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Usually these modules have no bootstapping resistors on board, insufficient decoupling capacitors, no voltage regulator, no reset circuit, and no USB-serial adapter. This makes using them somewhat tricky, compared to development boards which add these features.
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In order to use these modules, make sure to observe the following:
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-**Provide sufficient power to the module.** For stable use of the ESP8266 a power supply with 3.3V and >= 250mA is required. Using the power available from USB to Serial adapter is not recommended, these adapters typically do not supply enough current to run ESP8266 reliably in every situation. An external supply or regulator along with filtering capacitors is preferred.
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-**Connect bootstapping resistors** to GPIO0, GPIO2, GPIO15 according to the schematics below.
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-**Put ESP8266 into bootloader mode** before uploading code.
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### Serial Adapter
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There are many different USB to Serial adapters / boards.
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* Note
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- for full upload management you need RTS and DTR
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- the chip need to have 3.3V TTL (5V may damage the chip)
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- not all board have all pins of the ICs as breakout (check before order)
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- CTS and DSR are not useful for upload (they are Inputs)
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* Working ICs
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- FT232RL
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- CP2102
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- CH340G
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- maybe others (drop a comment)
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### Minimal Hardware Setup for Bootloading and Usage
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ESPxx Hardware
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| PIN | Resistor | Serial Adapter |
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| ------------- | -------- | -------------- |
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| VCC || VCC (3.3V) |
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| GND || GND |
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| TX or GPIO2*|| RX |
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| RX || TX |
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| GPIO0 | PullUp | DTR |
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| Reset*| PullUp | RTS |
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| GPIO15*| PullDown ||
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| CH_PD | PullUp ||
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* Note
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- GPIO15 is also named MTDO
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- Reset is also named RSBT or REST (adding PullUp improves the stability of the Module)
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- GPIO2 is alternative TX for the boot loader mode
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-**Directly connecting a pin to VCC or GND is not a substitute for a PullUp or PullDown resistor, doing this can break upload management and the serial console, instability has also been noted in some cases.**
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### ESP to Serial
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#### Minimal Hardware Setup for Bootloading only ##
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ESPxx Hardware
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| PIN | Resistor | Serial Adapter |
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| ------------- | -------- | --------------- |
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| VCC || VCC (3.3V) |
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| GND || GND |
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| TX or GPIO2 || RX |
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| RX || TX |
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| GPIO0 || GND |
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| Reset || RTS*|
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| GPIO15 | PullDown ||
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| CH_PD | PullUp ||
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* Note
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- if no RTS is used a manual power toggle is needed
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