diff --git a/lib/rules/prefer-message-ids.js b/lib/rules/prefer-message-ids.js
index 9fca98a5..789173ff 100644
--- a/lib/rules/prefer-message-ids.js
+++ b/lib/rules/prefer-message-ids.js
@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ module.exports = {
     fixable: null,
     schema: [],
     messages: {
+      foundMessage: 'Use `messageId` instead of `message`.',
       messagesMissing:
         '`meta.messages` must contain at least one violation message.',
-      foundMessage: 'Use `messageId` instead of `message`.',
+      missingMessage: '`meta.messages` is missing this messageId.',
+      unusedMessage: 'This messageId was never used.',
     },
   },
 
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ module.exports = {
     const sourceCode = context.getSourceCode();
     const info = utils.getRuleInfo(sourceCode);
 
+    const messageIdsUsed = new Set();
     let contextIdentifiers;
 
     // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -83,6 +86,18 @@ module.exports = {
           });
         }
       },
+
+      'Program:exit'() {
+        for (const messageIdNode of utils
+          .getMessageIdNodes(info)
+          .filter((node) => !messageIdsUsed.has(node.key.name))) {
+          context.report({
+            node: messageIdNode,
+            messageId: 'unusedMessage',
+          });
+        }
+      },
+
       CallExpression(node) {
         if (
           node.callee.type === 'MemberExpression' &&
@@ -95,15 +110,28 @@ module.exports = {
             return;
           }
 
-          const reportMessagesAndDataArray = utils
-            .collectReportViolationAndSuggestionData(reportInfo)
-            .filter((obj) => obj.message);
-          for (const { message } of reportMessagesAndDataArray) {
+          const reportMessagesAndDataArray =
+            utils.collectReportViolationAndSuggestionData(reportInfo);
+
+          for (const { message } of reportMessagesAndDataArray.filter(
+            (obj) => obj.message
+          )) {
             context.report({
               node: message.parent,
               messageId: 'foundMessage',
             });
           }
+
+          for (const { messageId } of reportMessagesAndDataArray.filter(
+            (obj) => obj.messageId && obj.messageId.type === 'Literal'
+          )) {
+            messageIdsUsed.add(messageId.value);
+            if (!utils.getMessageById(info, messageId.value))
+              context.report({
+                node: messageId,
+                messageId: 'missingMessage',
+              });
+          }
         }
       },
     };
diff --git a/lib/utils.js b/lib/utils.js
index 26138755..5d38a2f3 100644
--- a/lib/utils.js
+++ b/lib/utils.js
@@ -762,4 +762,41 @@ module.exports = {
       return [property];
     });
   },
+
+  getMessageIdNodes(ruleInfo) {
+    if (!ruleInfo) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    const metaNode = ruleInfo.meta;
+    const messagesNode =
+      metaNode &&
+      metaNode.properties &&
+      metaNode.properties.find(
+        (p) => p.type === 'Property' && this.getKeyName(p) === 'messages'
+      );
+
+    return messagesNode && messagesNode.value.type === 'ObjectExpression'
+      ? messagesNode.value.properties
+      : [];
+  },
+
+  getMessageById(ruleInfo, messageId) {
+    const metaNode = ruleInfo.meta;
+    const messagesNode =
+      metaNode &&
+      metaNode.properties &&
+      metaNode.properties.find(
+        (p) => p.type === 'Property' && this.getKeyName(p) === 'messages'
+      );
+
+    const correspondingMessage =
+      messagesNode &&
+      messagesNode.value.properties &&
+      messagesNode.value.properties.find(
+        (p) => p.type === 'Property' && this.getKeyName(p) === messageId
+      );
+    if (correspondingMessage) {
+      return correspondingMessage;
+    }
+  },
 };
diff --git a/tests/lib/rules/prefer-message-ids.js b/tests/lib/rules/prefer-message-ids.js
index 6372f00e..563e3dba 100644
--- a/tests/lib/rules/prefer-message-ids.js
+++ b/tests/lib/rules/prefer-message-ids.js
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ ruleTester.run('prefer-message-ids', rule, {
         module.exports = {
           meta: { messages: { foo: 'hello world' } },
           create(context) {
+            context.report({ node, messageId: 'foo' });
             context.report({ node, message: 'foo' });
           }
         };
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ ruleTester.run('prefer-message-ids', rule, {
         module.exports = {
           meta: { messages: { foo: 'hello world' } },
           create(context) {
+            context.report({ node, messageId: 'foo' });
             context.report({ node, suggest: [{desc:'foo'}] });
           }
         };
@@ -154,6 +156,7 @@ ruleTester.run('prefer-message-ids', rule, {
         export default {
           meta: { messages: { foo: 'hello world' } },
           create(context) {
+            context.report({ node, messageId: 'foo' });
             context.report({ node, message: 'foo' });
           }
         };
@@ -168,6 +171,7 @@ ruleTester.run('prefer-message-ids', rule, {
         module.exports = {
           meta: { messages: { foo: 'hello world' } },
           create(context) {
+            context.report({ node, messageId: 'foo' });
             context.report({
               node,
               message: MESSAGE
@@ -183,6 +187,7 @@ ruleTester.run('prefer-message-ids', rule, {
         module.exports = {
           meta: { messages: { foo: 'hello world' } },
           create(context) {
+            context.report({ node, messageId: 'foo' });
             context.report({
               node,
               message: foo + ' is bad.'
@@ -270,5 +275,30 @@ ruleTester.run('prefer-message-ids', rule, {
         { messageId: 'foundMessage', type: 'Property' },
       ],
     },
+    {
+      // messageId missing
+      code: `
+        module.exports = {
+          meta: { messages: { foo: 'hello world' } },
+          create(context) {
+            context.report({ node, messageId: 'foo' });
+            context.report({ node, messageId: 'bar' });
+          }
+        };
+      `,
+      errors: [{ messageId: 'missingMessage', type: 'Literal' }],
+    },
+    {
+      // messageId unused
+      code: `
+        module.exports = {
+          meta: { messages: { foo: 'hello world', bar: 'hello world 2' } },
+          create(context) {
+            context.report({ node, messageId: 'foo' });
+          }
+        };
+      `,
+      errors: [{ messageId: 'unusedMessage', type: 'Property' }],
+    },
   ],
 });