implement criteria for shl overflow in goto_check

The current implementation generates an overflow-shl predicate, which is
then interpreted by the solver APIs.  This has the disadvantage that the
predicate has semantics that are both complicated and highly
language-dependent, which is not a good fit for a solver.

The new implementation defines the meaning of signed left shift overflows in
goto-check, similar as it is already done for division and unary minus.

This is covered by an existing test:
regression/cbmc/Overflow_Leftshift1/test.desc

Author: Daniel Kroening

scripts/delete_failing_smt2_solver_tests

@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ rm Linking7/test.desc
 rm Linking7/member-name-mismatch.desc
 rm Malloc23/test.desc
 rm Multi_Dimensional_Array2/test.desc
-rm Overflow_Leftshift1/test.desc
-rm Overflow_Subtraction1/test.desc
 rm Pointer_Arithmetic11/test.desc
 rm Pointer_byte_extract2/test.desc
 rm Pointer_byte_extract5/no-simplify.desc

src/analyses/goto_check.cpp

@@ -589,6 +589,74 @@ void goto_checkt::integer_overflow_check(
 
     return;
   }
+  else if(expr.id() == ID_shl)
+  {
+    if(type.id() == ID_signedbv)
+    {
+      const auto &shl_expr = to_shl_expr(expr);
+      const auto &op = shl_expr.op();
+      const auto &op_type = to_signedbv_type(type);
+      const auto op_width = op_type.get_width();
+      const auto &distance = shl_expr.distance();
+      const auto &distance_type = distance.type();
+
+      // a left shift of a negative value is undefined;
+      // yet this isn't an overflow
+      exprt neg_value_shift;
+
+      if(op_type.id() == ID_unsignedbv)
+        neg_value_shift = false_exprt();
+      else
+        neg_value_shift =
+          binary_relation_exprt(op, ID_lt, from_integer(0, op_type));
+
+      // a shift with negative distance is undefined;
+      // yet this isn't an overflow
+      exprt neg_dist_shift;
+
+      if(distance_type.id() == ID_unsignedbv)
+        neg_dist_shift = false_exprt();
+      else
+        neg_dist_shift =
+          binary_relation_exprt(op, ID_lt, from_integer(0, distance_type));
+
+      // an undefined shift of a non-zero value always results in overflow
+      const exprt undef = binary_predicate_exprt(
+        distance, ID_gt, from_integer(op_width, distance_type));
+
+      const exprt op_zero = equal_exprt(op, from_integer(0, op_type));
+
+      auto new_type = to_bitvector_type(op_type);
+      new_type.set_width(op_width * 2);
+
+      const exprt op_ext = typecast_exprt(op, new_type);
+
+      const exprt op_ext_shifted = shl_exprt(op_ext, distance);
+
+      // get top bits of the shifted operand
+      const exprt top_bits = extractbits_exprt(
+        op_ext_shifted,
+        new_type.get_width() - 1,
+        op_width - 1,
+        unsignedbv_typet(op_width + 1));
+
+      const exprt top_bits_zero =
+        equal_exprt(top_bits, from_integer(0, top_bits.type()));
+
+      // a negative distance shift isn't an overflow;
+      // a shift of zero isn't overflow;
+      // else check the top bits
+      add_guarded_claim(
+        or_exprt(neg_value_shift, neg_dist_shift, op_zero, top_bits_zero),
+        "arithmetic overflow on signed shl",
+        "overflow",
+        expr.find_source_location(),
+        expr,
+        guard);
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
 
   exprt overflow("overflow-"+expr.id_string(), bool_typet());
   overflow.operands()=expr.operands();