > ignition-cluster.yaml

NOTE: Only certain Kubernetes versions have pre-built Kubernetes AMIs. See list of published pre-built Kubernetes AMIs.

Apply the workload cluster

kubectl apply -f ignition-cluster.yaml

Wait for the control plane of the workload cluster to become initialized:

kubectl get kubeadmcontrolplane ignition-cluster-control-plane

This could take a while. When the control plane is initialized, the INITIALIZED field should be true:

NAME                             CLUSTER            INITIALIZED   API SERVER AVAILABLE   REPLICAS   READY   UPDATED   UNAVAILABLE   AGE    VERSION
ignition-cluster-control-plane   ignition-cluster   true                                 1                  1         1             7m7s   v1.22.2

Connect to the workload cluster

Generate a kubeconfig for the workload cluster:

clusterctl get kubeconfig ignition-cluster > ./kubeconfig

Set kubectl to use the generated kubeconfig:

export KUBECONFIG=$(pwd)/kubeconfig

Verify connectivity with the workload cluster's API server:

kubectl cluster-info

Sample output:

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://ignition-cluster-apiserver-284992524.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://ignition-cluster-apiserver-284992524.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Deploy a CNI plugin

A CNI plugin must be deployed to the workload cluster for the cluster to become ready. We use Calico here, however other CNI plugins could be used, too.

kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.20/manifests/calico.yaml

Ensure all cluster nodes become ready:

kubectl get nodes

Sample output:

NAME                                            STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
ip-10-0-122-154.us-east-1.compute.internal   Ready    control-plane,master   14m   v1.22.2
ip-10-0-127-59.us-east-1.compute.internal    Ready    <none>                 13m   v1.22.2
ip-10-0-89-169.us-east-1.compute.internal    Ready    <none>                 13m   v1.22.2

Clean up

Delete the workload cluster (from a shell connected to the management cluster):

kubectl delete cluster ignition-cluster

Caveats

Supported infrastructure providers

Cluster API has multiple infrastructure providers which can be used to deploy workload clusters.

The following infrastructure providers already have Ignition support:

Ignition support will be added to more providers in the future.