diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index a9546b88..a92996cd 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ matrix:
   include:
   - os: linux
     python: 2.7
-    env: PYTHON=2.7 PANDAS=0.19.2 COVERAGE='false' LINT='true'
+    env: PYTHON=2.7 PANDAS=0.19.2 COVERAGE='false' LINT='false'
   - os: linux
     python: 3.5
     env: PYTHON=3.5 PANDAS=0.18.1 COVERAGE='true' LINT='false'
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ install:
   - pip install --upgrade pip
   - REQ="ci/requirements-${PYTHON}-${PANDAS}" ;
     if [ -f "$REQ.pip" ]; then
-      pip install --upgrade nox-automation ;
+      pip install --upgrade nox ;
     else
       wget https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh;
       bash miniconda.sh -b -p $HOME/miniconda ;
@@ -49,9 +49,13 @@ install:
     fi
 
 script:
-  - if [[ $PYTHON == '2.7' ]]; then nox -s test27 ; fi
-  - if [[ $PYTHON == '3.5' ]]; then nox -s test35 ; fi
-  - if [[ $PYTHON == '3.6' ]] && [[ "$PANDAS" == "MASTER" ]]; then nox -s test36master ; fi
+  - if [[ $PYTHON == '2.7' ]]; then
+      pip install -r ci/requirements-2.7-0.19.2.pip ;
+      pip install -e . ;
+      pytest tests/unit ;
+    fi
+  - if [[ $PYTHON == '3.5' ]]; then nox -s test_earliest_deps ; fi
+  - if [[ $PYTHON == '3.6' ]] && [[ "$PANDAS" == "MASTER" ]]; then nox -s test_latest_deps ; fi
   - REQ="ci/requirements-${PYTHON}-${PANDAS}" ;
     if [ -f "$REQ.conda" ]; then
       pytest --quiet -m 'not local_auth' -v tests ;
diff --git a/ci/requirements-3.5-0.18.1.pip b/ci/requirements-3.5-0.18.1.pip
index dc651977..116268c7 100644
--- a/ci/requirements-3.5-0.18.1.pip
+++ b/ci/requirements-3.5-0.18.1.pip
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 google-auth==1.4.1
 google-auth-oauthlib==0.0.1
 google-cloud-bigquery==0.32.0
+pandas==0.18.1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index 3ad2767f..40c39114 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -30,48 +30,49 @@
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
-extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-              'sphinx.ext.autosummary',
-              'sphinx.ext.doctest',
-              'sphinx.ext.extlinks',
-              'sphinx.ext.todo',
-              'numpydoc', # used to parse numpy-style docstrings for autodoc
-              'IPython.sphinxext.ipython_console_highlighting',
-              'IPython.sphinxext.ipython_directive',
-              'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
-              'sphinx.ext.coverage',
-              'sphinx.ext.ifconfig',
-              ]
+extensions = [
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.autosummary",
+    "sphinx.ext.doctest",
+    "sphinx.ext.extlinks",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "numpydoc",  # used to parse numpy-style docstrings for autodoc
+    "IPython.sphinxext.ipython_console_highlighting",
+    "IPython.sphinxext.ipython_directive",
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
+    "sphinx.ext.ifconfig",
+]
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
 # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
 # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
 #
 # source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
-source_suffix = '.rst'
+source_suffix = ".rst"
 
 # The encoding of source files.
 #
 # source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
+master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u'pandas-gbq'
-copyright = u'2017, PyData Development Team'
-author = u'PyData Development Team'
+project = u"pandas-gbq"
+copyright = u"2017, PyData Development Team"
+author = u"PyData Development Team"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
-version = u'0.1.0'
+version = u"0.1.0"
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = u'0.1.0'
+release = u"0.1.0"
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
 # This patterns also effect to html_static_path and html_extra_path
-exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
+exclude_patterns = ["_build", "Thumbs.db", ".DS_Store"]
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@
 # show_authors = False
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = 'sphinx'
+pygments_style = "sphinx"
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
 # modindex_common_prefix = []
@@ -130,11 +131,12 @@
 
 # Taken from docs.readthedocs.io:
 # on_rtd is whether we are on readthedocs.io
-on_rtd = os.environ.get('READTHEDOCS', None) == 'True'
+on_rtd = os.environ.get("READTHEDOCS", None) == "True"
 
 if not on_rtd:  # only import and set the theme if we're building docs locally
     import sphinx_rtd_theme
-    html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
+
+    html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
     html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
 
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
 
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
@@ -254,34 +256,36 @@
 # html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'pandas-gbqdoc'
+htmlhelp_basename = "pandas-gbqdoc"
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
 
 latex_elements = {
-     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-     #
-     # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
-     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-     #
-     # 'pointsize': '10pt',
-
-     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-     #
-     # 'preamble': '',
-
-     # Latex figure (float) alignment
-     #
-     # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
+    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+    #
+    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+    #
+    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+    #
+    # 'preamble': '',
+    # Latex figure (float) alignment
+    #
+    # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
 }
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'pandas-gbq.tex', u'pandas-gbq Documentation',
-     u'PyData Development Team', 'manual'),
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "pandas-gbq.tex",
+        u"pandas-gbq Documentation",
+        u"PyData Development Team",
+        "manual",
+    )
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -322,8 +326,7 @@
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, 'pandas-gbq', u'pandas-gbq Documentation',
-     [author], 1)
+    (master_doc, "pandas-gbq", u"pandas-gbq Documentation", [author], 1)
 ]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
@@ -337,9 +340,15 @@
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'pandas-gbq', u'pandas-gbq Documentation',
-     author, 'pandas-gbq', 'One line description of project.',
-     'Miscellaneous'),
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "pandas-gbq",
+        u"pandas-gbq Documentation",
+        author,
+        "pandas-gbq",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    )
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
@@ -361,11 +370,12 @@
 
 # Configuration for intersphinx:
 intersphinx_mapping = {
-    'https://docs.python.org/': None,
-    'https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/': None,
-    'https://google-auth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/': None,
+    "https://docs.python.org/": None,
+    "https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/": None,
+    "https://google-auth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/": None,
 }
 
-extlinks = {'issue': ('https://github.com/pydata/pandas-gbq/issues/%s',
-                      'GH#'),
-            'pr': ('https://github.com/pydata/pandas-gbq/pull/%s', 'GH#')}
+extlinks = {
+    "issue": ("https://github.com/pydata/pandas-gbq/issues/%s", "GH#"),
+    "pr": ("https://github.com/pydata/pandas-gbq/pull/%s", "GH#"),
+}
diff --git a/nox.py b/noxfile.py
similarity index 69%
rename from nox.py
rename to noxfile.py
index 9731e438..7a76559e 100644
--- a/nox.py
+++ b/noxfile.py
@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@
 )
 
 
+latest_python = "3.6"
+
+
 @nox.session
-def default(session):
+def test(session):
     session.install("mock", "pytest", "pytest-cov")
     session.install("-e", ".")
 
@@ -53,54 +56,38 @@ def unit(session):
 
 
 @nox.session
-def test27(session):
-    session.interpreter = "python2.7"
-    session.install(
-        "-r", os.path.join(".", "ci", "requirements-2.7-0.19.2.pip")
-    )
-    default(session)
-
-
-@nox.session
-def test35(session):
-    session.interpreter = "python3.5"
+def test_earliest_deps(session, python="3.5"):
     session.install(
         "-r", os.path.join(".", "ci", "requirements-3.5-0.18.1.pip")
     )
-    default(session)
+    test(session)
 
 
 @nox.session
-def test36(session):
-    session.interpreter = "python3.6"
-    session.install(
-        "-r", os.path.join(".", "ci", "requirements-3.6-0.20.1.conda")
-    )
-    default(session)
-
-
-@nox.session
-def test36master(session):
-    session.interpreter = "python3.6"
+def test_latest_deps(session, python=latest_python):
     session.install(
         "--pre", "--upgrade", "--timeout=60", "-f", PANDAS_PRE_WHEELS, "pandas"
     )
     session.install(
         "-r", os.path.join(".", "ci", "requirements-3.6-MASTER.pip")
     )
-    default(session)
+    test(session)
 
 
 @nox.session
-def lint(session):
-    session.install("flake8")
-    session.run("flake8", "pandas_gbq", "tests", "-v")
+def lint(session, python=latest_python):
+    session.install("black")
+    session.run(
+        "black",
+        "--check",
+        "--exclude",
+        "(\.git|\.hg|\.mypy_cache|\.tox|\.nox|\.venv|_build|buck-out|build|dist)",
+        ".",
+    )
 
 
 @nox.session
-def cover(session):
-    session.interpreter = "python3.5"
-
+def cover(session, python=latest_python):
     session.install("coverage", "pytest-cov")
     session.run("coverage", "report", "--show-missing", "--fail-under=40")
     session.run("coverage", "erase")
diff --git a/pandas_gbq/_version.py b/pandas_gbq/_version.py
index e4e698ea..0183df38 100644
--- a/pandas_gbq/_version.py
+++ b/pandas_gbq/_version.py
@@ -58,17 +58,20 @@ class NotThisMethod(Exception):
 
 def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
     """Decorator to mark a method as the handler for a particular VCS."""
+
     def decorate(f):
         """Store f in HANDLERS[vcs][method]."""
         if vcs not in HANDLERS:
             HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
         HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
         return f
+
     return decorate
 
 
-def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False,
-                env=None):
+def run_command(
+    commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False, env=None
+):
     """Call the given command(s)."""
     assert isinstance(commands, list)
     p = None
@@ -76,10 +79,13 @@ def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False,
         try:
             dispcmd = str([c] + args)
             # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
-            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, env=env,
-                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                 stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
-                                         else None))
+            p = subprocess.Popen(
+                [c] + args,
+                cwd=cwd,
+                env=env,
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr else None),
+            )
             break
         except EnvironmentError:
             e = sys.exc_info()[1]
@@ -116,16 +122,22 @@ def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
     for i in range(3):
         dirname = os.path.basename(root)
         if dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
-            return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
-                    "full-revisionid": None,
-                    "dirty": False, "error": None, "date": None}
+            return {
+                "version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix) :],
+                "full-revisionid": None,
+                "dirty": False,
+                "error": None,
+                "date": None,
+            }
         else:
             rootdirs.append(root)
             root = os.path.dirname(root)  # up a level
 
     if verbose:
-        print("Tried directories %s but none started with prefix %s" %
-              (str(rootdirs), parentdir_prefix))
+        print(
+            "Tried directories %s but none started with prefix %s"
+            % (str(rootdirs), parentdir_prefix)
+        )
     raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
 
 
@@ -181,7 +193,7 @@ def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
     # starting in git-1.8.3, tags are listed as "tag: foo-1.0" instead of
     # just "foo-1.0". If we see a "tag: " prefix, prefer those.
     TAG = "tag: "
-    tags = set([r[len(TAG):] for r in refs if r.startswith(TAG)])
+    tags = set([r[len(TAG) :] for r in refs if r.startswith(TAG)])
     if not tags:
         # Either we're using git < 1.8.3, or there really are no tags. We use
         # a heuristic: assume all version tags have a digit. The old git %d
@@ -190,7 +202,7 @@ def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
         # between branches and tags. By ignoring refnames without digits, we
         # filter out many common branch names like "release" and
         # "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "master".
-        tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r'\d', r)])
+        tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r"\d", r)])
         if verbose:
             print("discarding '%s', no digits" % ",".join(refs - tags))
     if verbose:
@@ -198,19 +210,26 @@ def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
     for ref in sorted(tags):
         # sorting will prefer e.g. "2.0" over "2.0rc1"
         if ref.startswith(tag_prefix):
-            r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
+            r = ref[len(tag_prefix) :]
             if verbose:
                 print("picking %s" % r)
-            return {"version": r,
-                    "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
-                    "dirty": False, "error": None,
-                    "date": date}
+            return {
+                "version": r,
+                "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+                "dirty": False,
+                "error": None,
+                "date": date,
+            }
     # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
     if verbose:
         print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
-    return {"version": "0+unknown",
-            "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
-            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags", "date": None}
+    return {
+        "version": "0+unknown",
+        "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+        "dirty": False,
+        "error": "no suitable tags",
+        "date": None,
+    }
 
 
 @register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
@@ -225,8 +244,9 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
 
-    out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], cwd=root,
-                          hide_stderr=True)
+    out, rc = run_command(
+        GITS, ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], cwd=root, hide_stderr=True
+    )
     if rc != 0:
         if verbose:
             print("Directory %s not under git control" % root)
@@ -234,10 +254,19 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
 
     # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
     # if there isn't one, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
-    describe_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
-                                          "--always", "--long",
-                                          "--match", "%s*" % tag_prefix],
-                                   cwd=root)
+    describe_out, rc = run_command(
+        GITS,
+        [
+            "describe",
+            "--tags",
+            "--dirty",
+            "--always",
+            "--long",
+            "--match",
+            "%s*" % tag_prefix,
+        ],
+        cwd=root,
+    )
     # --long was added in git-1.5.5
     if describe_out is None:
         raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
@@ -260,17 +289,18 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
     dirty = git_describe.endswith("-dirty")
     pieces["dirty"] = dirty
     if dirty:
-        git_describe = git_describe[:git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
+        git_describe = git_describe[: git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
 
     # now we have TAG-NUM-gHEX or HEX
 
     if "-" in git_describe:
         # TAG-NUM-gHEX
-        mo = re.search(r'^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$', git_describe)
+        mo = re.search(r"^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$", git_describe)
         if not mo:
             # unparseable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
-            pieces["error"] = ("unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'"
-                               % describe_out)
+            pieces["error"] = (
+                "unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'" % describe_out
+            )
             return pieces
 
         # tag
@@ -279,10 +309,12 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
             if verbose:
                 fmt = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
                 print(fmt % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
-            pieces["error"] = ("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
-                               % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            pieces["error"] = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'" % (
+                full_tag,
+                tag_prefix,
+            )
             return pieces
-        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix) :]
 
         # distance: number of commits since tag
         pieces["distance"] = int(mo.group(2))
@@ -293,13 +325,15 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
     else:
         # HEX: no tags
         pieces["closest-tag"] = None
-        count_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
-                                    cwd=root)
+        count_out, rc = run_command(
+            GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"], cwd=root
+        )
         pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
 
     # commit date: see ISO-8601 comment in git_versions_from_keywords()
-    date = run_command(GITS, ["show", "-s", "--format=%ci", "HEAD"],
-                       cwd=root)[0].strip()
+    date = run_command(GITS, ["show", "-s", "--format=%ci", "HEAD"], cwd=root)[
+        0
+    ].strip()
     pieces["date"] = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
 
     return pieces
@@ -330,8 +364,7 @@ def render_pep440(pieces):
                 rendered += ".dirty"
     else:
         # exception #1
-        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"],
-                                          pieces["short"])
+        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
         if pieces["dirty"]:
             rendered += ".dirty"
     return rendered
@@ -445,11 +478,13 @@ def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
 def render(pieces, style):
     """Render the given version pieces into the requested style."""
     if pieces["error"]:
-        return {"version": "unknown",
-                "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
-                "dirty": None,
-                "error": pieces["error"],
-                "date": None}
+        return {
+            "version": "unknown",
+            "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
+            "dirty": None,
+            "error": pieces["error"],
+            "date": None,
+        }
 
     if not style or style == "default":
         style = "pep440"  # the default
@@ -469,9 +504,13 @@ def render(pieces, style):
     else:
         raise ValueError("unknown style '%s'" % style)
 
-    return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
-            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None,
-            "date": pieces.get("date")}
+    return {
+        "version": rendered,
+        "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
+        "dirty": pieces["dirty"],
+        "error": None,
+        "date": pieces.get("date"),
+    }
 
 
 def get_versions():
@@ -485,8 +524,9 @@ def get_versions():
     verbose = cfg.verbose
 
     try:
-        return git_versions_from_keywords(get_keywords(), cfg.tag_prefix,
-                                          verbose)
+        return git_versions_from_keywords(
+            get_keywords(), cfg.tag_prefix, verbose
+        )
     except NotThisMethod:
         pass
 
@@ -495,13 +535,16 @@ def get_versions():
         # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source
         # tree (where the .git directory might live) to this file. Invert
         # this to find the root from __file__.
-        for i in cfg.versionfile_source.split('/'):
+        for i in cfg.versionfile_source.split("/"):
             root = os.path.dirname(root)
     except NameError:
-        return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
-                "dirty": None,
-                "error": "unable to find root of source tree",
-                "date": None}
+        return {
+            "version": "0+unknown",
+            "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": None,
+            "error": "unable to find root of source tree",
+            "date": None,
+        }
 
     try:
         pieces = git_pieces_from_vcs(cfg.tag_prefix, root, verbose)
@@ -515,6 +558,10 @@ def get_versions():
     except NotThisMethod:
         pass
 
-    return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
-            "dirty": None,
-            "error": "unable to compute version", "date": None}
+    return {
+        "version": "0+unknown",
+        "full-revisionid": None,
+        "dirty": None,
+        "error": "unable to compute version",
+        "date": None,
+    }
diff --git a/versioneer.py b/versioneer.py
index dffd66b6..0c6daedf 100644
--- a/versioneer.py
+++ b/versioneer.py
@@ -310,11 +310,13 @@ def get_root():
         setup_py = os.path.join(root, "setup.py")
         versioneer_py = os.path.join(root, "versioneer.py")
     if not (os.path.exists(setup_py) or os.path.exists(versioneer_py)):
-        err = ("Versioneer was unable to run the project root directory. "
-               "Versioneer requires setup.py to be executed from "
-               "its immediate directory (like 'python setup.py COMMAND'), "
-               "or in a way that lets it use sys.argv[0] to find the root "
-               "(like 'python path/to/setup.py COMMAND').")
+        err = (
+            "Versioneer was unable to run the project root directory. "
+            "Versioneer requires setup.py to be executed from "
+            "its immediate directory (like 'python setup.py COMMAND'), "
+            "or in a way that lets it use sys.argv[0] to find the root "
+            "(like 'python path/to/setup.py COMMAND')."
+        )
         raise VersioneerBadRootError(err)
     try:
         # Certain runtime workflows (setup.py install/develop in a setuptools
@@ -327,8 +329,10 @@ def get_root():
         me_dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.splitext(me)[0])
         vsr_dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.splitext(versioneer_py)[0])
         if me_dir != vsr_dir:
-            print("Warning: build in %s is using versioneer.py from %s"
-                  % (os.path.dirname(me), versioneer_py))
+            print(
+                "Warning: build in %s is using versioneer.py from %s"
+                % (os.path.dirname(me), versioneer_py)
+            )
     except NameError:
         pass
     return root
@@ -350,6 +354,7 @@ def get(parser, name):
         if parser.has_option("versioneer", name):
             return parser.get("versioneer", name)
         return None
+
     cfg = VersioneerConfig()
     cfg.VCS = VCS
     cfg.style = get(parser, "style") or ""
@@ -374,17 +379,20 @@ class NotThisMethod(Exception):
 
 def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
     """Decorator to mark a method as the handler for a particular VCS."""
+
     def decorate(f):
         """Store f in HANDLERS[vcs][method]."""
         if vcs not in HANDLERS:
             HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
         HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
         return f
+
     return decorate
 
 
-def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False,
-                env=None):
+def run_command(
+    commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False, env=None
+):
     """Call the given command(s)."""
     assert isinstance(commands, list)
     p = None
@@ -392,10 +400,13 @@ def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False,
         try:
             dispcmd = str([c] + args)
             # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
-            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, env=env,
-                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                 stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
-                                         else None))
+            p = subprocess.Popen(
+                [c] + args,
+                cwd=cwd,
+                env=env,
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr else None),
+            )
             break
         except EnvironmentError:
             e = sys.exc_info()[1]
@@ -420,7 +431,9 @@ def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False,
     return stdout, p.returncode
 
 
-LONG_VERSION_PY['git'] = '''
+LONG_VERSION_PY[
+    "git"
+] = '''
 # This file helps to compute a version number in source trees obtained from
 # git-archive tarball (such as those provided by githubs download-from-tag
 # feature). Distribution tarballs (built by setup.py sdist) and build
@@ -995,7 +1008,7 @@ def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
     # starting in git-1.8.3, tags are listed as "tag: foo-1.0" instead of
     # just "foo-1.0". If we see a "tag: " prefix, prefer those.
     TAG = "tag: "
-    tags = set([r[len(TAG):] for r in refs if r.startswith(TAG)])
+    tags = set([r[len(TAG) :] for r in refs if r.startswith(TAG)])
     if not tags:
         # Either we're using git < 1.8.3, or there really are no tags. We use
         # a heuristic: assume all version tags have a digit. The old git %d
@@ -1004,7 +1017,7 @@ def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
         # between branches and tags. By ignoring refnames without digits, we
         # filter out many common branch names like "release" and
         # "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "master".
-        tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r'\d', r)])
+        tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r"\d", r)])
         if verbose:
             print("discarding '%s', no digits" % ",".join(refs - tags))
     if verbose:
@@ -1012,19 +1025,26 @@ def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
     for ref in sorted(tags):
         # sorting will prefer e.g. "2.0" over "2.0rc1"
         if ref.startswith(tag_prefix):
-            r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
+            r = ref[len(tag_prefix) :]
             if verbose:
                 print("picking %s" % r)
-            return {"version": r,
-                    "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
-                    "dirty": False, "error": None,
-                    "date": date}
+            return {
+                "version": r,
+                "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+                "dirty": False,
+                "error": None,
+                "date": date,
+            }
     # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
     if verbose:
         print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
-    return {"version": "0+unknown",
-            "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
-            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags", "date": None}
+    return {
+        "version": "0+unknown",
+        "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+        "dirty": False,
+        "error": "no suitable tags",
+        "date": None,
+    }
 
 
 @register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
@@ -1039,8 +1059,9 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
 
-    out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], cwd=root,
-                          hide_stderr=True)
+    out, rc = run_command(
+        GITS, ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], cwd=root, hide_stderr=True
+    )
     if rc != 0:
         if verbose:
             print("Directory %s not under git control" % root)
@@ -1048,10 +1069,19 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
 
     # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
     # if there isn't one, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
-    describe_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
-                                          "--always", "--long",
-                                          "--match", "%s*" % tag_prefix],
-                                   cwd=root)
+    describe_out, rc = run_command(
+        GITS,
+        [
+            "describe",
+            "--tags",
+            "--dirty",
+            "--always",
+            "--long",
+            "--match",
+            "%s*" % tag_prefix,
+        ],
+        cwd=root,
+    )
     # --long was added in git-1.5.5
     if describe_out is None:
         raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
@@ -1074,17 +1104,18 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
     dirty = git_describe.endswith("-dirty")
     pieces["dirty"] = dirty
     if dirty:
-        git_describe = git_describe[:git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
+        git_describe = git_describe[: git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
 
     # now we have TAG-NUM-gHEX or HEX
 
     if "-" in git_describe:
         # TAG-NUM-gHEX
-        mo = re.search(r'^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$', git_describe)
+        mo = re.search(r"^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$", git_describe)
         if not mo:
             # unparseable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
-            pieces["error"] = ("unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'"
-                               % describe_out)
+            pieces["error"] = (
+                "unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'" % describe_out
+            )
             return pieces
 
         # tag
@@ -1093,10 +1124,12 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
             if verbose:
                 fmt = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
                 print(fmt % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
-            pieces["error"] = ("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
-                               % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            pieces["error"] = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'" % (
+                full_tag,
+                tag_prefix,
+            )
             return pieces
-        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix) :]
 
         # distance: number of commits since tag
         pieces["distance"] = int(mo.group(2))
@@ -1107,13 +1140,15 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
     else:
         # HEX: no tags
         pieces["closest-tag"] = None
-        count_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
-                                    cwd=root)
+        count_out, rc = run_command(
+            GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"], cwd=root
+        )
         pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
 
     # commit date: see ISO-8601 comment in git_versions_from_keywords()
-    date = run_command(GITS, ["show", "-s", "--format=%ci", "HEAD"],
-                       cwd=root)[0].strip()
+    date = run_command(GITS, ["show", "-s", "--format=%ci", "HEAD"], cwd=root)[
+        0
+    ].strip()
     pieces["date"] = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
 
     return pieces
@@ -1169,16 +1204,22 @@ def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
     for i in range(3):
         dirname = os.path.basename(root)
         if dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
-            return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
-                    "full-revisionid": None,
-                    "dirty": False, "error": None, "date": None}
+            return {
+                "version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix) :],
+                "full-revisionid": None,
+                "dirty": False,
+                "error": None,
+                "date": None,
+            }
         else:
             rootdirs.append(root)
             root = os.path.dirname(root)  # up a level
 
     if verbose:
-        print("Tried directories %s but none started with prefix %s" %
-              (str(rootdirs), parentdir_prefix))
+        print(
+            "Tried directories %s but none started with prefix %s"
+            % (str(rootdirs), parentdir_prefix)
+        )
     raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
 
 
@@ -1207,11 +1248,17 @@ def versions_from_file(filename):
             contents = f.read()
     except EnvironmentError:
         raise NotThisMethod("unable to read _version.py")
-    mo = re.search(r"version_json = '''\n(.*)'''  # END VERSION_JSON",
-                   contents, re.M | re.S)
+    mo = re.search(
+        r"version_json = '''\n(.*)'''  # END VERSION_JSON",
+        contents,
+        re.M | re.S,
+    )
     if not mo:
-        mo = re.search(r"version_json = '''\r\n(.*)'''  # END VERSION_JSON",
-                       contents, re.M | re.S)
+        mo = re.search(
+            r"version_json = '''\r\n(.*)'''  # END VERSION_JSON",
+            contents,
+            re.M | re.S,
+        )
     if not mo:
         raise NotThisMethod("no version_json in _version.py")
     return json.loads(mo.group(1))
@@ -1220,8 +1267,9 @@ def versions_from_file(filename):
 def write_to_version_file(filename, versions):
     """Write the given version number to the given _version.py file."""
     os.unlink(filename)
-    contents = json.dumps(versions, sort_keys=True,
-                          indent=1, separators=(",", ": "))
+    contents = json.dumps(
+        versions, sort_keys=True, indent=1, separators=(",", ": ")
+    )
     with open(filename, "w") as f:
         f.write(SHORT_VERSION_PY % contents)
 
@@ -1253,8 +1301,7 @@ def render_pep440(pieces):
                 rendered += ".dirty"
     else:
         # exception #1
-        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"],
-                                          pieces["short"])
+        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
         if pieces["dirty"]:
             rendered += ".dirty"
     return rendered
@@ -1368,11 +1415,13 @@ def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
 def render(pieces, style):
     """Render the given version pieces into the requested style."""
     if pieces["error"]:
-        return {"version": "unknown",
-                "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
-                "dirty": None,
-                "error": pieces["error"],
-                "date": None}
+        return {
+            "version": "unknown",
+            "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
+            "dirty": None,
+            "error": pieces["error"],
+            "date": None,
+        }
 
     if not style or style == "default":
         style = "pep440"  # the default
@@ -1392,9 +1441,13 @@ def render(pieces, style):
     else:
         raise ValueError("unknown style '%s'" % style)
 
-    return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
-            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None,
-            "date": pieces.get("date")}
+    return {
+        "version": rendered,
+        "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
+        "dirty": pieces["dirty"],
+        "error": None,
+        "date": pieces.get("date"),
+    }
 
 
 class VersioneerBadRootError(Exception):
@@ -1417,8 +1470,9 @@ def get_versions(verbose=False):
     handlers = HANDLERS.get(cfg.VCS)
     assert handlers, "unrecognized VCS '%s'" % cfg.VCS
     verbose = verbose or cfg.verbose
-    assert cfg.versionfile_source is not None, \
-        "please set versioneer.versionfile_source"
+    assert (
+        cfg.versionfile_source is not None
+    ), "please set versioneer.versionfile_source"
     assert cfg.tag_prefix is not None, "please set versioneer.tag_prefix"
 
     versionfile_abs = os.path.join(root, cfg.versionfile_source)
@@ -1472,9 +1526,13 @@ def get_versions(verbose=False):
     if verbose:
         print("unable to compute version")
 
-    return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
-            "dirty": None, "error": "unable to compute version",
-            "date": None}
+    return {
+        "version": "0+unknown",
+        "full-revisionid": None,
+        "dirty": None,
+        "error": "unable to compute version",
+        "date": None,
+    }
 
 
 def get_version():
@@ -1523,6 +1581,7 @@ def run(self):
             print(" date: %s" % vers.get("date"))
             if vers["error"]:
                 print(" error: %s" % vers["error"])
+
     cmds["version"] = cmd_version
 
     # we override "build_py" in both distutils and setuptools
@@ -1555,14 +1614,17 @@ def run(self):
             # now locate _version.py in the new build/ directory and replace
             # it with an updated value
             if cfg.versionfile_build:
-                target_versionfile = os.path.join(self.build_lib,
-                                                  cfg.versionfile_build)
+                target_versionfile = os.path.join(
+                    self.build_lib, cfg.versionfile_build
+                )
                 print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
                 write_to_version_file(target_versionfile, versions)
+
     cmds["build_py"] = cmd_build_py
 
     if "cx_Freeze" in sys.modules:  # cx_freeze enabled?
         from cx_Freeze.dist import build_exe as _build_exe
+
         # nczeczulin reports that py2exe won't like the pep440-style string
         # as FILEVERSION, but it can be used for PRODUCTVERSION, e.g.
         # setup(console=[{
@@ -1583,17 +1645,21 @@ def run(self):
                 os.unlink(target_versionfile)
                 with open(cfg.versionfile_source, "w") as f:
                     LONG = LONG_VERSION_PY[cfg.VCS]
-                    f.write(LONG %
-                            {"DOLLAR": "$",
-                             "STYLE": cfg.style,
-                             "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
-                             "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
-                             "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
-                             })
+                    f.write(
+                        LONG
+                        % {
+                            "DOLLAR": "$",
+                            "STYLE": cfg.style,
+                            "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
+                            "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
+                            "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
+                        }
+                    )
+
         cmds["build_exe"] = cmd_build_exe
         del cmds["build_py"]
 
-    if 'py2exe' in sys.modules:  # py2exe enabled?
+    if "py2exe" in sys.modules:  # py2exe enabled?
         try:
             from py2exe.distutils_buildexe import py2exe as _py2exe  # py3
         except ImportError:
@@ -1612,13 +1678,17 @@ def run(self):
                 os.unlink(target_versionfile)
                 with open(cfg.versionfile_source, "w") as f:
                     LONG = LONG_VERSION_PY[cfg.VCS]
-                    f.write(LONG %
-                            {"DOLLAR": "$",
-                             "STYLE": cfg.style,
-                             "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
-                             "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
-                             "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
-                             })
+                    f.write(
+                        LONG
+                        % {
+                            "DOLLAR": "$",
+                            "STYLE": cfg.style,
+                            "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
+                            "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
+                            "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
+                        }
+                    )
+
         cmds["py2exe"] = cmd_py2exe
 
     # we override different "sdist" commands for both environments
@@ -1645,8 +1715,10 @@ def make_release_tree(self, base_dir, files):
             # updated value
             target_versionfile = os.path.join(base_dir, cfg.versionfile_source)
             print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
-            write_to_version_file(target_versionfile,
-                                  self._versioneer_generated_versions)
+            write_to_version_file(
+                target_versionfile, self._versioneer_generated_versions
+            )
+
     cmds["sdist"] = cmd_sdist
 
     return cmds
@@ -1701,11 +1773,15 @@ def do_setup():
     root = get_root()
     try:
         cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
-    except (EnvironmentError, configparser.NoSectionError,
-            configparser.NoOptionError) as e:
+    except (
+        EnvironmentError,
+        configparser.NoSectionError,
+        configparser.NoOptionError,
+    ) as e:
         if isinstance(e, (EnvironmentError, configparser.NoSectionError)):
-            print("Adding sample versioneer config to setup.cfg",
-                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print(
+                "Adding sample versioneer config to setup.cfg", file=sys.stderr
+            )
             with open(os.path.join(root, "setup.cfg"), "a") as f:
                 f.write(SAMPLE_CONFIG)
         print(CONFIG_ERROR, file=sys.stderr)
@@ -1714,15 +1790,18 @@ def do_setup():
     print(" creating %s" % cfg.versionfile_source)
     with open(cfg.versionfile_source, "w") as f:
         LONG = LONG_VERSION_PY[cfg.VCS]
-        f.write(LONG % {"DOLLAR": "$",
-                        "STYLE": cfg.style,
-                        "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
-                        "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
-                        "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
-                        })
-
-    ipy = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(cfg.versionfile_source),
-                       "__init__.py")
+        f.write(
+            LONG
+            % {
+                "DOLLAR": "$",
+                "STYLE": cfg.style,
+                "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
+                "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
+                "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
+            }
+        )
+
+    ipy = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(cfg.versionfile_source), "__init__.py")
     if os.path.exists(ipy):
         try:
             with open(ipy, "r") as f:
@@ -1764,8 +1843,10 @@ def do_setup():
     else:
         print(" 'versioneer.py' already in MANIFEST.in")
     if cfg.versionfile_source not in simple_includes:
-        print(" appending versionfile_source ('%s') to MANIFEST.in" %
-              cfg.versionfile_source)
+        print(
+            " appending versionfile_source ('%s') to MANIFEST.in"
+            % cfg.versionfile_source
+        )
         with open(manifest_in, "a") as f:
             f.write("include %s\n" % cfg.versionfile_source)
     else: