diff --git a/jbmc/src/java_bytecode/expr2java.cpp b/jbmc/src/java_bytecode/expr2java.cpp
index f042e15ff2a..271d48111ba 100644
--- a/jbmc/src/java_bytecode/expr2java.cpp
+++ b/jbmc/src/java_bytecode/expr2java.cpp
@@ -127,15 +127,9 @@ std::string expr2javat::convert_struct(
   bool first=true;
   size_t last_size=0;
 
-  for(struct_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-      c_it=components.begin();
-      c_it!=components.end();
-      c_it++)
+  for(const auto &c : components)
   {
-    if(c_it->type().id()==ID_code)
-    {
-    }
-    else
+    if(c.type().id() != ID_code)
     {
       std::string tmp=convert(*o_it);
       std::string sep;
@@ -155,7 +149,7 @@ std::string expr2javat::convert_struct(
 
       dest+=sep;
       dest+='.';
-      dest+=c_it->get_string(ID_pretty_name);
+      dest += id2string(c.get_pretty_name());
       dest+='=';
       dest+=tmp;
     }
diff --git a/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_code.cpp b/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_code.cpp
index d578ec33724..bbdc4326384 100644
--- a/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_code.cpp
+++ b/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_code.cpp
@@ -372,13 +372,8 @@ bool c_typecheck_baset::is_complete_type(const typet &type) const
   }
   else if(type.id()==ID_struct || type.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_union_typet::componentst &components=
-      to_struct_union_type(type).components();
-    for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=components.begin();
-        it!=components.end();
-        it++)
-      if(!is_complete_type(it->type()))
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
+      if(!is_complete_type(c.type()))
         return false;
   }
   else if(type.id()==ID_vector)
diff --git a/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_expr.cpp b/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_expr.cpp
index 90328c90af8..e78e2be4135 100644
--- a/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_expr.cpp
+++ b/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_expr.cpp
@@ -619,28 +619,20 @@ void c_typecheck_baset::typecheck_expr_builtin_offsetof(exprt &expr)
         else
         {
           // maybe anonymous?
-
-          const struct_union_typet::componentst &components=
-            struct_union_type.components();
-
           bool found2=false;
 
-          for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-              c_it=components.begin();
-              c_it!=components.end();
-              c_it++)
+          for(const auto &c : struct_union_type.components())
           {
-            if(c_it->get_anonymous() &&
-               (follow(c_it->type()).id()==ID_struct ||
-                follow(c_it->type()).id()==ID_union))
+            if(
+              c.get_anonymous() && (follow(c.type()).id() == ID_struct ||
+                                    follow(c.type()).id() == ID_union))
             {
-              if(has_component_rec(c_it->type(), component_name, *this))
+              if(has_component_rec(c.type(), component_name, *this))
               {
                 if(type.id()==ID_struct)
                 {
-                  exprt o=
-                    member_offset_expr(
-                      to_struct_type(type), c_it->get_name(), *this);
+                  exprt o = member_offset_expr(
+                    to_struct_type(type), c.get_name(), *this);
 
                   if(o.is_nil())
                   {
@@ -656,7 +648,7 @@ void c_typecheck_baset::typecheck_expr_builtin_offsetof(exprt &expr)
                   result=plus_exprt(result, o);
                 }
 
-                typet tmp=follow(c_it->type());
+                typet tmp = follow(c.type());
                 type=tmp;
                 assert(type.id()==ID_union || type.id()==ID_struct);
                 found2=true;
@@ -1097,21 +1089,15 @@ void c_typecheck_baset::typecheck_expr_typecast(exprt &expr)
       op.make_typecast(signed_int_type());
 
     // we need to find a member with the right type
-    const union_typet &union_type=to_union_type(expr_type);
-    const union_typet::componentst &components=union_type.components();
-
-    for(union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=components.begin();
-        it!=components.end();
-        it++)
+    for(const auto &c : to_union_type(expr_type).components())
     {
-      if(base_type_eq(it->type(), op.type(), *this))
+      if(base_type_eq(c.type(), op.type(), *this))
       {
         // found! build union constructor
         union_exprt union_expr(expr.type());
         union_expr.add_source_location()=expr.source_location();
         union_expr.op()=op;
-        union_expr.set_component_name(it->get_name());
+        union_expr.set_component_name(c.get_name());
         expr=union_expr;
         expr.set(ID_C_lvalue, true);
         return;
diff --git a/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_initializer.cpp b/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_initializer.cpp
index ad1be10fe07..485ab675f57 100644
--- a/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_initializer.cpp
+++ b/src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_initializer.cpp
@@ -268,15 +268,11 @@ void c_typecheck_baset::designator_enter(
     // only a top-level struct may end with a variable-length array
     entry.vla_permitted=designator.empty();
 
-    for(struct_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=struct_type.components().begin();
-        it!=struct_type.components().end();
-        ++it)
+    for(const auto &c : struct_type.components())
     {
-      if(it->type().id()!=ID_code &&
-         !it->get_is_padding())
+      if(c.type().id() != ID_code && !c.get_is_padding())
       {
-        entry.subtype=it->type();
+        entry.subtype = c.type();
         break;
       }
 
@@ -758,38 +754,36 @@ designatort c_typecheck_baset::make_designator(
         do
         {
           repeat=false;
-          unsigned number=0;
+          std::size_t number = 0;
           const struct_union_typet::componentst &components=
             to_struct_union_type(follow(tmp_type)).components();
 
-          for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-              c_it=components.begin();
-              c_it!=components.end();
-              c_it++, number++)
+          for(const auto &c : components)
           {
-            if(c_it->get_name()==component_name)
+            if(c.get_name() == component_name)
             {
               // done!
               entry.index=number;
               entry.size=components.size();
-              entry.subtype=components[entry.index].type();
+              entry.subtype = c.type();
               entry.type=tmp_type;
             }
-            else if(c_it->get_anonymous() &&
-                    (follow(c_it->type()).id()==ID_struct ||
-                     follow(c_it->type()).id()==ID_union) &&
-                    has_component_rec(
-                      c_it->type(), component_name, *this))
+            else if(
+              c.get_anonymous() && (follow(c.type()).id() == ID_struct ||
+                                    follow(c.type()).id() == ID_union) &&
+              has_component_rec(c.type(), component_name, *this))
             {
               entry.index=number;
               entry.size=components.size();
-              entry.subtype=c_it->type();
+              entry.subtype = c.type();
               entry.type=tmp_type;
               tmp_type=entry.subtype;
               designator.push_entry(entry);
               found=repeat=true;
               break;
             }
+
+            ++number;
           }
         }
         while(repeat);
diff --git a/src/ansi-c/padding.cpp b/src/ansi-c/padding.cpp
index e024fa4b6f9..d1d6e76f9fa 100644
--- a/src/ansi-c/padding.cpp
+++ b/src/ansi-c/padding.cpp
@@ -56,18 +56,12 @@ mp_integer alignment(const typet &type, const namespacet &ns)
     result=alignment(type.subtype(), ns);
   else if(type.id()==ID_struct || type.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_union_typet::componentst &components=
-      to_struct_union_type(type).components();
-
     result=1;
 
     // get the max
     // (should really be the smallest common denominator)
-    for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=components.begin();
-        it!=components.end();
-        it++)
-      result=std::max(result, alignment(it->type(), ns));
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
+      result = std::max(result, alignment(c.type(), ns));
   }
   else if(type.id()==ID_unsignedbv ||
           type.id()==ID_signedbv ||
diff --git a/src/ansi-c/type2name.cpp b/src/ansi-c/type2name.cpp
index 87789b6c457..2bef9136b00 100644
--- a/src/ansi-c/type2name.cpp
+++ b/src/ansi-c/type2name.cpp
@@ -203,18 +203,17 @@ static std::string type2name(
       result+="ST";
     if(type.id()==ID_union)
       result+="UN";
-    const struct_union_typet &t=to_struct_union_type(type);
-    const struct_union_typet::componentst &components = t.components();
     result+='[';
-    for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=components.begin();
-        it!=components.end();
-        it++)
+    bool first = true;
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
     {
-      if(it!=components.begin())
+      if(!first)
         result+='|';
-      result+=type2name(it->type(), ns, symbol_number);
-      irep_idt component_name = it->get_name();
+      else
+        first = false;
+
+      result += type2name(c.type(), ns, symbol_number);
+      const irep_idt &component_name = c.get_name();
       CHECK_RETURN(!component_name.empty());
       result+="'"+id2string(component_name)+"'";
     }
diff --git a/src/cpp/cpp_typecheck_constructor.cpp b/src/cpp/cpp_typecheck_constructor.cpp
index 86e7d016ce2..f9784bc9a42 100644
--- a/src/cpp/cpp_typecheck_constructor.cpp
+++ b/src/cpp/cpp_typecheck_constructor.cpp
@@ -789,17 +789,9 @@ void cpp_typecheckt::full_member_initialization(
 /// \return return true if a copy constructor is found
 bool cpp_typecheckt::find_cpctor(const symbolt &symbol) const
 {
-  const struct_typet &struct_type=to_struct_type(symbol.type);
-  const struct_typet::componentst &components=struct_type.components();
-
-  for(struct_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-      cit=components.begin();
-      cit!=components.end();
-      cit++)
+  for(const auto &component : to_struct_type(symbol.type).components())
   {
     // Skip non-ctor
-    const struct_typet::componentt &component=*cit;
-
     if(component.type().id()!=ID_code ||
        to_code_type(component.type()).return_type().id() !=ID_constructor)
       continue;
diff --git a/src/goto-instrument/dump_c.cpp b/src/goto-instrument/dump_c.cpp
index f5d9aa459da..eda4874070e 100644
--- a/src/goto-instrument/dump_c.cpp
+++ b/src/goto-instrument/dump_c.cpp
@@ -416,12 +416,8 @@ void dump_ct::convert_compound(
 
   std::stringstream struct_body;
 
-  for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-      it=type.components().begin();
-      it!=type.components().end();
-      it++)
+  for(const auto &comp : type.components())
   {
-    const struct_typet::componentt &comp=*it;
     const typet &comp_type=ns.follow(comp.type());
 
     if(comp_type.id()==ID_code ||
@@ -1236,18 +1232,15 @@ void dump_ct::cleanup_expr(exprt &expr)
 
     PRECONDITION(old_components.size()==old_ops.size());
     exprt::operandst::iterator o_it=old_ops.begin();
-    for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=old_components.begin();
-        it!=old_components.end();
-        ++it)
+    for(const auto &old_comp : old_components)
     {
-      const bool is_zero_bit_field=
-        it->type().id()==ID_c_bit_field &&
-        to_c_bit_field_type(it->type()).get_width()==0;
+      const bool is_zero_bit_field =
+        old_comp.type().id() == ID_c_bit_field &&
+        to_c_bit_field_type(old_comp.type()).get_width() == 0;
 
-      if(!it->get_is_padding() && !is_zero_bit_field)
+      if(!old_comp.get_is_padding() && !is_zero_bit_field)
       {
-        type.components().push_back(*it);
+        type.components().push_back(old_comp);
         expr.move_to_operands(*o_it);
       }
       ++o_it;
diff --git a/src/goto-instrument/goto_program2code.cpp b/src/goto-instrument/goto_program2code.cpp
index e01a87fb2cd..7970511b0d4 100644
--- a/src/goto-instrument/goto_program2code.cpp
+++ b/src/goto-instrument/goto_program2code.cpp
@@ -1439,16 +1439,8 @@ void goto_program2codet::add_local_types(const typet &type)
          !type_names_set.insert(identifier).second)
         return;
 
-      const struct_union_typet &struct_union_type=
-        to_struct_union_type(full_type);
-      const struct_union_typet::componentst &components=
-        struct_union_type.components();
-
-      for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-          it=components.begin();
-          it!=components.end();
-          ++it)
-        add_local_types(it->type());
+      for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(full_type).components())
+        add_local_types(c.type());
 
       assert(!identifier.empty());
       type_names.push_back(identifier);
diff --git a/src/goto-programs/remove_complex.cpp b/src/goto-programs/remove_complex.cpp
index ef5b351f54d..19a475237ac 100644
--- a/src/goto-programs/remove_complex.cpp
+++ b/src/goto-programs/remove_complex.cpp
@@ -81,13 +81,8 @@ static bool have_to_remove_complex(const typet &type)
 {
   if(type.id()==ID_struct || type.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_union_typet &struct_union_type=
-      to_struct_union_type(type);
-    for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=struct_union_type.components().begin();
-        it!=struct_union_type.components().end();
-        it++)
-      if(have_to_remove_complex(it->type()))
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
+      if(have_to_remove_complex(c.type()))
         return true;
   }
   else if(type.id()==ID_pointer ||
diff --git a/src/goto-programs/remove_vector.cpp b/src/goto-programs/remove_vector.cpp
index cabd5100698..15821d0a1ca 100644
--- a/src/goto-programs/remove_vector.cpp
+++ b/src/goto-programs/remove_vector.cpp
@@ -50,14 +50,8 @@ static bool have_to_remove_vector(const typet &type)
 {
   if(type.id()==ID_struct || type.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_union_typet &struct_union_type=
-      to_struct_union_type(type);
-
-    for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=struct_union_type.components().begin();
-        it!=struct_union_type.components().end();
-        it++)
-      if(have_to_remove_vector(it->type()))
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
+      if(have_to_remove_vector(c.type()))
         return true;
   }
   else if(type.id()==ID_pointer ||
diff --git a/src/goto-symex/goto_symex_state.cpp b/src/goto-symex/goto_symex_state.cpp
index 40f5054155e..7a7530274dd 100644
--- a/src/goto-symex/goto_symex_state.cpp
+++ b/src/goto-symex/goto_symex_state.cpp
@@ -206,14 +206,8 @@ static bool check_renaming(const typet &type)
           type.id()==ID_union ||
           type.id()==ID_class)
   {
-    const struct_union_typet &s_u_type=to_struct_union_type(type);
-    const struct_union_typet::componentst &components=s_u_type.components();
-
-    for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=components.begin();
-        it!=components.end();
-        ++it)
-      if(check_renaming(it->type()))
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
+      if(check_renaming(c.type()))
         return true;
   }
   else if(type.has_subtype())
diff --git a/src/linking/linking.cpp b/src/linking/linking.cpp
index e6c72f4deac..0ae91b5cf20 100644
--- a/src/linking/linking.cpp
+++ b/src/linking/linking.cpp
@@ -72,23 +72,17 @@ std::string linkingt::type_to_string_verbose(
       result+=" "+tag;
     result+=" {\n";
 
-    const struct_union_typet::componentst &components=
-      to_struct_union_type(followed).components();
-
-    for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=components.begin();
-        it!=components.end();
-        it++)
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(followed).components())
     {
-      const typet &subtype=it->type();
+      const typet &subtype = c.type();
       result+="  ";
       result+=type_to_string(ns, symbol.name, subtype);
       result+=' ';
 
-      if(it->get_base_name()!="")
-        result+=id2string(it->get_base_name());
+      if(!c.get_base_name().empty())
+        result += id2string(c.get_base_name());
       else
-        result+=id2string(it->get_name());
+        result += id2string(c.get_name());
 
       result+=";\n";
     }
@@ -686,11 +680,8 @@ void linkingt::duplicate_code_symbol(
           const typet &src_type=t1.id()==ID_union?t2:t1;
 
           bool found=false;
-          for(union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-              it=union_type.components().begin();
-              !found && it!=union_type.components().end();
-              it++)
-            if(base_type_eq(it->type(), src_type, ns))
+          for(const auto &c : union_type.components())
+            if(base_type_eq(c.type(), src_type, ns))
             {
               found=true;
               if(warn_msg.empty())
diff --git a/src/pointer-analysis/value_set.cpp b/src/pointer-analysis/value_set.cpp
index 4ae59c806c9..12e931ab3e2 100644
--- a/src/pointer-analysis/value_set.cpp
+++ b/src/pointer-analysis/value_set.cpp
@@ -886,12 +886,9 @@ void value_sett::get_value_set_rec(
     {
       const struct_typet &struct_type=to_struct_type(op0_type);
 
-      for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-          c_it=struct_type.components().begin();
-          !found && c_it!=struct_type.components().end();
-          c_it++)
+      for(const auto &c : struct_type.components())
       {
-        const irep_idt &name=c_it->get_name();
+        const irep_idt &name = c.get_name();
 
         mp_integer comp_offset=member_offset(struct_type, name, ns);
 
@@ -902,22 +899,19 @@ void value_sett::get_value_set_rec(
 
         found=true;
 
-        member_exprt member(expr.op0(), *c_it);
+        member_exprt member(expr.op0(), c);
         get_value_set_rec(member, dest, suffix, original_type, ns);
+        break;
       }
     }
 
     if(op0_type.id()==ID_union)
     {
-      const union_typet &union_type=to_union_type(op0_type);
-
       // just collect them all
-      for(union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-          c_it=union_type.components().begin();
-          c_it!=union_type.components().end(); c_it++)
+      for(const auto &c : to_union_type(op0_type).components())
       {
-        const irep_idt &name=c_it->get_name();
-        member_exprt member(expr.op0(), name, c_it->type());
+        const irep_idt &name = c.get_name();
+        member_exprt member(expr.op0(), name, c.type());
         get_value_set_rec(member, dest, suffix, original_type, ns);
       }
     }
@@ -1172,20 +1166,14 @@ void value_sett::assign(
   if(type.id()==ID_struct ||
      type.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_union_typet &struct_union_type=
-      to_struct_union_type(type);
-
-    for(struct_union_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        c_it=struct_union_type.components().begin();
-        c_it!=struct_union_type.components().end();
-        c_it++)
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
     {
-      const typet &subtype=c_it->type();
-      const irep_idt &name = c_it->get_name();
+      const typet &subtype = c.type();
+      const irep_idt &name = c.get_name();
 
       // ignore methods and padding
-      if(subtype.id()==ID_code ||
-         c_it->get_is_padding()) continue;
+      if(subtype.id() == ID_code || c.get_is_padding())
+        continue;
 
       member_exprt lhs_member(lhs, name, subtype);
 
diff --git a/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fi.cpp b/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fi.cpp
index e3c4a5e8926..9f1bdd69f92 100644
--- a/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fi.cpp
+++ b/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fi.cpp
@@ -99,17 +99,10 @@ void value_set_analysis_fit::get_entries_rec(
   if(t.id()==ID_struct ||
      t.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_union_typet &struct_type=to_struct_union_type(t);
-
-    const struct_typet::componentst &c=struct_type.components();
-
-    for(struct_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=c.begin();
-        it!=c.end();
-        it++)
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(t).components())
     {
       get_entries_rec(
-        identifier, suffix + "." + id2string(it->get_name()), it->type(), dest);
+        identifier, suffix + "." + id2string(c.get_name()), c.type(), dest);
     }
   }
   else if(t.id()==ID_array)
@@ -189,17 +182,9 @@ bool value_set_analysis_fit::check_type(const typet &type)
   else if(type.id()==ID_struct ||
           type.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_union_typet &struct_type=to_struct_union_type(type);
-
-    const struct_typet::componentst &components=
-      struct_type.components();
-
-    for(struct_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=components.begin();
-        it!=components.end();
-        it++)
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
     {
-      if(check_type(it->type()))
+      if(check_type(c.type()))
         return true;
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fivr.cpp b/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fivr.cpp
index 289f24eddd9..d1b6a88ec17 100644
--- a/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fivr.cpp
+++ b/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fivr.cpp
@@ -89,17 +89,10 @@ void value_set_analysis_fivrt::get_entries_rec(
   if(t.id()==ID_struct ||
      t.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_typet &struct_type=to_struct_type(t);
-
-    const struct_typet::componentst &c=struct_type.components();
-
-    for(struct_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=c.begin();
-        it!=c.end();
-        it++)
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(t).components())
     {
       get_entries_rec(
-        identifier, suffix + "." + id2string(it->get_name()), it->type(), dest);
+        identifier, suffix + "." + id2string(c.get_name()), c.type(), dest);
     }
   }
   else if(t.id()==ID_array)
@@ -179,19 +172,9 @@ bool value_set_analysis_fivrt::check_type(const typet &type)
   else if(type.id()==ID_struct ||
           type.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_typet &struct_type=to_struct_type(type);
-
-    const struct_typet::componentst &components=
-      struct_type.components();
-
-    for(struct_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=components.begin();
-        it!=components.end();
-        it++)
-    {
-      if(check_type(it->type()))
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
+      if(check_type(c.type()))
         return true;
-    }
   }
   else if(type.id()==ID_array)
     return check_type(type.subtype());
diff --git a/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fivrns.cpp b/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fivrns.cpp
index bd4458793c2..a08c1768ee4 100644
--- a/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fivrns.cpp
+++ b/src/pointer-analysis/value_set_analysis_fivrns.cpp
@@ -89,17 +89,10 @@ void value_set_analysis_fivrnst::get_entries_rec(
   if(t.id()==ID_struct ||
      t.id()==ID_union)
   {
-    const struct_typet &struct_type=to_struct_type(t);
-
-    const struct_typet::componentst &c=struct_type.components();
-
-    for(struct_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-        it=c.begin();
-        it!=c.end();
-        it++)
+    for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(t).components())
     {
       get_entries_rec(
-        identifier, suffix + "." + id2string(it->get_name()), it->type(), dest);
+        identifier, suffix + "." + id2string(c.get_name()), c.type(), dest);
     }
   }
   else if(t.id()==ID_array)
@@ -179,19 +172,9 @@ bool value_set_analysis_fivrnst::check_type(const typet &type)
     else if(type.id()==ID_struct ||
             type.id()==ID_union)
     {
-      const struct_typet &struct_type=to_struct_type(type);
-
-      const struct_typet::componentst &components=
-        struct_type.components();
-
-      for(struct_typet::componentst::const_iterator
-          it=components.begin();
-          it!=components.end();
-          it++)
-      {
-        if(check_type(it->type()))
+      for(const auto &c : to_struct_union_type(type).components())
+        if(check_type(c.type()))
           return true;
-      }
     }
     else if(type.id()==ID_array)
       return check_type(type.subtype());