_misc.py

from contextlib import contextmanager
import warnings

from pandas.util._decorators import deprecate_kwarg

from pandas.plotting._core import _get_plot_backend


def table(ax, data, rowLabels=None, colLabels=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Helper function to convert DataFrame and Series to matplotlib.table

    Parameters
    ----------
    ax : Matplotlib axes object
    data : DataFrame or Series
        Data for table contents.
    **kwargs
        Keyword arguments to be passed to matplotlib.table.table.
        If `rowLabels` or `colLabels` is not specified, data index or column
        name will be used.

    Returns
    -------
    matplotlib table object
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    return plot_backend.table(
        ax=ax, data=data, rowLabels=None, colLabels=None, **kwargs
    )


def register(explicit=True):
    """
    Register Pandas Formatters and Converters with matplotlib

    This function modifies the global ``matplotlib.units.registry``
    dictionary. Pandas adds custom converters for

    * pd.Timestamp
    * pd.Period
    * np.datetime64
    * datetime.datetime
    * datetime.date
    * datetime.time

    See Also
    --------
    deregister_matplotlib_converters
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    plot_backend.register(explicit=explicit)


def deregister():
    """
    Remove pandas' formatters and converters

    Removes the custom converters added by :func:`register`. This
    attempts to set the state of the registry back to the state before
    pandas registered its own units. Converters for pandas' own types like
    Timestamp and Period are removed completely. Converters for types
    pandas overwrites, like ``datetime.datetime``, are restored to their
    original value.

    See Also
    --------
    register_matplotlib_converters
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    plot_backend.deregister()


def scatter_matrix(
    frame,
    alpha=0.5,
    figsize=None,
    ax=None,
    grid=False,
    diagonal="hist",
    marker=".",
    density_kwds=None,
    hist_kwds=None,
    range_padding=0.05,
    **kwargs
):
    """
    Draw a matrix of scatter plots.

    Parameters
    ----------
    frame : DataFrame
    alpha : float, optional
        Amount of transparency applied.
    figsize : (float,float), optional
        A tuple (width, height) in inches.
    ax : Matplotlib axis object, optional
    grid : bool, optional
        Setting this to True will show the grid.
    diagonal : {'hist', 'kde'}
        Pick between 'kde' and 'hist' for either Kernel Density Estimation or
        Histogram plot in the diagonal.
    marker : str, optional
        Matplotlib marker type, default '.'.
    density_kwds : keywords
        Keyword arguments to be passed to kernel density estimate plot.
    hist_kwds : keywords
        Keyword arguments to be passed to hist function.
    range_padding : float, default 0.05
        Relative extension of axis range in x and y with respect to
        (x_max - x_min) or (y_max - y_min).
    **kwargs
        Keyword arguments to be passed to scatter function.

    Returns
    -------
    numpy.ndarray
        A matrix of scatter plots.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 4), columns=['A','B','C','D'])
    >>> scatter_matrix(df, alpha=0.2)
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    return plot_backend.scatter_matrix(
        frame=frame,
        alpha=alpha,
        figsize=figsize,
        ax=ax,
        grid=grid,
        diagonal=diagonal,
        marker=marker,
        density_kwds=density_kwds,
        hist_kwds=hist_kwds,
        range_padding=range_padding,
        **kwargs
    )


def radviz(frame, class_column, ax=None, color=None, colormap=None, **kwds):
    """
    Plot a multidimensional dataset in 2D.

    Each Series in the DataFrame is represented as a evenly distributed
    slice on a circle. Each data point is rendered in the circle according to
    the value on each Series. Highly correlated `Series` in the `DataFrame`
    are placed closer on the unit circle.

    RadViz allow to project a N-dimensional data set into a 2D space where the
    influence of each dimension can be interpreted as a balance between the
    influence of all dimensions.

    More info available at the `original article
    <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.135.889>`_
    describing RadViz.

    Parameters
    ----------
    frame : `DataFrame`
        Pandas object holding the data.
    class_column : str
        Column name containing the name of the data point category.
    ax : :class:`matplotlib.axes.Axes`, optional
        A plot instance to which to add the information.
    color : list[str] or tuple[str], optional
        Assign a color to each category. Example: ['blue', 'green'].
    colormap : str or :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap`, default None
        Colormap to select colors from. If string, load colormap with that
        name from matplotlib.
    kwds : optional
        Options to pass to matplotlib scatter plotting method.

    Returns
    -------
    class:`matplotlib.axes.Axes`

    See Also
    --------
    plotting.andrews_curves : Plot clustering visualization.

    Examples
    --------
    .. plot::
        :context: close-figs

        >>> df = pd.DataFrame({
        ...         'SepalLength': [6.5, 7.7, 5.1, 5.8, 7.6, 5.0, 5.4, 4.6,
        ...                         6.7, 4.6],
        ...         'SepalWidth': [3.0, 3.8, 3.8, 2.7, 3.0, 2.3, 3.0, 3.2,
        ...                        3.3, 3.6],
        ...         'PetalLength': [5.5, 6.7, 1.9, 5.1, 6.6, 3.3, 4.5, 1.4,
        ...                         5.7, 1.0],
        ...         'PetalWidth': [1.8, 2.2, 0.4, 1.9, 2.1, 1.0, 1.5, 0.2,
        ...                        2.1, 0.2],
        ...         'Category': ['virginica', 'virginica', 'setosa',
        ...                      'virginica', 'virginica', 'versicolor',
        ...                      'versicolor', 'setosa', 'virginica',
        ...                      'setosa']
        ...     })
        >>> rad_viz = pd.plotting.radviz(df, 'Category')  # doctest: +SKIP
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    return plot_backend.radviz(
        frame=frame,
        class_column=class_column,
        ax=ax,
        color=color,
        colormap=colormap,
        **kwds
    )


@deprecate_kwarg(old_arg_name="data", new_arg_name="frame")
def andrews_curves(
    frame, class_column, ax=None, samples=200, color=None, colormap=None, **kwargs
):
    """
    Generate a matplotlib plot of Andrews curves, for visualising clusters of
    multivariate data.

    Andrews curves have the functional form:

    f(t) = x_1/sqrt(2) + x_2 sin(t) + x_3 cos(t) +
           x_4 sin(2t) + x_5 cos(2t) + ...

    Where x coefficients correspond to the values of each dimension and t is
    linearly spaced between -pi and +pi. Each row of frame then corresponds to
    a single curve.

    Parameters
    ----------
    frame : DataFrame
        Data to be plotted, preferably normalized to (0.0, 1.0).
    class_column : Name of the column containing class names
    ax : matplotlib axes object, default None
    samples : Number of points to plot in each curve
    color : list or tuple, optional
        Colors to use for the different classes.
    colormap : str or matplotlib colormap object, default None
        Colormap to select colors from. If string, load colormap with that name
        from matplotlib.
    **kwargs
        Options to pass to matplotlib plotting method.

    Returns
    -------
    class:`matplotlip.axis.Axes`
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    return plot_backend.andrews_curves(
        frame=frame,
        class_column=class_column,
        ax=ax,
        samples=samples,
        color=color,
        colormap=colormap,
        **kwargs
    )


def bootstrap_plot(series, fig=None, size=50, samples=500, **kwds):
    """
    Bootstrap plot on mean, median and mid-range statistics.

    The bootstrap plot is used to estimate the uncertainty of a statistic
    by relaying on random sampling with replacement [1]_. This function will
    generate bootstrapping plots for mean, median and mid-range statistics
    for the given number of samples of the given size.

    .. [1] "Bootstrapping (statistics)" in \
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping_%28statistics%29

    Parameters
    ----------
    series : pandas.Series
        Pandas Series from where to get the samplings for the bootstrapping.
    fig : matplotlib.figure.Figure, default None
        If given, it will use the `fig` reference for plotting instead of
        creating a new one with default parameters.
    size : int, default 50
        Number of data points to consider during each sampling. It must be
        greater or equal than the length of the `series`.
    samples : int, default 500
        Number of times the bootstrap procedure is performed.
    **kwds :
        Options to pass to matplotlib plotting method.

    Returns
    -------
    matplotlib.figure.Figure
        Matplotlib figure.

    See Also
    --------
    DataFrame.plot : Basic plotting for DataFrame objects.
    Series.plot : Basic plotting for Series objects.

    Examples
    --------

    .. plot::
            :context: close-figs

            >>> s = pd.Series(np.random.uniform(size=100))
            >>> fig = pd.plotting.bootstrap_plot(s)  # doctest: +SKIP
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    return plot_backend.bootstrap_plot(
        series=series, fig=fig, size=size, samples=samples, **kwds
    )


@deprecate_kwarg(old_arg_name="colors", new_arg_name="color")
@deprecate_kwarg(old_arg_name="data", new_arg_name="frame", stacklevel=3)
def parallel_coordinates(
    frame,
    class_column,
    cols=None,
    ax=None,
    color=None,
    use_columns=False,
    xticks=None,
    colormap=None,
    axvlines=True,
    axvlines_kwds=None,
    sort_labels=False,
    **kwargs
):
    """
    Parallel coordinates plotting.

    Parameters
    ----------
    frame : DataFrame
    class_column : str
        Column name containing class names.
    cols : list, optional
        A list of column names to use.
    ax : matplotlib.axis, optional
        Matplotlib axis object.
    color : list or tuple, optional
        Colors to use for the different classes.
    use_columns : bool, optional
        If true, columns will be used as xticks.
    xticks : list or tuple, optional
        A list of values to use for xticks.
    colormap : str or matplotlib colormap, default None
        Colormap to use for line colors.
    axvlines : bool, optional
        If true, vertical lines will be added at each xtick.
    axvlines_kwds : keywords, optional
        Options to be passed to axvline method for vertical lines.
    sort_labels : bool, default False
        Sort class_column labels, useful when assigning colors.

        .. versionadded:: 0.20.0
    **kwargs
        Options to pass to matplotlib plotting method.

    Returns
    -------
    class:`matplotlib.axis.Axes`

    Examples
    --------
    >>> from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
    >>> df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/master'
                        '/pandas/tests/data/iris.csv')
    >>> pd.plotting.parallel_coordinates(
            df, 'Name',
            color=('#556270', '#4ECDC4', '#C7F464'))
    >>> plt.show()
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    return plot_backend.parallel_coordinates(
        frame=frame,
        class_column=class_column,
        cols=cols,
        ax=ax,
        color=color,
        use_columns=use_columns,
        xticks=xticks,
        colormap=colormap,
        axvlines=axvlines,
        axvlines_kwds=axvlines_kwds,
        sort_labels=sort_labels,
        **kwargs
    )


def lag_plot(series, lag=1, ax=None, **kwds):
    """
    Lag plot for time series.

    Parameters
    ----------
    series : Time series
    lag : lag of the scatter plot, default 1
    ax : Matplotlib axis object, optional
    kwds : Matplotlib scatter method keyword arguments, optional

    Returns
    -------
    class:`matplotlib.axis.Axes`
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    return plot_backend.lag_plot(series=series, lag=lag, ax=ax, **kwds)


def autocorrelation_plot(series, ax=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Autocorrelation plot for time series.

    Parameters
    ----------
    series : Time series
    ax : Matplotlib axis object, optional
    **kwargs
        Options to pass to matplotlib plotting method.

    Returns
    -------
    class:`matplotlib.axis.Axes`
    """
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    return plot_backend.autocorrelation_plot(series=series, ax=ax, **kwargs)


def tsplot(series, plotf, ax=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Plots a Series on the given Matplotlib axes or the current axes

    Parameters
    ----------
    axes : Axes
    series : Series

    Notes
    _____
    Supports same kwargs as Axes.plot


    .. deprecated:: 0.23.0
       Use Series.plot() instead
    """
    warnings.warn(
        "'tsplot' is deprecated and will be removed in a "
        "future version. Please use Series.plot() instead.",
        FutureWarning,
        stacklevel=2,
    )
    plot_backend = _get_plot_backend("matplotlib")
    return plot_backend.tsplot(series=series, plotf=plotf, ax=ax, **kwargs)


class _Options(dict):
    """
    Stores pandas plotting options.
    Allows for parameter aliasing so you can just use parameter names that are
    the same as the plot function parameters, but is stored in a canonical
    format that makes it easy to breakdown into groups later
    """

    # alias so the names are same as plotting method parameter names
    _ALIASES = {"x_compat": "xaxis.compat"}
    _DEFAULT_KEYS = ["xaxis.compat"]

    def __init__(self, deprecated=False):
        self._deprecated = deprecated
        # self['xaxis.compat'] = False
        super().__setitem__("xaxis.compat", False)

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        key = self._get_canonical_key(key)
        if key not in self:
            raise ValueError(
                "{key} is not a valid pandas plotting option".format(key=key)
            )
        return super().__getitem__(key)

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        key = self._get_canonical_key(key)
        return super().__setitem__(key, value)

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        key = self._get_canonical_key(key)
        if key in self._DEFAULT_KEYS:
            raise ValueError("Cannot remove default parameter {key}".format(key=key))
        return super().__delitem__(key)

    def __contains__(self, key):
        key = self._get_canonical_key(key)
        return super().__contains__(key)

    def reset(self):
        """
        Reset the option store to its initial state

        Returns
        -------
        None
        """
        self.__init__()

    def _get_canonical_key(self, key):
        return self._ALIASES.get(key, key)

    @contextmanager
    def use(self, key, value):
        """
        Temporarily set a parameter value using the with statement.
        Aliasing allowed.
        """
        old_value = self[key]
        try:
            self[key] = value
            yield self
        finally:
            self[key] = old_value


plot_params = _Options()