|
6 | 6 |
|
7 | 7 | ## 代码示例
|
8 | 8 |
|
9 |
| -<!-- tabs:start --> |
10 |
| - |
11 |
| -### **Java** |
12 |
| - |
13 |
| -```java |
14 |
| -import java.util.Arrays; |
15 |
| - |
16 |
| -public class BubbleSort { |
17 |
| - |
18 |
| - private static void bubbleSort(int[] nums) { |
19 |
| - boolean hasChange = true; |
20 |
| - for (int i = 0, n = nums.length; i < n - 1 && hasChange; ++i) { |
21 |
| - hasChange = false; |
22 |
| - for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; ++j) { |
23 |
| - if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) { |
24 |
| - swap(nums, j, j + 1); |
25 |
| - hasChange = true; |
26 |
| - } |
27 |
| - } |
28 |
| - } |
29 |
| - } |
30 |
| - |
31 |
| - private static void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) { |
32 |
| - int t = nums[i]; |
33 |
| - nums[i] = nums[j]; |
34 |
| - nums[j] = t; |
35 |
| - } |
36 |
| - |
37 |
| - public static void main(String[] args) { |
38 |
| - int[] nums = {1, 2, 7, 9, 5, 8}; |
39 |
| - bubbleSort(nums); |
40 |
| - System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums)); |
41 |
| - } |
42 |
| -} |
43 |
| -``` |
44 |
| - |
45 |
| -### **JavaScript** |
46 |
| - |
47 |
| -```js |
48 |
| -function bubbleSort(inputArr) { |
49 |
| - for (let i = inputArr.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { |
50 |
| - let hasChange = false; |
51 |
| - for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) { |
52 |
| - if (inputArr[j] > inputArr[j + 1]) { |
53 |
| - const temp = inputArr[j]; |
54 |
| - inputArr[j] = inputArr[j + 1]; |
55 |
| - inputArr[j + 1] = temp; |
56 |
| - hasChange = true; |
57 |
| - } |
58 |
| - } |
59 |
| - |
60 |
| - if (!hasChange) { |
61 |
| - break; |
62 |
| - } |
63 |
| - } |
64 |
| - |
65 |
| - return inputArr; |
66 |
| -} |
67 |
| - |
68 |
| -const arr = [6, 3, 2, 1, 5]; |
69 |
| -console.log(bubbleSort(arr)); |
70 |
| -``` |
71 |
| - |
72 |
| -### **Go** |
73 |
| - |
74 |
| -```go |
75 |
| -package main |
76 |
| - |
77 |
| -import "fmt" |
78 |
| - |
79 |
| -func bubbleSort(nums []int) { |
80 |
| - hasChange := true |
81 |
| - for i, n := 0, len(nums); i < n-1 && hasChange; i++ { |
82 |
| - hasChange = false |
83 |
| - for j := 0; j < n-i-1; j++ { |
84 |
| - if nums[j] > nums[j+1] { |
85 |
| - nums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j] |
86 |
| - hasChange = true |
87 |
| - } |
88 |
| - } |
89 |
| - } |
90 |
| -} |
91 |
| - |
92 |
| -func main() { |
93 |
| - nums := []int{1, 2, 7, 9, 5, 8} |
94 |
| - bubbleSort(nums) |
95 |
| - fmt.Println(nums) |
96 |
| -} |
97 |
| -``` |
98 |
| - |
99 |
| -### **C++** |
100 |
| - |
101 |
| -```cpp |
102 |
| -#include <iostream> |
103 |
| -#include <vector> |
104 |
| - |
105 |
| -using namespace std; |
106 |
| - |
107 |
| -void bubbleSort(vector<int>& arr) { |
108 |
| - int n = arr.size(); |
109 |
| - for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { |
110 |
| - bool change = false; |
111 |
| - for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; ++j) { |
112 |
| - if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) { |
113 |
| - swap(arr[j], arr[j + 1]); |
114 |
| - change = true; |
115 |
| - } |
116 |
| - } |
117 |
| - if (!change) break; |
118 |
| - } |
119 |
| -} |
120 |
| - |
121 |
| -int main() { |
122 |
| - vector<int> arr = {9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0}; |
123 |
| - bubbleSort(arr); |
124 |
| - for (int v : arr) cout << v << " "; |
125 |
| - cout << endl; |
126 |
| -} |
127 |
| -``` |
128 |
| -
|
129 |
| -### **Rust** |
130 |
| -
|
131 |
| -```rust |
132 |
| -fn bubble_sort(nums: &mut Vec<i32>) { |
133 |
| - let n = nums.len(); |
134 |
| - for i in 0..n - 1 { |
135 |
| - for j in i..n { |
136 |
| - if nums[i] > nums[j] { |
137 |
| - let temp = nums[i]; |
138 |
| - nums[i] = nums[j]; |
139 |
| - nums[j] = temp; |
140 |
| - } |
141 |
| - } |
142 |
| - } |
143 |
| -} |
144 |
| -
|
145 |
| -fn main() { |
146 |
| - let mut nums = vec![1, 2, 7, 9, 5, 8]; |
147 |
| - bubble_sort(&mut nums); |
148 |
| - println!("{:?}", nums); |
149 |
| -} |
150 |
| -``` |
151 |
| - |
152 |
| -### **C#** |
153 |
| - |
154 |
| -```cs |
155 |
| -using static System.Console; |
156 |
| -namespace Pro; |
157 |
| -public class Program |
158 |
| -{ |
159 |
| - public static void Main() |
160 |
| - { |
161 |
| - int[] test = new int[] { 56, 876, 34, 23, 45, 501, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 10, 12, 23, 34 }; |
162 |
| - BubbleSortNums(test); |
163 |
| - foreach (var item in test) |
164 |
| - { |
165 |
| - WriteLine(item); |
166 |
| - } |
167 |
| - ReadLine(); |
168 |
| - } |
169 |
| - public static void BubbleSortNums(int[] nums) |
170 |
| - { |
171 |
| - int numchange = 0; |
172 |
| - for (int initial = 0; initial < nums.Length - numchange; initial++) |
173 |
| - { |
174 |
| - WriteLine($"{initial} start "); |
175 |
| - // 记录此值 用于迭代开始位置 |
176 |
| - bool changelog = false; |
177 |
| - for (int second_sortnum = initial; second_sortnum < nums.Length - 1; second_sortnum++) |
178 |
| - { |
179 |
| - if (nums[second_sortnum] > nums[second_sortnum + 1]) |
180 |
| - { |
181 |
| - swap(ref nums[second_sortnum], ref nums[second_sortnum + 1]); |
182 |
| - if (!changelog) |
183 |
| - { |
184 |
| - // 记录转换的位置,让initial开始位置从转换位置前开始 |
185 |
| - initial = ((second_sortnum - 2) > 0) ? (second_sortnum - 2) : -1; |
186 |
| - numchange += 1; |
187 |
| - } |
188 |
| - changelog = true; |
189 |
| - } |
190 |
| - } |
191 |
| - } |
192 |
| - } |
193 |
| - private static void swap(ref int compare_left, ref int compare_right) |
194 |
| - { |
195 |
| - int temp = compare_left; |
196 |
| - compare_left = compare_right; |
197 |
| - compare_right = temp; |
198 |
| - } |
199 |
| -} |
200 |
| -``` |
201 |
| - |
202 |
| -### **Python3** |
203 |
| - |
204 |
| -```python |
205 |
| -def bubbleSort(arr): |
206 |
| - n = len(arr) |
207 |
| - # Iterate over all array elements |
208 |
| - for i in range(n): |
209 |
| - # Last i elements are already in place |
210 |
| - for j in range(n - i - 1): |
211 |
| - if arr[j] > arr[j + 1]: |
212 |
| - arr[j], arr[j + 1] = arr[j + 1], arr[j] |
213 |
| - |
214 |
| - |
215 |
| -# 改进版本 |
216 |
| -def bubbleSort(arr): |
217 |
| - n = len(arr) |
218 |
| - for i in range(n - 1): |
219 |
| - has_change = False |
220 |
| - for j in range(n - i - 1): |
221 |
| - if arr[j] > arr[j + 1]: |
222 |
| - arr[j], arr[j + 1] = arr[j + 1], arr[j] |
223 |
| - has_change = True |
224 |
| - if not has_change: |
225 |
| - break |
226 |
| - |
227 |
| - |
228 |
| -arr = [64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90] |
229 |
| -bubbleSort(arr) |
230 |
| -print(arr) |
231 |
| -``` |
232 |
| - |
233 |
| -<!-- tabs:end --> |
234 |
| - |
235 |
| -## 算法分析 |
236 |
| - |
237 |
| -空间复杂度 $O(1)$、时间复杂度 $O(n^2)$。 |
238 |
| - |
239 |
| -分情况讨论: |
240 |
| - |
241 |
| -1. 给定的数组按照顺序已经排好:只需要进行 $n-1$ 次比较,两两交换次数为 0,时间复杂度为 $O(n)$,这是最好的情况。 |
242 |
| -2. 给定的数组按照逆序排列:需要进行 $\frac{n\times (n-1)}{2}$ 次比较,时间复杂度为 $O(n^2)$,这是最坏的情况。 |
243 |
| -3. 给定的数组杂乱无章。在这种情况下,平均时间复杂度 $O(n^2)$。 |
244 |
| - |
245 |
| -因此,时间复杂度是 $O(n^2)$,这是一种稳定的排序算法。 |
246 |
| - |
247 |
| -> 稳定是指,两个相等的数,在排序过后,相对位置保持不变。## 解法 |
248 |
| -
|
249 |
| -### 方法一 |
250 |
| - |
251 | 9 | ```python
|
252 | 10 | def bubbleSort(arr):
|
253 | 11 | n = len(arr)
|
|
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