Added newtons_second_law_of_motion.py (TheAlgorithms#5474)

Author: divyesh1099

physics/newtons_second_law_of_motion.py

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+"""
+Description :
+Newton's second law of motion pertains to the behavior of objects for which
+all existing forces are not balanced.
+The second law states that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables
+- the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object.
+The acceleration of an object depends directly
+upon the net force acting upon the object,
+and inversely upon the mass of the object.
+As the force acting upon an object is increased,
+the acceleration of the object is increased.
+As the mass of an object is increased, the acceleration of the object is decreased.
+Source: https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-3/Newton-s-Second-Law
+Formulation: Fnet = m • a
+Diagrammatic Explanation:
+              Forces are unbalanced
+                        |
+                        |
+                        |
+                        V
+               There is acceleration
+                        /\
+                       /  \
+                      /    \
+                     /      \
+                    /        \
+                   /          \
+                  /            \
+        __________________   ____ ________________
+        |The acceleration |  |The acceleration   |
+        |depends directly |  |depends inversely  |
+        |on the net Force |  |upon the object's  |
+        |_________________|  |mass_______________|
+Units:
+1 Newton = 1 kg X meters / (seconds^2)
+How to use?
+Inputs:
+    ___________________________________________________
+   |Name         | Units                   | Type      |
+   |-------------|-------------------------|-----------|
+   |mass         | (in kgs)                | float     |
+   |-------------|-------------------------|-----------|
+   |acceleration | (in meters/(seconds^2)) | float     |
+   |_____________|_________________________|___________|
+
+Output:
+    ___________________________________________________
+   |Name         | Units                   | Type      |
+   |-------------|-------------------------|-----------|
+   |force        | (in Newtons)            | float     |
+   |_____________|_________________________|___________|
+
+"""
+
+
+def newtons_second_law_of_motion(mass: float, acceleration: float) -> float:
+    """
+    >>> newtons_second_law_of_motion(10, 10)
+    100
+    >>> newtons_second_law_of_motion(2.0, 1)
+    2.0
+    """
+    force = float()
+    try:
+        force = mass * acceleration
+    except Exception:
+        return -0.0
+    return force
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    # run doctest
+    doctest.testmod()
+
+    # demo
+    mass = 12.5
+    acceleration = 10
+    force = newtons_second_law_of_motion(mass, acceleration)
+    print("The force is ", force, "N")